Secure Underground Caverns as an Energy Storage Solution (SUCcESS)
Lead Research Organisation:
British Geological Survey
Department Name: Minerals & Waste
Abstract
The SUCcESS project will deliver a roadmap outlining how BUL could be developed as a center for in-situ research on halite behaviour, which is relevant to support the development of solution-mined caverns required for gas storage to support the UK net-zero energy ambitions. The evidence base to support the roadmap development will be informed by stakeholders (industry, academia, regulatory) with a working interest in research associated with halite geology and cavern storage. This roadmap will be supplemented by a review of existing data and newly acquired data that characterizes the baseline geological conditions at the facility. This will give an excellent support resource from which new projects can build.
Renewable energies provide a clean alternative to power the UK but generation is often unmatched to demand. This, coupled with the need to ensure energy security, will necessitate an increase in grid-scale storage. Gas storage (compressed air (CAES) or hydrogen (CHGS)), working alongside renewable energies, provides near instantaneous electricity on the grid-scale, adding capacity and removing intermittency, and facilitating the use of renewables for baseload energy production. CAES and CHGS systems store compressed gas in large bodies using excess energy generated at off-peak times, releasing it as required to produce electricity. This has important implications for 1) the UK's commitment to decarbonise by reducing CO2 outputs from burning fossil fuels; 2) improving UK resource security by enabling UK renewables; 3) supporting the development of a viable UK-based hydrogen economy; 4) providing the opportunity to put the UK at the forefront of research and innovation in these emergent technologies. Halite has been successfully used for natural gas storage for decades, but existing facilities offer limited storage capacity compared to requirements for industrial power generation. Unlike natural gas storage, CAES and CHGS experience rapid withdrawal and refilling cycles with corresponding rapid pressure and temperature changes; this can lead to material cracking and failure. To generate an adequate knowledge base in fast-cycling cavern pressurisation for energy storage, an in-situ testing facility is the only realistic way to accomplish this. The three integrated activities of the SUCcESS project will provide Boulby Underground Laboratory (BUL) and STFC with the expertise to deliver infrastructure and capability in this research field:
A1: Stakeholder engagement- Host a series of structured and targeted stakeholder engagement workshops to create an experts' network and establish a knowledge base to develop and direct future applied geosciences and geo-energy research at BUL. Promote the facility to the wider geoscience community.
A2: Data discovery and In-situ pilot testing- Establish what geoscience data already exists that would be useful in the creation of a geo-energy research facility, highlighting the relevant knowledge already in the public domain and avoiding duplication of cost and effort. Augment the data discovery with a few specific and well-defined pilot tests to confirm the feasibility of BUL to host geo-energy research.
A3: Knowledge transfer- Engage with staff at BUL to aid the underground facility development. This will be required to enable the delivery of projects utilizing the subsurface and will take account of the complete geological system (volume of rock available to test, geochemistry, engineering geology, access to bedrock sections in walls, roof and floor).
The culmination of SUCcESS will be a roadmap detailing potential research themes that optimise the geological environment available at BUL for geo-energy research to align with the UK government's net-zero agenda. The stakeholder workshops in A1 will distill the important research themes that will frame the roadmap. Each research theme will comprise a series of potential projects that could be developed in BUL as the facility develops.
Renewable energies provide a clean alternative to power the UK but generation is often unmatched to demand. This, coupled with the need to ensure energy security, will necessitate an increase in grid-scale storage. Gas storage (compressed air (CAES) or hydrogen (CHGS)), working alongside renewable energies, provides near instantaneous electricity on the grid-scale, adding capacity and removing intermittency, and facilitating the use of renewables for baseload energy production. CAES and CHGS systems store compressed gas in large bodies using excess energy generated at off-peak times, releasing it as required to produce electricity. This has important implications for 1) the UK's commitment to decarbonise by reducing CO2 outputs from burning fossil fuels; 2) improving UK resource security by enabling UK renewables; 3) supporting the development of a viable UK-based hydrogen economy; 4) providing the opportunity to put the UK at the forefront of research and innovation in these emergent technologies. Halite has been successfully used for natural gas storage for decades, but existing facilities offer limited storage capacity compared to requirements for industrial power generation. Unlike natural gas storage, CAES and CHGS experience rapid withdrawal and refilling cycles with corresponding rapid pressure and temperature changes; this can lead to material cracking and failure. To generate an adequate knowledge base in fast-cycling cavern pressurisation for energy storage, an in-situ testing facility is the only realistic way to accomplish this. The three integrated activities of the SUCcESS project will provide Boulby Underground Laboratory (BUL) and STFC with the expertise to deliver infrastructure and capability in this research field:
A1: Stakeholder engagement- Host a series of structured and targeted stakeholder engagement workshops to create an experts' network and establish a knowledge base to develop and direct future applied geosciences and geo-energy research at BUL. Promote the facility to the wider geoscience community.
A2: Data discovery and In-situ pilot testing- Establish what geoscience data already exists that would be useful in the creation of a geo-energy research facility, highlighting the relevant knowledge already in the public domain and avoiding duplication of cost and effort. Augment the data discovery with a few specific and well-defined pilot tests to confirm the feasibility of BUL to host geo-energy research.
A3: Knowledge transfer- Engage with staff at BUL to aid the underground facility development. This will be required to enable the delivery of projects utilizing the subsurface and will take account of the complete geological system (volume of rock available to test, geochemistry, engineering geology, access to bedrock sections in walls, roof and floor).
The culmination of SUCcESS will be a roadmap detailing potential research themes that optimise the geological environment available at BUL for geo-energy research to align with the UK government's net-zero agenda. The stakeholder workshops in A1 will distill the important research themes that will frame the roadmap. Each research theme will comprise a series of potential projects that could be developed in BUL as the facility develops.