10117834CLAD-CS: Closed Loop All-Dry Cathode SynthesisActiveMissionsInnovate UKCathode active material (CAM) occupies approximately 44% of the total cost of a lithium-ion battery cell and its production is dominated by Asia. The conventional process to generate CAM is costly, complex, and produces vast quantities of water and byproduct waste streams. The motivation for CLAD-CS: Closed Loop All-Dry Cathode Synthesis is to close the loop on CAM production, making it more environmentally friendly and cost effective to enable production in North American and UK/European jurisdictions. This solves three problems: (1) onshoring domestic supply of critical battery materials, (2) reducing process complexity and waste using new synthesis methods, and (3) giving new life to spent battery cell materials. This will be accomplished by optimizing recycled feedstocks (free of sulfates), derived from shredded batteries (black mass), for the NOVONIX all-dry, zero-waste process. The collaboration between ICoNiChem and NOVONIX will leverage both unique hydrometallurgy processing of black mass in nitrate systems combined CAM manufacturing; this collaboration eliminates the production of sulfate waste streams which provides a huge environmental benefit compared to current CAM production.