Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+)
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Cambridge
Department Name: Criminology
Abstract
Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
Organisations
- University of Cambridge (Lead Research Organisation)
- Malmö University (Collaboration)
- University of Cologne (Collaboration)
- Institute for Fiscal Studies (Collaboration)
- Bielefeld University (Collaboration)
- National University of Distance Education (Collaboration)
- University of Münster (Collaboration)
- University of Maribor (Collaboration)
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (Collaboration)
People |
ORCID iD |
| Per-Olof Wikstrom (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Bertok E.
(2012)
Parental control of teenagers in primary and high school and related deviance Starševski nadzor nad najstniki v osnovni in srednji šoli ter s tem povezana odklonskost
in Revija za Kriminalistiko in Kriminologijo
Bouhana N
(2010)
Theorizing terrorism: Terrorism as moral action - a scoping review
in Contemporary readings in law and social justice
Ceccato V
(2012)
The urban fabric of crime and fear
Ceccato V
(2012)
The Urban Fabric of Crime and Fear
Fisher B
(2010)
Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention
HAAR D
(2010)
Crime propensity, criminogenic exposure and violent scenario responses: Testing situational action theory in regression and Rasch models
in European Journal of Applied Mathematics
Oberwittler D
(2009)
Putting Crime in its Place
Oberwittler D
(2007)
The Effects of Neighbourhood Poverty on Adolescent Problem Behaviours: A Multi-level Analysis Differentiated by Gender and Ethnicity
in Housing Studies
Sampson R J
(2008)
Order, Conflict, and Violence
| Description | PADS+ has bridged the gap between people and place-based accounts of crime using an interdisciplinary approach to develop dynamic theory and theory-testing methods, and reporting findings confirming the importance of the person-environment interaction in crime causation. PADS+ has advanced criminological theory by going beyond the risk factor approach to forward an analytical criminology focusing on mechanisms; specifying a robust definition of crime as moral action; and developing a new dynamic action theory: situational action theory (SAT). SAT draws attention to the process of perception (which precedes and shapes the process of choice), presents a dual-process model of choice (recognizing that choices may be habitual as well as rational), and addresses stability and change in crime (which results from stability and change in people's action contexts). PADS+ has advanced criminological research by developing and applying innovative methods for measuring settings and people's exposure combining a small-area level community survey with a space-time budget; studying development in context through longitudinal research; and replicating research cross-nationally to demonstrate the generalizability of SAT's explanation of crime. PADS+ has provided empirical support for SAT substantiated by collaborative and independent research across a wide range of international contexts. Core findings include: 1. Young people vary in their crime propensities i.e., their situational vulnerability to criminogenic environmental influences. A person's crime propensity depends significantly on his/her personal morality and ability to exercise self-control. 2. Environments' vary in their criminogeneity depending on the moral context (moral norms and their enforcement), which determines whether opportunities or frictions in a setting motivate acts of crime. Residential areas with poor collective efficacy and central commercial areas present particularly weak moral contexts when young people frequent them unsupervised with peers in unstructured activities. 3. People vary in whether they see and choose crime as an action alternative depending on the interplay between their crime propensities and exposure to criminogenic settings. People with low crime propensities are situationally resistant and unlikely to commit crime regardless of their exposure, while people with high crime propensities are situationally vulnerable and commit crime to the extent they are exposed to criminogenic settings. 4. Crime is concentrated amongst a small group of people with high crime propensities and criminogenic exposure. Crime hot spots, where crime is concentrated in time and space, occur in places where, at times when, crime prone people and criminogenic settings converge. 5. Changes in people's crime propensity and criminogenic exposure predict change in people's crime involvement. These findings suggest crimes happen because people perceive them as a morally acceptable given the circumstances (and there is no relevant and strong enough deterrent) or fail to adhere to personal morals in circumstances when they are externally incited to act otherwise. This suggests that effective crime prevention would result from policies and practices that promote people's perception of crime as morally unacceptable, strengthen their ability to withstand external incitements to break the law, and/or strengthen environments' deterrent qualities to uphold rules of conduct (stated in law) when people are motivated to breach them. Recent work has further developed this latter finding, analysing the psychosocial and socioecological processes of emergence and selection through which people develop their crime propensities and become exposed to certain environments. We have identified three key trajectories of crime involvement in the PADS+ sample from pre-adolescence into young adulthood: approximately 6% of the sample follow a persistent trajectory of crime involvement that only declines in early adulthood, 10% follow an adolescence-limited pathway that is indistinguishable from that of the persistent group until age 16 and then declines to the level of those in the final group, 84% of the sample who report very little or no crime involvement at any age. We then identified three trajectories of high (20%), medium (47%) and low (33%) crime propensity, and two trajectories of high (15%) and low (85%) criminogenic exposure. We found that participants who followed a trajectory of heightened crime propensity were more likely to follow a criminal career path (either persistent or adolescence-limited), while those who followed a trajectory of higher exposure were more likely to follow only the persistent criminal career path. This suggests that what distinguishes young people with persistent criminal careers from those whose criminal careers are adolescent-limited is not their crime propensity, but the fact that persistent offenders experience persistently heightened exposure to criminogenic contexts. We then looked further back along the causal change to assess how people come to follow trajectories of heightened crime propensity and criminogenic exposure. We have found that family and school relationships and contexts are important determinants, with more cohesive relationships and structured and supervised time leading to lower propensity and criminogenic exposure. We are continuing to explore these causes of the causes, and their implications for developing effective crime prevention policies and practices. |
| Exploitation Route | PADS+ is a unique longitudinal study which has collected unprecedented, detailed and especially resource-intensive data over an extended time period. To fully capitalise on this investment and its extremely wide-ranging potential to contribute to the advancement of knowledge about social behaviour on many fronts, not just criminological, it is particularly important to keep the study going well into the future to assess changes in people and their social lives as they play out. In order to maintain maximum productivity it is also essential to keep the small core group of research and administration together. They have extended experience with SAT, PADS+ methods and PADS+ data and the study's organisation, and can therefore most effectively build upon current contributions and outputs as they are familiar with the wide scope of the study and what potentials it is able, and designed, to fulfil. Consequently, a key aim of the study is to continue to secure funding for extensions to PADS+, as well as related projects which may address aspects of the theory or follow-up on key findings. A significant future direction is to advance international comparative research with key replication studies as well as other collaborators. We are currently applying for an ESRC Centre to formalize and resource the work of our international collaborations. The study has also fostered on-going relationships with practitioners and policy makers who are seeking to apply its findings and implications. These relationships will be sustained to continue the practical impact of PADS+ on crime prevention and crime policy. Future research priorities include further analyses of the role of wider social environments and its impact on social environmental and selection processes, further development of the neurocognitive aspects of the study (e.g., those relating to habitual behaviour) and implications for policy and practice, further characterization of criminogenic action and developmental contexts, and further experimentation to assess the perception-choice process and its social-psychological context. |
| Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Security and Diplomacy |
| URL | http://www.pads.ac.uk |
| Description | PADS+ main contribution to society and the economy is through its contribution to our understanding of crime causation and therefore the key factors and processes which should be targeted by crime prevention policies and practices. PADS+ has contributed significantly to the fundamental knowledge-base which provides an important underpinning for a strong evidence-base. PADS+ has advanced the scientific basis on which policing and criminal justice strategy and crime prevention policies can be formulated in the UK and abroad. It highlights three key avenues for crime prevention: targeting people (crime propensity), settings (criminogeneity) or activity fields (intersections between people and settings), and had highlighted key psychosocial and socioecological processes (e.g., moral education and cognitive nurturing, and self and social selection) as useful avenues for crime reduction. Findings and implications from PADS+ has been widely disseminated to policy makers and practitioners in the UK and abroad, and have inspired further information sharing, collaboration, and applications. In 2011 Wikstrom was awarded a British Academy Fellowship in recognition of his work in knowledge-based crime prevention. Recently (2018) PADS+ researcher have led workshops organized in conjunction with the Home Office for practitioners in London and Manchester to share findings from PADS+ and their implications for preventing young people's crime. The Home Office has sought advice from PADS+ researchers and cited their work in several crime prevention policies. In 2011 work by Wikstrom and Bouhana was cited in the Prevent Strategy. In 2016 the Home Office requested advice from PADS+ researchers for their Modern Crime Prevention Strategy, and their work featured heavily in the section on 'Character'. Recently, the Home Office has sought advice for a Serious Violent Crime Strategy, which will likewise reference PADS+ research. PADS+ has also engaged with the wider public through the media, particularly in relation to the book Breaking Rules which details the study and its key findings, presentations in schools around the country, and participation in activities with crime prevention partnerships and relevant social agencies in the UK and abroad. As a consequence, PADS+ has significantly impacted the terms of the debate not only in academic contexts which aim to better explain crime, but in practical and political arenas which aim to better prevent and police crime. This is evidenced by the number of invitations from local, regional, national and international practitioners and policy-makers' wishing to hear how the findings from PADS+ can and should change the way they work to reduce crime. This includes various meetings organized by the Home Office (attended, for example, by the Chief Scientific Advisor, Deputy Director of the Strategic Policy Team, and Chief Economist/Director of Social Science; e.g., June 2009, 2010), Members of Parliament and the Prime Minister's Strategy Unit (March 2008), the Ministry of Justice (March 2008), the Cabinet Office (September 2012), the Youth Justice Board (November 2008, April 2011), the Ministers of State for Crime Prevention (Home Office) and for Policing and Criminal Justice (Home Office and Ministry of Justice) (March 2013), various police constabularies and local government offices (e.g., March, May and October 2013), the US National Institute of Justice (April 2011), the Swedish National Police Board (August 2011), and the Danish Crime Prevention Council (April 2013). In 2011 Wikstrom was appointed external expert to the Home Office Crime and Policing Group. prevention. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2008 |
| Sector | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy |
| Impact Types | Societal,Policy & public services |
| Description | Appointment as external expert to the Home Office Crime and Policing Group |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Impact | The dissemination of implications and findings from situational action theory and PADS+ has changed the terms of the debate regarding crime prevention, supporting an evidence-based approach and contributing to a foundational knowledge-base. |
| Description | Meetings with Members of Parliament |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
| Description | Meetings with the Youth Justice Board |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
| Description | Rapid evidence assessment of Al Qa'ida-influenced radicalisation |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
| Impact | Cited in CONTEST: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism in relation to the Prevent Strategy for preventing violent extremism. |
| Description | Regular meetings with senior representatives of the Home Office |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
| Impact | PI Wikstrom conducts regular consultations with senior representatives from the Home Office to raise awareness of implications from SAT and PADS+ for crime reduction policies. This includes guidance of the Modern Crime Prevention Strategy. |
| Title | Combined space-time budget and small-area community survey method |
| Description | This method combines ecometric methods to measure social environments with space-time diary methods which measure people's exposure. This allows PADS+ to place people in the specific context in which their actions occur, including acts of crime, making it possible to study the true person-environment interaction. This has allowed PADS+ to directly test the effects of the situation - convergence of people and places - on crime causation,something which no previous method has achieved. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2007 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | This method has allowed PADS+ to assess, for the first time, the combination of people and contexts which leads to acts of crime, moving beyond traditional regression methods which are not able to address actual spatio-temporal convergence at the point of action (i.e., if certain people are in certain places when they commit acts of crime). It also allows PADS+ to study the role of social environments not only in action but also in development using longitudinal data. Its replication cross-nationally allows for the comparison of different contexts and rates of crime and the generalizability of the situational causal factors and mechanisms posited by situational action theory. |
| URL | http://www.pads.ac.uk/pages/research/pads_methods.html#budgets |
| Title | PADS+ dataset |
| Description | PADS+ has compiled a large longitudinal dataset, including data from parents' and young people's questionnaires, space-time budget interviews, event calendars, and neurocognitive tasks. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | PADS+ is one of the most detailed contemporary longitudinal studies of young people and their social lives in existence. Because PADS+ data has been collected using innovative methods from a UK sample it is able to answer unique research questions within the UK context. Collaboration with international researchers to replicate PADS+ methods further allows for direct cross-national comparison between UK outcomes and those from other countries, e.g., in Western and Eastern Europe, Scandanavia, Asia and Africa. |
| Description | Cali and Quito-Riobamba Juvenile Delinquency Studies |
| Organisation | National University of Distance Education |
| Department | Department of Criminal Law and Criminology |
| Country | Spain |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | PADS+ researchers worked with PI Professor Alfonso Serrano-Maillo to replicate PADS+ methods and test situational action theory. |
| Collaborator Contribution | PI Serrano-Maillo has been involved in a number of collaborative enterprises and replicated PADS+ methods in several countries, most notably in South America, allowing for cross-national comparative work. |
| Impact | Professor Serrano-Maillo has taken part in a number of collaborative projects including conference presentations and publications. |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | Chances and Risks in the Life Course |
| Organisation | Bielefeld University |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | PADS+ researchers have discussed analytical methods and cross-comparative approaches. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Researchers from Bielefeld have participated in collaborative workshops, projects, conference presentations, and ongoing publications. |
| Impact | This collaboration has led to collaborative conference presentations, and ongoing publications. |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | Collective Behavior Group |
| Organisation | Institute for Fiscal Studies |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | PI Wikstrom collaborated with Professor David Sumpter and Richard Mann (now at the University of Leeds) on a paper exploring the person-environment interaction applying advanced mathematical methods to space-time budget data. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Researchers from the Collective Behavior Group attended workshops and applied an artificial neural network method to analyse the impact of different situational factors on the likelihood of young people's crime involvement. |
| Impact | A paper is currently accepted for publication and others are in the works. |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | Crime in the Modern City (CriMoC) |
| Organisation | Bielefeld University |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | PADS+ researchers have collaborated with PIs from CriMoC on the development and application of analytical methods. |
| Collaborator Contribution | CriMoC PIs have provided consultation on advanced analytical techniques and been involved in collaborative publications and conference panels and presentations. |
| Impact | PIs from PADS+ and CriMoC have collaborated on working papers and consulted on ways to analyse longitudinal data. They have worked together at SAT workshops and organized joint panels at international conferences. |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | Crime in the Modern City (CriMoC) |
| Organisation | University of Münster |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | PADS+ researchers have collaborated with PIs from CriMoC on the development and application of analytical methods. |
| Collaborator Contribution | CriMoC PIs have provided consultation on advanced analytical techniques and been involved in collaborative publications and conference panels and presentations. |
| Impact | PIs from PADS+ and CriMoC have collaborated on working papers and consulted on ways to analyse longitudinal data. They have worked together at SAT workshops and organized joint panels at international conferences. |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | Friendship and Violence in Adolescence (FuGJ) |
| Organisation | University of Cologne |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | PADS+ researchers have collaborated with researchers from Cologne on advanced methods and projects testing SAT and, in particular, forwarding an analytical mechanism focused approach to the study and explanation of crime. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Researchers from Cologne have collaborated in dialogues regarding advanced methodological methods and the collection and analysis of longitudinal data. |
| Impact | PADS+ researchers and researchers from Cologne have collaborated on research publications, workshops and conference presentations. |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | The Malmo Individual and Neighbourhood Development Study (MINDS) |
| Organisation | Malmö University |
| Country | Sweden |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | PADS+ researchers prepared and trained MINDS researchers to replicate PADS+ methods. |
| Collaborator Contribution | MINDS researchers have replicated PADS+ methods and are now involved with PADS+ researchers in cross-national comparative projects and publications. MINDS have contributed one research assistant to supporting this collaboration. |
| Impact | A number of joint publications and conference presentations have arisen from this collaboration. |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | The Study of Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Delinquency (SPMAD) |
| Organisation | University of Maribor |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | PADS+ researchers trained SPMAD staff in the replication of PADS+ methods. |
| Collaborator Contribution | SPMAD researchers replicated PADS+ methods in Slovenia and have been involved in several collaborative enterprises, including published papers and conference presentations. |
| Impact | Collaborative publications have been produced and conference panels have been organized at international events. |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | The Study of Peers, Activities and Neighbourhoods (SPAN) |
| Organisation | Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | PADS+ researchers prepared and trained SPAN researchers in PADS+ methods. |
| Collaborator Contribution | SPAN replicated PADS+ methods in the Hague. This has led to cross-national comparative projects and papers. |
| Impact | This collaboration has produced a number of conference presentation and publications relating to cross-national tests of SAT. |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Description | Appearance on Thinking Aloud |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Beth Hardie appeared on Thinking Aloud to discuss PADS+ research and the book Breaking Rules. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Article for The Huffington Post |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Dr Treiber wrote an article for The Huffington Post on the key findings from PADS+ reported in the book Breaking Rules. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Article for the Education Journal |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Kyle Treiber wrote an article for this practitioner based journal on the key findings from PADS+ reported in the book Breaking Rules. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Cambridge Community Safety Partnership |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited to give a lecture on 'Situational Action Theory: Selected main findings from PADS+ and key implications for crime prevention'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Collaborative Workshop with MINDS |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom, Dr K. Treiber and B. Hardie hosted collaborative workshops with MINDS researchers. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014,2015 |
| Description | Collaborative meeting with CriMoC |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom, Kyle Treiber and Beth Hardie met with representatives of CriMoC (Crime in the Modern City Study), a longitudinal study underway in Germany. This sparked plans for future collaborations. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2010 |
| Description | Collaborative workshop with SPAN |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom, Kyle Treiber and Beth Hardie met with collaborators from the Study of Peers, Activities and Neighbourhoods, which replicates PADS+ methods in the Hague. Future collaborative projects and publications were discussed. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | Festival of Ideas |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PADS+ researchers presented posters and slides and demonstrated of research methods as part of this annual University wide public engagement event. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2010 |
| Description | High Sherriff of Cambridgeshire Legal Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Beth Hardie gave a presentation of implications on PADS+ findings and implications for working with young people. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Home Office Crime and Justice Statistics Network Annual Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation on 'Adolescent criminal careers: Key findings from PADS+ and spoke with practitioners and members of the Home Office about analytical methods. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Home Office seminar on evidence-based government |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom took part in a Home Office seminar on 'Evidence-based government: Hunting causes and using them' for academics, politicians and practitioners. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | Institute of Criminology Alumni Weekend |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PADS+ researchers took part in this annual open-house event, discussing posters and presenting a slide show of PADS+ research. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2010 |
| Description | Interdisciplinary workshop on Z-proso |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom and Kyle Treiber were invited discussants at this interdisciplinary workshop on the Zurich Study on the Social Development of Children. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Interview on BBC World Service |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Affiliated researcher Dietrich Oberwittler spoke about the book Breaking Rules on the BBC World Service. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Invited lecture at Keele University |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation on 'Criminal careers and the role of the social environment' to students and researchers at Keele University. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | Invited lecture at Sir Anthony Bottom's Colloqium |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited to give a talk on 'The importance of asking 'Why?' and 'How?' at the University of Cambridge Faculty of Law |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2007 |
| Description | Invited lecture at the Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave an invited lecture on crime prevention. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Invited lecture at the University of Bielefeld |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation on situtional action theory to students and researchers at the University of Bielefeld. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | Invited lecture at the University of Madrid |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited to give a presentation on 'Young people and crime' |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2007 |
| Description | Invited lecture at the University of Munster |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited to give a presentation on situational action theory to students and researchers at the University of Munster. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | Invited lecture for the Local Crime Prevention Council of Helsingborg |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited to give a lecture on 'The causes of prevention of young people's crime' in 2009 and 'Social environments, morality and youth crime' in 2011. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2011 |
| Description | Invited presentation at Impington Village College |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Dr Treiber was invited to the Sixth Form Progression Conference to talk about careers in criminological research. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Invited presentation at the Annual Conference for Evidence-Based Policing |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation on 'Explaining crime hot spots' at this large gathering of police practitioners and researchers. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Invited seminar at the Home Office |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom held a presentation of key findings and crime implications of PADS+ for the Minister of Crime Prevention (Home Office), the Minister of Policing and Criminal Justice (a position held jointly at the Home office and the Ministry of Justice) and other senior crime prevention people. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Lecture at the Royal College of Technology Stockholm |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a lecture on 'The situational dynamics of crime: Towards a true ecology of urban crime'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | Lecture on SAT to MSt students on the Cambridge Ponology and Police Executive programmes |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | This annual lecture introduces situational action theory to international high-ranking practitioner group. This opens up discussions and has led to requests for further information and involvement, including collaborative research projects applying SAT in various areas of criminal justice practice (e.g., insider trading; violence among prison inmates). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015 |
| Description | Local Crime Prevention Partnership Denmark |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited to give a lecture on "Situational Action Theory, a foundation for creating effective crime prevention". |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Mechanism working group on analytical sociology |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom attended a workshop on 'Social mechanisms and social structure' at the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala in 2010. This laid the foundations for a Mechanism Working Group on social mechanisms and structural approaches to social science which met through a series of workshops to share ideas and organize collaborative projects and publications. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008,2010,2011 |
| Description | Meeting and discussion of crime prevention with a Member of Parliament |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom met with a Member of Parliament to discussion youth crime and prevention. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2007 |
| Description | Meeting held by the Youth Justice Board |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom attended a meeting held by the Youth Justice Board for academics and members of the government to discuss the Youth Crime Action Plan. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | Meeting with Chief Executive of the Cambridgeshire Police and Crime Commisssion |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Meeting and discussion in regards to crime policy implications of PADS+ |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Meeting with Deputy Director of the Home Office Strategy Policy Team |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom hosted a meeting with members of the Home Office, including Ivan Collister, the Deputy Director of the Home Office Strategic Policy Team, to discuss policy and crime prevention regarding juvenile offending. This furthered the dialogue between PADS+ and the Home Office. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Meeting with Home Office Representatives |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom hosted a workshop with policy-related delegates of the Home Office involving a presentation and discussion of PADS+ and situational action theory and implications for policy. This further substantiated links to the Home Office. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Meeting with senior practitioners and policy makers at the Home Office |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom met with senior practitioners and policy makers at the Home Office and discussed crime prevention implications of Situational Action Theory and PADS+ |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Meeting with the Prime Minister's Strategy Unit |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited the take part in a meeting held by the Prime Minister's Strategy Unit to discuss youth crime prevention. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | News report and appearance on BBC Breakfast |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Kyle Treiber was interviewed for a news report and appeared on BBC Breakfast following the publication of the book Breaking Rules. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Nottingham Police and Local Crime Prevention Partnership Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom held a lecture and attended a workshop on "Exploring and explaining young people's crime" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Presentation and meeting with Home Office Chief Economist and Director of Social Science and senior researchers |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom hosted a meeting with the Home Office Chief Economist and Director of Social Science and other Home Office Senior Researchers and gave a presentation on 'Situational action theory: Implications for policy and prevention'. This created new discussions about the implications of SAT and PADS+ research for crime policy. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | Presentation at All Souls College Oxford |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a talk on 'Explaining Crime as Moral Action' to students and researchers. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | Presentation at Oundle School |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Kyle Treiber gave a presentation on 'PADS+ methods and findings' to A Level Psychology students at Oundle School. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | Presentation at South Downs College Hampshire |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Beth Hardie was invited to give a presentation on 'The role of social disadvantage in crime causation' at a workshop for A-level forensic psychology students at South Downs College, Hampshire, UK. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Presentation at a working party of the National Institute of Justice, Washington DC |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation on 'Community processes and crime' at a working party at the National Institute of Justice in Washington DC. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Presentation at the 2030 Vision for Cambridge workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation on 'Social cohesion' at this workshop for the '2030 Vision for Cambridge'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Presentation at the City of Stockholm Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation on 'Youth crime: Its causes and prevention'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Presentation at the Joint Home Office and Ministry of Justice Academic Roundtable Event |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation at this roundtable event for national experts in prevention and policy on 'The role of the state versus the individual'. He then met with John Elliott, Home Office Chief Economist and Director of Social Science, and Senior Home Office Researchers Robert Street and Amanda White to discuss situational action theory and its implications for policy and prevention. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | Presentation at the Youth Justice Convention |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation on 'Preventing young people's crime' to delegates at the Annual Youth Justice Convention, which welcomed delegates from Youth Offending Teams, the Youth Justice Board, the police, local authorities, young offender institutions, probation services and other key stakeholders. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | Presentation for A level forensic psycology students |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Beth Hardie held a presentation for A level students titled "Exploring and Explaining the causes of young people's crime |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Presentation to A-level students at Highfields School |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Kyle Treiber gave an invited talk to A-Level Psychology students at Highfields School, Herfordshire, UK on 'PADS+ and social disadvantage'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2010 |
| Description | Presentation to A-level students in Cirencester |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Beth Hardie gave a presentation on 'The role of social disadvantage in crime causation' to A-level forensic psychology students in Cirencester. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Presentation to GO East Deputy Regional Director |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation to GO (Government Office) East Deputy Regional Director. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | Presentations at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PADS+ researchers and post graduate students organized thematic panels, often with international colleagues and collaborators, showcasing theoretical and empirical work from PADS+ and related studies. The ASC is the largest criminological conference and these panels, which usually feature leading theorists and researchers, attract large audiences and forge contacts with new collaborators and interested scholars. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016 |
| Description | Presentations at the European Society of Criminology Annual Meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PADS+ researchers and post graduate students organized thematic panels, often with international colleagues and collaborators, showcasing theoretical and empirical work from PADS+ and related studies. These panels attract large audiences and forge contacts with new collaborators and interested researchers. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2007,2008,2009,2010,2013,2014,2015 |
| Description | Presentations at the Stockholm Criminology Symposium |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PADS+ researchers and post graduate students organized thematic panels, often with international colleagues and collaborators, showcasing theoretical and empirical work from PADS+ and related studies. These panels attract large audiences and forge contacts with new collaborators and interested researchers. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2011,2012,2014,2015 |
| Description | Public lecture at University of Munster |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a public lecture on 'What drives persistent criminality?'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | Public lecture at the University of Orebro |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a public lecture on 'Causes of crime and crime prevention.' |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | South Cambridgeshire Youth Panel |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited to present key findings from PADS+ |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Training workshop for SPAN and SPMAD fieldwork staff |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Beth Hardie and Neema Trivedi provided training to researchers replicating PADS+ methods, particularly the innovative space-time budget method, in the Study of Peers, Activities and Neighbourhoods (SPAN) in the Hague and the Slovenian Study of Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Delinquency (SPMAD) in Ljubljana. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | Workshop and invited lecture at the Universidad Nacional de Madrid |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom attended a workshop and gave an invited lecture on 'Do people obey the law because they fear the consequences?'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | Workshop at the Institute for Future Studies Stockholm |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation on 'Exploring social and situational dynamics of crime'. This initiated a collaboration with mathematicians modelling complex social behaviours who can perform advanced analyses using space-time budget data. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Workshop for EU Crime Prevention Network |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom gave a presentation at this expert workshop in Brussels on 'Local cooperation in youth crime prevention: Identifying (criteria for) good practice'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Workshop held by UKBORDERS and the Census Dissemination Unit |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Beth Hardie attended a workshop introducing digitised boundary datasets, Postcode Data Selector, the National Statistics Postcode Directory, Casweb and the GeoConvert tool from the Census Dissemination Unit. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009 |
| Description | Workshop on criminal decision making in Leiden |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Kyle Treiber presented situational action theory at this series of workshops which looked at 'The role of affect in criminal decision making' and implications for the traditional models of criminal decision making, such as rational choice. This introduced situational action theory to leading experts on criminal decision making and sparked discussion about future developments in the understanding of criminal decision making and implications for prevention. An edited volume was produced in 2013. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Workshop with Cambridge Labour Party |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited to give a presentation on 'Morality and the London riots'. This created dialogue with policymakers on the roots of this extreme incident. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Workshop with Youth Justice Board on assessment tools |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | PI Wikstrom was invited to attend this workshop for the Working Group on Assessment Tools. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Young People and Crime Day Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | The PADS+ research team hosted a day conference for professionals from relevant social agencies in Peterborough, including schools, the police, social services, the Peterborough City Council, the Local Educational Authority, etc. PI Wikstrom presented the aims and key findings of the PADS+ study and implications for practice. This inspired engagement with the study, received positive feedback, and laid the groundwork for future interactions. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2008 |
| Description | Youth Justice Board advisory meeting on ASSETPlus |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Dr Treiber attended the Youth Justice Board advisory meeting on their new assessment strategy, ASSETplus. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |