Nanofluidic Energy Absorption of Metal-Organic Frameworks
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Birmingham
Department Name: Mechanical Engineering
Abstract
Smart materials possessing efficient and controllable energy absorption characteristics are a critical step forward in the engineering of next-generation protection technologies against impact, vibration, and blast. For instance, such materials technology can provide soldiers and police with body armours or bomb suits that offer better protection than ever before. Similarly, it can prevent human body injuries in sports and vehicle crashes, or enhance comfort and reduce maintenance costs used as vibration-proof damping materials.
However, in order to design protection systems, engineers currently only have a very limited toolbox based on energy absorption mechanisms developed decades ago, such as plastic deformation of materials, buckling of structures, polymer damping, etc. These mechanisms are useful but have important intrinsic limitations in energy absorption density (i.e. capacity per unit mass), response rate, and most of them cannot be reused or controlled to cope with varying loading conditions. These hinder the delivery of the full potential of energy absorption for the benefit of society. The recent rise of nanoscience has allowed novel approaches to be developed and exciting new performances to be imagined for the first time.
The objective of the fellowship is to lay the foundations of a new era in energy absorption and protection systems by leveraging a multidisciplinary approach engaging the nanoscale material chemistry and physics. The underpinning novelty is to exploit a fundamentally new energy absorption phenomenon through the process of mechanically squeezing non-wetting liquid into extremely small spaces in a controllable way. These spaces will be made so small that the liquid, for example, water, must split into water molecules to be able to enter and flow inside, and therefore a substantial amount of mechanical energy can be absorbed during this process. A sponge-like porous material called Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) will be used which provides these kinds of small pores. Their pore size is at the nanoscale, i.e. one-billionth of a metre, comparable to the size of water or other liquid molecules.
The idea is ground-breaking as it has the potential to lift the current major limitations of energy absorption systems, e.g. to achieve unprecedented efficiency, reusability, and controllability. One can design the nanoscale liquid intrusion and extrusion behaviours to achieve desired performances such as reusability, or even control their performance in real-time by applying external stimuli: rather than simply being a passive shield, it can provide protection that is customized for different situations and individual's body conditions.
The applicant has developed novel experimental techniques to apply and measure sudden shocks onto the system that replicate those experienced in practical impact, which also allows in-situ material characterisation and the application of physical stimuli. With experiments on material systems of different structures and properties, the fellowship aims to fully understand how liquid molecules transport under intensive pressure waves inside MOFs as a flexible and controllable nanoconfinement. It has the potential to revolutionize energy absorption materials and enhance our knowledge of MOF mechanics and nanofluidics. This will in turn benefit many sectors of engineering and society in the long term.
However, in order to design protection systems, engineers currently only have a very limited toolbox based on energy absorption mechanisms developed decades ago, such as plastic deformation of materials, buckling of structures, polymer damping, etc. These mechanisms are useful but have important intrinsic limitations in energy absorption density (i.e. capacity per unit mass), response rate, and most of them cannot be reused or controlled to cope with varying loading conditions. These hinder the delivery of the full potential of energy absorption for the benefit of society. The recent rise of nanoscience has allowed novel approaches to be developed and exciting new performances to be imagined for the first time.
The objective of the fellowship is to lay the foundations of a new era in energy absorption and protection systems by leveraging a multidisciplinary approach engaging the nanoscale material chemistry and physics. The underpinning novelty is to exploit a fundamentally new energy absorption phenomenon through the process of mechanically squeezing non-wetting liquid into extremely small spaces in a controllable way. These spaces will be made so small that the liquid, for example, water, must split into water molecules to be able to enter and flow inside, and therefore a substantial amount of mechanical energy can be absorbed during this process. A sponge-like porous material called Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) will be used which provides these kinds of small pores. Their pore size is at the nanoscale, i.e. one-billionth of a metre, comparable to the size of water or other liquid molecules.
The idea is ground-breaking as it has the potential to lift the current major limitations of energy absorption systems, e.g. to achieve unprecedented efficiency, reusability, and controllability. One can design the nanoscale liquid intrusion and extrusion behaviours to achieve desired performances such as reusability, or even control their performance in real-time by applying external stimuli: rather than simply being a passive shield, it can provide protection that is customized for different situations and individual's body conditions.
The applicant has developed novel experimental techniques to apply and measure sudden shocks onto the system that replicate those experienced in practical impact, which also allows in-situ material characterisation and the application of physical stimuli. With experiments on material systems of different structures and properties, the fellowship aims to fully understand how liquid molecules transport under intensive pressure waves inside MOFs as a flexible and controllable nanoconfinement. It has the potential to revolutionize energy absorption materials and enhance our knowledge of MOF mechanics and nanofluidics. This will in turn benefit many sectors of engineering and society in the long term.
Organisations
- University of Birmingham (Lead Research Organisation)
- UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD (Project Partner)
- Regents of the Univ California Berkeley (Project Partner)
- CARDIFF UNIVERSITY (Project Partner)
- Ghent University (Project Partner)
- QinetiQ (Project Partner)
- China Auto Eng Res Inst Co Ltd (Project Partner)
- Johnson Matthey (Project Partner)
Publications

Lai B
(2023)
Liquids with High Compressibility.
in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
Description | Crucible Grant |
Amount | £5,775 (GBP) |
Organisation | United Kingdom Research and Innovation |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2023 |
End | 10/2023 |
Description | Studentship |
Amount | £81,669 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Birmingham |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2023 |
End | 03/2027 |
Description | Lab visit |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | We organised a lab and campus tour for a group of students from another university who were mostly undergraduate students from around 10 different disciplines, we introduced our research on nanofluidic energy absorption of nanoporous materials, from the concept and experimental techniques to potential application and impact, which sparked lots of questions and discussions, including some discussions on research culture in different institutions and places. The feedback from the group lead wrote that students enjoyed the visit and were particularly attracted by this new area of topic. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Workshop on Research Translation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | We organised a workshop funded by the FLF Development Network, with the aim of better understanding the factors that influence the translation of research. It was a two-day event held at the University of Birmingham, joined by a group of academic and business hosted FLFs who were at different stages in their translational journeys and different disciplines, a diverse group of invited speakers with a mixed academic-industrial background sharing their experience of translating research via different routes and in different environments highlighting the skills, resource, and support needed and best practices for early career researchers, as well as representatives from institutions, UKRI, and the FLF Development Network exchanging their perspectives on the support and environment that may enable the key components for translating university research into the impact on the real world. The interdisciplinarity of the workshop means that we recognised the breadth of the concept and approaches of research translation which may vary in different research disciplines. The workshop served as an input to the Commercialisation & Translation Toolkit that the FLF Development Network created, which is a set of resources that address some shared challenges on the individual journeys of research translations for researchers. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.flfdevnet.com/2023/04/10/unpicking-the-translational-journey-a-multidisciplinary-reflect... |