Re-Animating the Modern Symbol: the Residues of Romantic Materialism in the Picture Language of Isotype
Lead Research Organisation:
University of the West of England
Department Name: Fac Creative Arts, Humanities &Education
Abstract
This is an archival reseach project which deals with texts, graphics and photographs produced by Otto Neurath, Marie Reidemeister (later Marie Neurath), and the artist Gerd Arntz at the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum in Vienna (1925-1934), in The Hague, and at the Isotype institute in England. The Isotype system is a precursor to contemporary information graphics, an 'international picture language'. I intend to study it as a practical and theoretical exploration of symbolic communication, demonstrating how it may be understood through older conceptions of the symbol, which predate contemporary semiotics. Otto Neurath's interest in children's book illustrations, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Baroque emblems, and seventeenth century tableaux suggests a complex and interesting provenance for the Isotype 'picture language' and the broader project (which included public exhibitions, photography, and children's books).
This research involves exploring Baroque and Romantic theories of symbolic meaning, their links to the Romantic understanding of perception as a two way process, and theories of symbols and symbolism developed in German and Austrian art history and theory in early twentieth century. It focusses particularly on the early critical writings of Walter Benjamin, whose concept of 'aura' is rooted in Romantic theory, and is key to his understanding of modernity and modern media (which he characterises in terms of a loss of 'aura'). Through a parallel study of the Romantic educationalist and crystallographer, Friedrich Froebel, the project will explore the ways in which rationalised, geometric forms come to embody these notions of symbolism.
A combination of archival study (in key European and British archives) and graphic/photographic practice, will be used to analyse the techniques and processes of Isotype. Isotype is considered not only in its relationship to the logical positivist philosophy of Neurath and its immediate historical and social context, but also in relation to these wider ideas about the symbol, which are not necessarily compatible with Neurath's own philosophy. The research methodology is intended to bring theoretical and practical explorations of symbolism into productive dialogue, to contribute towards a materialist understanding of geometric modernisms and to provide a significant historical context for the current turn to materialism in cultural theory (for example, in 'thing theory' and 'actor network theory').
This research involves exploring Baroque and Romantic theories of symbolic meaning, their links to the Romantic understanding of perception as a two way process, and theories of symbols and symbolism developed in German and Austrian art history and theory in early twentieth century. It focusses particularly on the early critical writings of Walter Benjamin, whose concept of 'aura' is rooted in Romantic theory, and is key to his understanding of modernity and modern media (which he characterises in terms of a loss of 'aura'). Through a parallel study of the Romantic educationalist and crystallographer, Friedrich Froebel, the project will explore the ways in which rationalised, geometric forms come to embody these notions of symbolism.
A combination of archival study (in key European and British archives) and graphic/photographic practice, will be used to analyse the techniques and processes of Isotype. Isotype is considered not only in its relationship to the logical positivist philosophy of Neurath and its immediate historical and social context, but also in relation to these wider ideas about the symbol, which are not necessarily compatible with Neurath's own philosophy. The research methodology is intended to bring theoretical and practical explorations of symbolism into productive dialogue, to contribute towards a materialist understanding of geometric modernisms and to provide a significant historical context for the current turn to materialism in cultural theory (for example, in 'thing theory' and 'actor network theory').
People |
ORCID iD |
Michelle Henning (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Henning M
(2011)
Living Life In Pictures: Isotype As Modernist Cultural Practice
in New Formations
Henning M
(2019)
Neurath Reconsidered - New Sources and Perspectives
Henning, M.
(2009)
The Pig in the Bath: New Materialisms and Cultural Studies
Henning, M.
(2011)
The Afterlife of Animals
Description | Collaborations with the research group, Reading University. We have already put together a conference panel (at Networks of Design, September 2008) and envisage further collaboration. |
Organisation | University of Reading |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Information taken from Final Report |
Description | Conference Paper: Imagining Post-War Happiness: Otto Neurath and Britain in 1945 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Type Of Presentation | paper presentation |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | Contributed to discussion at the conference After the War: Post-War Structures of Feeling, the Institute of English Studies, /the Birkbeck Centre for Post-War Cultural Research, University of London, May 8-9, 2009. I shared the paper online at academia.edu where 220 people have viewed it. The paper was amongst several at the conference that shifted debate away from an overwhelming emphasis on trauma in understandings of post-war Britain, and was cited in the keynote as evidence of this. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
URL | https://www.academia.edu/425724/Imagining_Post-War_Happiness |
Description | Conference Paper: Living signs: theory and materiality in the work of Otto Neurath |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Type Of Presentation | paper presentation |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | Paper given at Engaging Objects, ASCA International Workshop, Amsterdam 26-28 March 2008. Talk sparked questions and discussion, and my involvement with the conference influenced my future plans for research on this project. The paper and the conference allowed me to make contact with other researchers in related areas and developed both my and their understandings of the field. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
Description | Conference Paper: My Recent Research on Isotype |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Type Of Presentation | keynote/invited speaker |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | The paper was discussed amongst experts in the field. I have shared the paper online through academia.edu where it has been viewed 404 times |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
URL | https://www.academia.edu/423640/My_Recent_Research_on_Isotype_ |
Description | Conference Paper; Animate things: romantic materialism and modernist design |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Type Of Presentation | paper presentation |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | Conference paper stimulated intense discussion afterwards. I also have shared the paper online at academia edu - where it has been downloaded by another 38 people in the field. The impact was principally on the direction of my own research and my understanding of how to approach and present it. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2007 |
URL | https://www.academia.edu/425827/Animate_Things_Romantic_Materialism_and_Modernist_Design |
Description | Conference Paper; The things signs do: cultural history through the work of the Isotype Institute |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Type Of Presentation | paper presentation |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | Paper given at Orientations: the International Society for Cultural History Conference, Ghent, August 2008. Talk sparked questions and discussion. My attendance at the conference had a big impact on the quality of my research in this project and help shaped the direction of discussion in this field. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
Description | Conference paper: Picture languages and other things: the materiality of Isotype |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Type Of Presentation | paper presentation |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | Paper given at Networks of Design, Conference of the Design History Society, University College Falmouth, September 2008 Audience responses influenced the trajectory of my research, and gave me the opportunity of sharing their expertise Influence on the thinking / writing of several audience members / readers |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
URL | https://www.academia.edu/425827/Animate_Things_Romantic_Materialism_and_Modernist_Design |
Description | Invited Paper: Isotype |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
Results and Impact | This was an invited talk given at the Manifesting Type workshop, Portsmouth University, April 2009. The aim was to share my research with interested researchers at Portsmouth. Impact on other researchers understanding of the field |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |