Next generation peste-des-petits ruminats (PPR) vaccines that differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) - proof of concept in sheep
Lead Research Organisation:
The Pirbright Institute
Department Name: Vaccine Differentiation
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats in Africa, and Asia. Recent outbreaks in Northern Africa, Bulgaria and European part of Turkey represent a significant threat to mainland of Europe and UK. Although effective live attenuated vaccines are available, the critical drawback of these vaccines and associated tests is their inability to differentiate infection in vaccinated animals (DIVA). Therefore, it is almost impossible to assess the quality and efficacy of existing PPR vaccines without knowing whether positive animals are vaccinated or naturally infected. This slows down the implementation of PPR control through vaccination. In an existing BBSRC grant, we have developed two PPR live attenuated DIVA vaccines and their companion tests. Both of these have already been successfully tested in goats. The aim of this project is to now test these vaccines in sheep to facilitate the licensing and commercialisation by vaccine producers.
Publications
Colenutt C
(2022)
Environmental sampling for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus and peste des petits ruminants virus in a live goat market, Nepal.
in Transboundary and emerging diseases
Kinimi E
(2021)
Complete Genome Sequencing of Field Isolates of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus from Tanzania Revealed a High Nucleotide Identity with Lineage III PPR Viruses.
in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
Mahapatra M
(2021)
Ongoing Assessment of the Molecular Evolution of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Continues to Question Viral Origins.
in Viruses
Mahapatra M
(2021)
Development and Evaluation of a Nested PCR for Improved Diagnosis and Genetic Analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) for Future Use in Nascent PPR Eradication Programme.
in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
Mulumba-Mfumu LK
(2021)
Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008-2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
in Viruses
Zhao H
(2021)
Progress towards Eradication of Peste des Petits Ruminants through Vaccination.
in Viruses
| Description | In this project, DIVA vaccines and DIVA tests for PPR were developed and have been licensed to commercial vaccine industries. |
| Exploitation Route | Further testing of DIVA vaccine and validation of DIVA test will facilitate the use of these vaccines in the field and this will contribute to the available tools for PPRV eradication. |
| Sectors | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology |
| URL | https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020128496 |
| Description | In the project we have developed and validated two DIVA vaccines and DIVA tests that have been patented and now under licence agreement they will be given to vaccine industries. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2020 |
| Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology |
| Impact Types | Societal,Economic,Policy & public services |
| Description | Patented two PPR live atteniuated DIVA vaccines that are able to differentiate between vaccination and infection |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Title | Use of reverse genetics to develop PPR DIVA vaccines |
| Description | Reverse genetics technique has been established for PPR virus in our laboratory. As PPR vaccine is a live attenuated virus, it is not possible to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA) in existing antibody assays. However using reverse genetics technique we have manipulated/mutated residues in the full-length cDNA of virus and rescued the live attenuated vaccine strain which worked as a DIVA vaccine. Using this technique a GFP ( Green fluorescent protein) has been introduced into the virulent PPR virus that helped to follow the virus in the infected goats. Similarly using this technique we have modified the existing live attenuated viruses ( Nigeria 75/1) and Sungri 96/1) in to recombinant marker vaccines that enables to differentiate between infection and vaccination ( DIVA). So we have demonstrated that reverse genetics tool can be used to study the pathogenesis and to develop the marker vaccines. This technique can be adapted for other negative strand viruses to design the DIVA vaccines. |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2015 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | PPR DIVA vaccine developed that can differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals. This will be helpful to know the efficacy of vaccine by knowing the presence antibodies in animal is due to vaccination or infection. This will reduce the eradication time and will facilitate to declare freedom of diseases as soon as Possible without long waiting period. |
| Description | Close collaboratiron has been initiated with Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad and Biovet, Bangalore |
| Organisation | Bharat Biotech International |
| Country | India |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Bharat Biotech through Biovet has recently negociating with the Institute to have the DIVA vaccines for commercialisation |
| Collaborator Contribution | Bharat Biotech through Biovet has recently negociating with the Institute to have the DIVA vaccines for commercialisation |
| Impact | Multidisciplinary |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | DIVA vaccine testing |
| Organisation | JOVAC |
| Country | Jordan |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Due to COVID situation the Isilation unit at the Pirbright Institute is closed for a year and therefore the project collaborator agreed to carry forward the animal experiemnt from their own expenses. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The collaborator agreed to carry forward the animal experiemnt ( DIVA vaccine testing in sheep) from their own expenses. |
| Impact | Multi disciplinary. Vaccine industry |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Title | PPR DIVA vaccine |
| Description | We ahve developed two PPR live attenuated DIVA vaccines that can differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals. |
| IP Reference | PCT/GB2019/053641,WO2020128496 |
| Protection | Patent application published |
| Year Protection Granted | 2020 |
| Licensed | Commercial In Confidence |
| Impact | Till date there is no PPR vaccine avalable that can differentiate between vaccination and infection. This causes a huge issue on eradication of the didease and declare freedom from the disease. Therefore our newly develped chimeric live attenauted PPR vaccine and DIVA tests can differentiate between vaccination and infection which is a great achievement for ongoing PPR eradication. Please see detail from the below web. https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020128496 |
| Description | Acted as Panel member for Agroeconomy and food security ( Zoonoses, One Health and intigrative approach to tackle the dideas) at National Institute of Animal Biotechnology ( NIAB) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govet of India |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Acted as Panel member for Agroeconomy and food security ( Zoonoses, One Health and intigrative approach to tackle the dideas) at National Institute of Animal Biotechnology ( NIAB) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govet of India |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Acted as a special Issue editor for Viruses on PPR eradication |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | Acted as a special Issue editor for Viruses on PPR eradication. Minimum 12 articles have been published. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses/special_issues/PPR |
| Description | Acting as a UKRI COVID panel Member |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Acting as a UKRI COVID panel Member since 2020 and reviewed many grant applications |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020,2021 |
| Description | Appointed as an Editorial Board member for Viruses journal |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Appointed as a Editorial Board member for Viruses journal |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses/editors |
| Description | Delivered an online lead Talk at organised by Indian Council of Agriculatural Research ( ICAR) and Indian veterinary research institute (IVRI) on Immunological Agents for Animal Disease management |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Online event. many veterinarians and researchers, policy makers from India and abroad joined the meeting. Prof Parida has talked on PPR DIVA vaccines recently developed for the first time using reverse genetics. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Panel member for Vaishwik Bharatiya Vaigyanik ( VAIBHAV) summit organised by Indian Priminister Narender Modi |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Indian Priminister has Invited international scientists for panel discussion on different areas of sciences to increse the collaborations with Indian scientists. Satya Parida has joined on Virology, Immunology and zoonosis themes. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://innovate.mygov.in/vaibhav-summit/ |