EPSRC Manufacturing Research Hub in Robotics, Automation & Smart Machine Enabled Sustainable Circular Manufacturing & Materials (RESCu-M2)
Lead Research Organisation:
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
Department Name: Mechanical Engineering
Abstract
The Circular Economy requirements and sustainability goals have been set out by the UK government and the United Nations to address the climate crisis and maintain our standard of living. The environmental impact from the global consumption of engineering materials is expected to double in the next forty years (OECD: Global Material Recourses to 2060, 2018), while annual waste generation is projected to increase by 70% by 2050 (World Bank What a Waste 2.0 report, 2018). A radical departure from traditional forward manufacturing is needed that no longer exclusively focuses on the original manufacturing process and the end of life dispose of manufactured products, parts, and materials. Processes are needed that will significantly prolong the useful life of engineering and especially critical materials (minerals with high economic vulnerability and high global supply risk e.g. rare earth elements for batteries, magnets and medical devices) by increasing the effectiveness of reuse, repurpose, repair, remanufacture, and recycle (Re-X) manufacturing processes. These Re-X processes are currently 3-6 times more labour intensive than traditional manufacturing processes. They are often not economic resulting in many engineering materials being disposed on landfill sites, degraded, or incinerated. UK businesses could benefit by up to £23 billion per year through low cost or no cost improvements in the efficient use of resources.
The vision of this hub is to pursue an integrated, holistic approach toward creating a new manufacturing ecosystem for circular resource use of high value products through advances in AI and intelligent automation, empowering the UK to be a world leader in circular manufacturing.
To deliver this ambition the hub will focused on two grand challenges:
GC1: Radically transform the sustainable use of critical materials. (Goal: >75% Critical components reuse; >20% critical material use decrease; >50% component reclaim increase).
GC2: Radically improve the productivity of Re-X manufacturing processes on par with or exceeding traditional forward manufacturing processes (Goal: >10 times improvement).
To address these, the hub will establish a truly interdisciplinary team cutting across Manufacturing, Robotics, AI and Automation, Materials Science, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Economics, and Life Cycle Assessment.?The hub will focus on three major fronts: Research excellence, community building and user engagement.
The new research required to address the grand challenges and overcome the barriers and limitations preventing the transition to a truly circular manufacturing ecosystem will investigate:
- New smart processes for disassembly, remanufacturing, separation, and recovery of critical products, components, and ultimately materials.
- New sensing and analysis processes to track and determine the state of critical materials throughout their life.
- New design methodologies for circular manufacturing.
- New testing and validation methods to certify the remaining useful life of crucial products, components, and materials.
- New circular Re-X business models.
Our research programme will enable rapid scale up of Robotics and AI solutions that are compatible with sector practice, extensible via modular design, and can be repurposed initially in four flagship sector scenarios: energy, medical devices, electric drives, and large structures. Consequently, this Hub will directly address the 80% of the environmental impact of high-value products (Circular Economy Action Plan, European Union, 2020), and save more than 8M tonnes of CO2 emissions annually (HM Government Building our Industrial Strategy report, 2017).
The vision of this hub is to pursue an integrated, holistic approach toward creating a new manufacturing ecosystem for circular resource use of high value products through advances in AI and intelligent automation, empowering the UK to be a world leader in circular manufacturing.
To deliver this ambition the hub will focused on two grand challenges:
GC1: Radically transform the sustainable use of critical materials. (Goal: >75% Critical components reuse; >20% critical material use decrease; >50% component reclaim increase).
GC2: Radically improve the productivity of Re-X manufacturing processes on par with or exceeding traditional forward manufacturing processes (Goal: >10 times improvement).
To address these, the hub will establish a truly interdisciplinary team cutting across Manufacturing, Robotics, AI and Automation, Materials Science, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Economics, and Life Cycle Assessment.?The hub will focus on three major fronts: Research excellence, community building and user engagement.
The new research required to address the grand challenges and overcome the barriers and limitations preventing the transition to a truly circular manufacturing ecosystem will investigate:
- New smart processes for disassembly, remanufacturing, separation, and recovery of critical products, components, and ultimately materials.
- New sensing and analysis processes to track and determine the state of critical materials throughout their life.
- New design methodologies for circular manufacturing.
- New testing and validation methods to certify the remaining useful life of crucial products, components, and materials.
- New circular Re-X business models.
Our research programme will enable rapid scale up of Robotics and AI solutions that are compatible with sector practice, extensible via modular design, and can be repurposed initially in four flagship sector scenarios: energy, medical devices, electric drives, and large structures. Consequently, this Hub will directly address the 80% of the environmental impact of high-value products (Circular Economy Action Plan, European Union, 2020), and save more than 8M tonnes of CO2 emissions annually (HM Government Building our Industrial Strategy report, 2017).
Organisations
- UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM (Lead Research Organisation)
- University of Ibadan (Collaboration)
- Brighton & Hove City Council (Collaboration)
- ELECTROFIT INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS (EIS) (Project Partner)
- WEST MIDLANDS COMBINED AUTHORITY (Project Partner)
- Oakdene Hollins Ltd (Project Partner)
- Airbus Group Limited(Airbus Group Ltd) (Project Partner)
- Mkango Resources Limited (Project Partner)
- Brighton & Hove Chamber of Commerce (Project Partner)
- Health and Safety Executive (Project Partner)
- Kuka Ltd (Project Partner)
- University of Birmingham Enterprise Ltd (Project Partner)
- West Yorkshire Combined Authority (Project Partner)
- B-ON (Project Partner)
- AMDR (Project Partner)
- Tyseley Energy Park Limited (Project Partner)
- Vanguard AG (Project Partner)
- Bouygues E&S UK Limited (Project Partner)
- Specialist Computer Centres Ltd (SCC) (Project Partner)
- CeeD (Ctr for Eng, Education and Dev) (Project Partner)
- Green Angel Syndicate (Project Partner)
- Ecoshred Ltd (Project Partner)
- UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS BIRMINGHAM NHS FOUNDATION TRUST (Project Partner)
- Rochdale Development Agency (Project Partner)
- Siemens plc (UK) (Project Partner)
- Toshiba Europe UK Limited (Project Partner)
- Zero Waste Scotland (Project Partner)
- Mackie Automatic & Manual Transmissions (Project Partner)
- Clean Growth UK (Project Partner)
- Rotary Engineering UK Ltd (Project Partner)
- European Metal Recycling (EMR) (Project Partner)
- Environcom England Ltd (Project Partner)
- The Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) (Project Partner)
- Inovo Robotics (Project Partner)
- ZF Automotive UK Limited (Project Partner)
- Siemens Healthcare (Healthineers) Ltd (Project Partner)
Publications
Chen X
(2026)
Innovative Design of Aerostatic Bearings with Enhanced Dynamic Stability Inspired by the Laval Nozzle Principle.
in Nanomanufacturing and metrology
Deng W
(2025)
Learning from new products: A robust end-of-life object detection model for robotic disassembly using the dual constraints of anchors and corners
in Journal of Cleaner Production
Gbadebo A
(2026)
Digital Twin with Model Predictive Control for Screw Unfastening by Robots
in Automation
Huang J
(2026)
Robotic disassembly of snap-fit plug connectors in end-of-life electric vehicle batteries
in Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
Khosravi A
(2026)
First-principles mechanism of TDMAH adsorption on pristine and laser-functionalized graphene toward area-selective atomic layer deposition of HfO2
in Applied Surface Science
Liang C
(2025)
An experimental robotic cell for the disassembly of electric vehicle battery modules
in Journal of Remanufacturing
Puthanveettil Madathil A
(2025)
A review of explainable artificial intelligence in smart manufacturing
in International Journal of Production Research
Richardson RC
(2025)
Why Doesn't the UK Make More Robots?
S. Nefti-Meziani
(2025)
RESCu-M2 - Annual Report 2025
Yang H
(2026)
Decentralised task planning and motion coordination for scalable multi-robot collaborative manufacturing
in Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
| Description | 2025 National Strategy for Smart Machines |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| URL | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/smart-machines-strategy-2035 |
| Description | Case study reference in APMG Inquiry report "SME manufacturing for Industrial Strategy" |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
| Description | DSIT workshop "Mapping UK capability for robotics technology" |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Description | Invest 2035 industrial strategy. |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| URL | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/670d394f3b919067bb48310c/invest-2035-the-uks-modern_i... |
| Description | Ongoing attendance and contribution to APPG on Critical Minerals |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Impact | Attendance and contribution to APPG on Critical Minerals |
| URL | https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7272632681148858368 |
| Description | Skills Development for UK Critical Minerals Workshop |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Impact | The workshop was co sponsored by the Department for Business and Trade and feeds in to their planning around the UK's Skills and Training needs in the Critical materials space. |
| Description | Space: 2075 |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| URL | https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/space2075/space-2075-report.pdf |
| Description | Additional Funding - EPSRC Manufacturing Research Hub in Robotics, Automation & Smart Machine Enabled Sustainable Circular Manufacturing & Materials (RESCu-M2) |
| Amount | £250,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 11/2025 |
| End | 10/2026 |
| Description | Co-AIMS: Research Hub on Collaborative AI for Manufacturing Sustainability |
| Amount | £12,073,176 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2025 |
| End | 10/2032 |
| Description | Integrated Intelligent Safe Environment Phase 2 |
| Amount | £400,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Sellafield Ltd |
| Sector | Private |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 11/2025 |
| End | 03/2029 |
| Description | Ijomah W - Senior special Adviser on re-manufacturing to the Nigerian Society of engineer (NSE), Oluytole, Ibadan |
| Organisation | University of Ibadan |
| Country | Nigeria |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Remanufacture advisor/ Visiting professor in remanufacturing for the University of Ibadan, Nigeria |
| Collaborator Contribution | Remanufacture advisor/ Visiting professor in remanufacturing for the University of Ibadan, Nigeria |
| Impact | June 2025: Senior special Adviser on re-manufacturing to the Nigerian Society of engineer (NSE), Oluytole, Ibadan, which has over 5000 members. (b) Remanufacture advisor/ Visiting professor in remanufacturing for the University of Ibadan, Nigeria |
| Start Year | 2025 |
| Description | Ijomah WL - International appointment - advisor in remanufacturing to the University of Ibadan |
| Organisation | University of Ibadan |
| Country | Nigeria |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | August 2025: Became advisor in remanufacturing to the University of Ibadan. The University of Ibadan is the oldest and one of the top universities in Nigeria and has in excess of 41,000 students. My role is to assist them to build up remanufacturing capacity as they seek to integrate remanufacturing in education curricular, particularly of engineers. |
| Collaborator Contribution | August 2025: Became advisor in remanufacturing to the University of Ibadan. The University of Ibadan is the oldest and one of the top universities in Nigeria and has in excess of 41,000 students. My role is to assist them to build up remanufacturing capacity as they seek to integrate remanufacturing in education curricular, particularly of engineers. |
| Impact | With some support, they university will be able to build up remanufacturing capacity as they seek to integrate remanufacturing in education curricular, particularly of engineers. |
| Start Year | 2025 |
| Description | South East spoke of RESCuM2 |
| Organisation | Brighton & Hove City Council |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Organised two workshops with key stakeholders in the South East region regarding the vision and activities of the South East spoke of the RESCuM2 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Participated the two workshops organised by the University of Brighton and various follow-up meetings to discuss the mechanism for collaboration and how RESCuM2 could contribute to the council's Circular Economy Action Plan. |
| Impact | The South East spoke of RESCuM2, also known as the catalyst for remanufacturing in the South East, which has been invited as a delivery partner for the council's 2030 circular economy action plan |
| Start Year | 2025 |
| Description | Critical materials: a rich interdisciplinary Nexus of research opportunity |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | An interdisciplinary forum to explore future collaborative research opportunities at the University of Birmingham in Critical Materials. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| Description | D2N+ Network Dissemination and Workshop Event - Strathclyde 2025 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | This was a EPSRC Network+ 'Digital Design Network Plus' worshop and desimmination event to showcase their first case study and to outline the next case study based around 'End-of'Life (EoL) disassembly and Re-X of electric motors (EM). This was an opportunity to outline our research and Theme 1 activity around Digital Product Passports and present to a design audience and try and engage in discussion and possible collaboration on how this new digital tool could be useful for designers. We have also engaged in relation to helping out with case study 2, and how our RESCuM2 hub can offer support and guidance for EoL challnges in EM |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2026 |
| Description | Ijomah WL "Platform to Enable Rapid, Easy and Inexpensive Environmental Impacts Assessment" ReMake showcase, National Manufacturing Institute Scotland, (NMIS), Renfrew, 24/04/2025. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Ijomah WL "Platform to Enable Rapid, Easy and Inexpensive Environmental Impacts Assessment" ReMake showcase, National Manufacturing Institute Scotland, (NMIS), Renfrew, 24/04/2025. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://www.nmis.scot/what-we-do/collaborative-projects/remake/ |
| Description | Ijomah, WL - Masterclass on Re-X processes and Ecodesign for Rematec Remanufacturing Masterclass Rematec Exhibition 8-9 April 2025, Amsterdam |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Masterclass on Re-X processes and Ecodesign for Rematec Remanufacturing Masterclass Rematec Exhibition 8-9 April 2025, Amsterdam. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://www.rematec.com/amsterdam/programme |
| Description | Launch of UoB Magnet Recycling Facility |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Ministerial launch of the DR funded UoB Magnet Recycling Facility, the first sintered magnet production in the UK in 25 years. 200 attendees from international industry, policy makers, government Opening by Hon. Chris McDonald and associated media reach of approximately 365M people. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2026 |
| URL | https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/2026/world-leading-rare-earth-magnet-recycling-facility-launches-i... |
| Description | STEM/ EDI activity at Career fair for St Nicholas Primary School, Bearsden |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | STEM/ EDI activity at Career fair for St Nicholas Primary School, Bearsden on 8th May 2025 to encourage school pupils, particularly girls into STEM subjects by describing my work and the enjoyment and fun that it often brings. This also involved speaking about the RESCU-M project in regards to what Re-X processes are, their importance and work enhance them. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| Description | UKOMAIN - Third Workshop on Multimodal AI - London September 2025 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of RESCuM hub research to a wide audience of academic, policy and industrial members. The goal was to draw attention to the hub and its research and gather future collaborations from attendees in the sectors (aerospace, energy, renewables etc) in attendance. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
