Tier-2 Computing and Storage for the LHC (GridPP-3)
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Edinburgh
Department Name: Sch of Physics and Astronomy
Abstract
'The Grid' is the next leap in computer interconnectivity. The Internet and the World Wide Web are increasingly an integral part of people's lives, helping the world share information and transfer data quickly and easily. In the same way as we now share files and facts over the global network of computers, in the future the Grid will let us share other things, such as processing power and storage space. The Grid is a practical solution to the problems of storing and processing the large quantities of data that will be produced by industry and the scientific communities over the next decade. Particle physicists are waiting for 2007 when a new particle accelerator opens in the world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate fundamental physics. Once this is fully functional the amount of data being produced will be massive. All this will be too much for one institution to handle so they need to share resources i.e. to use distributed computing. The Grid is built on the same Internet infrastructure as the web, but uses different tools. Middleware is one of these tools. In a stand alone computer the resources allocated to each job are managed by the operating system e.g. Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X. Middleware is like the operating system of a Grid, allowing users to access resources without searching for them manually. GridPP has developed middleware for the Grid, in collaboration with other international projects. Due to GridPP's open source policy, the middleware can evolve and be improved by the people who use it. Distributed computing has been available to scientists for some time but, in general, the use of different sites has to be negotiated by each scientist individually. They need a separate account on each system and jobs have to be submitted and results collected back by hand. Current distributed computing means the user has a lot of work to do to get their results. This is where the idea of Grid computing comes in. Middleware lets users simply submit jobs to the Grid without having to know where the data is or where the jobs will run. The software can run the job where the data is, or move the data to where there is CPU power available. Using the Grid and middleware, all the user has to do is submit a job and pick up the results. Acting as the gatekeeper and matchmaker for the Grid, middleware monitors the Grid, decides where to send computing jobs, manages users, data and storage. It will check the identity of the user through the use of digital certificates. A digital certificate is a file stored securely on a user's computer which allows the Grid to correctly identify a user. The certificates are given to a user by the Certification Authority, with numerous steps to ensure the person applying is who they say they are. The middleware automatically extracts the users' identity from their digital certificate and uses this to log them in. This means users don't have to remember user names and passwords to log onto the Grid, they're automatically logged on using their Grid certificate. After this seamless identification process the middleware will find the most convenient and efficient places for the job to be run and organise efficient access to the relevant scientific data. It deals with authentication to the different sites being used, runs the jobs, keeps track of progress, lets the user know when the work is complete and transfers the result back.
Organisations
People |
ORCID iD |
| Philip Clark (Principal Investigator) | |
| Peter Clarke (Co-Investigator) |
Publications
Aad G
(2015)
Z boson production in p + Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review C
Aad G
(2015)
Search for massive supersymmetric particles decaying to many jets using the ATLAS detector in p p collisions at s = 8 TeV
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2016)
Search for new phenomena in dijet mass and angular distributions from pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2016)
Search for invisible decays of a Higgs boson using vector-boson fusion in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2016)
Measurement of the production cross-section of a single top quark in association with a W boson at 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2015)
Study of the spin and parity of the Higgs boson in diboson decays with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2015)
Measurement of the branching ratio G ( ? b 0 ? ? ( 2 S ) ? 0 ) / G ( ? b 0 ? J / ? ? 0 ) with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2015)
Observation and measurements of the production of prompt and non-prompt [Formula: see text] mesons in association with a [Formula: see text] boson in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2015)
Centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in s NN = 5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2014)
Search for supersymmetry in events with four or more leptons in s = 8 TeV p p collisions with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2015)
Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of differential production cross-sections for a Z boson in association with b-jets in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2015)
Measurement of charged-particle spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2015)
Searches for Higgs boson pair production in the h h ? b b t t , ? ? W W * , ? ? b b , b b b b channels with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2015)
Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2016)
Search for a high-mass Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2015)
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in dileptonic decays of top quark pairs in pp collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV using the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of the low-mass Drell-Yan differential cross section at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2014)
Measurements of spin correlation in top-antitop quark events from proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2015)
Constraints on new phenomena via Higgs boson couplings and invisible decays with the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2014)
Electron and photon energy calibration with the ATLAS detector using LHC Run 1 data
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2015)
Measurement of four-jet differential cross sections in s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2014)
Search for dark matter in events with a Z boson and missing transverse momentum in p p collisions at s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of the production of a W boson in association with a charm quark in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of event-plane correlations in s NN = 2.76 TeV lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review C
Aad G
(2015)
Measurement of colour flow with the jet pull angle in t t ¯ events using the ATLAS detector at s = 8 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Aad G
(2015)
Search for new phenomena in the dijet mass distribution using p p collision data at s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2014)
Observation of an excited Bc(±) meson state with the ATLAS detector.
in Physical review letters
Aad G
(2015)
ATLAS Run 1 searches for direct pair production of third-generation squarks at the Large Hadron Collider.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2014)
Search for top squark pair production in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum in s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2014)
Search for microscopic black holes and string balls in final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2015)
Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2015)
Measurement of the top-quark mass in the fully hadronic decay channel from ATLAS data at $$\sqrt{s}=7\mathrm{\,TeV}$$ s = 7 TeV
in The European Physical Journal C
Aad G
(2014)
Flavor tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the B s 0 ? J / ? ? decay and extraction of ? G s and the weak phase ? s in ATLAS
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2015)
Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-section in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV using 4.5 fb-1 of data with the ATLAS detector
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2015)
Search for photonic signatures of gauge-mediated supersymmetry in 8 TeV p p collisions with the ATLAS detector
in Physical Review D
Aad G
(2014)
Measurement of the production cross-section of ?(2S) ? J/?(?µ + µ - )p + p - in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV at ATLAS
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Aad G
(2015)
Search for invisible decays of the Higgs boson produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Aad G
(2015)
Search for invisible particles produced in association with single-top-quarks in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=\mathrm {8~TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
in The European Physical Journal C