131848Forging of ultrafine grained commercial purity titanium orthopaedic implants LimitedClosedFeasibility StudiesInnovate UKDemand for increasingly advanced orthopaedic implants is growing among the aging population, which increases healthcare spending of the NHS. A possible way of limiting this cost is through reducing the manufacturing cost of orthopaedic implants by replacing titanium alloys with pure titanium, which is cheaper and more biocompatible. However, pure titanium has to be strengthened to become as strong as titanium alloys; this can be achieved by refining its grain structure. University of Strathclyde in Glasgow and Orchid Orthopedic Solutions engaged in a proof of concept project to investigate feasibility of producing ultrafine grained pure titanium, using a process patented by University of Strathclyde, and forging it into a generic orthopaedic implant using Orchid's forging technology. The savings will be realised through cheaper material, reduced forging temperature and longer tool life.