Non-destructive examination (NDE) of composite to steel joints for in-build and through life condition monitoring in the marine environment.
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Southampton
Department Name: Faculty of Engineering & the Environment
Abstract
A number of composite to steel joint geometries have been developed for use in ship structures to enable, for example, incorporation of large composite superstructures onto steel hulls. In practice, these joints could be up to 100m or more in length. The ability to ascertain the condition of such joints both at build and through the vessel life is critical to the adoption of composite structures in such hybrid arrangements.
Some joint geometries are amenable to inspection by existing techniques such as thermography or ultrasonic inspection. These typically consist of composite material overlaying a steel substrate. Higher joint strengths have been achieved using geometries where the composite part is bonded into a steel channel and externally over-laminated. These geometries have proved to be incompatible with established non-destructive examination techniques.
The project seeks to identify and develop a method of validating the integrity of a composite to steel joint both at build and through life where the joint includes bond surfaces masked from conventional non-destructive examination (NDE) methods by a steel component. The method developed will be practical for use in an industrial environment including on external ship surfaces.
The project offers an opportunity to develop current state of the art non-destructive evaluation technologies to reveal hitherto hidden defects. The project will address the feasibility of applying novel infra-red/UT approaches to such geometries and establish their usefulness particularly in the construction stage. To reveal the hidden defects a novel sensor system must be developed. A system based on embedded sensors/actuators will be explored to probe deep into the structure and assess any degradation of the joint. It is essential that such a system has minimum impact on the joint integrity and a key part of the project will be to establish the failure envelop of joints with and without the integrated system.
The successful candidate for the PhD will ideally have a strong background in mechanics of composite material and be aware of techniques that are currently in used for condition monitoring and NDE on in service structures such as ships, aircraft, bridges and off-shore structure.
Some joint geometries are amenable to inspection by existing techniques such as thermography or ultrasonic inspection. These typically consist of composite material overlaying a steel substrate. Higher joint strengths have been achieved using geometries where the composite part is bonded into a steel channel and externally over-laminated. These geometries have proved to be incompatible with established non-destructive examination techniques.
The project seeks to identify and develop a method of validating the integrity of a composite to steel joint both at build and through life where the joint includes bond surfaces masked from conventional non-destructive examination (NDE) methods by a steel component. The method developed will be practical for use in an industrial environment including on external ship surfaces.
The project offers an opportunity to develop current state of the art non-destructive evaluation technologies to reveal hitherto hidden defects. The project will address the feasibility of applying novel infra-red/UT approaches to such geometries and establish their usefulness particularly in the construction stage. To reveal the hidden defects a novel sensor system must be developed. A system based on embedded sensors/actuators will be explored to probe deep into the structure and assess any degradation of the joint. It is essential that such a system has minimum impact on the joint integrity and a key part of the project will be to establish the failure envelop of joints with and without the integrated system.
The successful candidate for the PhD will ideally have a strong background in mechanics of composite material and be aware of techniques that are currently in used for condition monitoring and NDE on in service structures such as ships, aircraft, bridges and off-shore structure.
Organisations
- University of Southampton (Lead Research Organisation)
- BMT Group (Collaboration)
- MTS Systems Corporation (Collaboration)
- Royal National Lifeboat Institution (Collaboration)
- National Physical Laboratory (Collaboration)
- Lloyd's Register Foundation (Collaboration)
- LaVision GmbH (Collaboration)
- Airbus Group (Collaboration)
- National Composites Centre (NCC) (Collaboration)
- Siemens AG (Collaboration)
- EDF Energy (United Kingdom) (Collaboration)
- Shell International Petroleum (Collaboration)
- Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult (Collaboration)
- Photon Lines (Collaboration)
- BAE Systems (United Kingdom) (Collaboration, Student Project Partner)
- Arup Group (Collaboration)
- University of Bristol (Collaboration)
- Network Rail (Collaboration)
People |
ORCID iD |
| Janice Barton (Primary Supervisor) | |
| Geir Olafsson (Student) |
Publications
Olafsson, G.
(2020)
Assessing composite joints on ships
in Materials World
Ólafsson G
(2019)
Improving the probing depth of thermographic inspections of polymer composite materials
in Measurement Science and Technology
Ólafsson G
(2021)
Development of an integrated sacrificial sensor for damage detection and monitoring in composite materials and adhesively bonded joints
in Structural Health Monitoring
Ólafsson G
(2017)
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Interfacial Defects in Sandwich Structures
Ólafsson G
(2018)
Processing of Pulse Thermography Data for Improved Probing Depth
Studentship Projects
| Project Reference | Relationship | Related To | Start | End | Student Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP/N509358/1 | 01/10/2015 | 31/03/2021 | |||
| 1786410 | Studentship | EP/N509358/1 | 01/10/2016 | 31/01/2021 | Geir Olafsson |
| Description | Defect can occur in any material, but one type of material that is particularly effect and susceptible to defects is composite materials such as glass or carbon fibre reinforced polymers. These materials are a combination of two materials glass or carbon, mixed with a polymer. The material and component are manufactured simultaneously which make identifying material defects prior to component manufacture impossible. To identify such defects, components must be tested post manufacture. Similarly, these materials can become damaged during use, and therefore periodic inspections are important as defect result in reduced strength and stiffness. However the materials properties of most composite materials make non-destructive inspections using traditional techniques difficult. One type of inspection technique that works well with thin composites (less the 1 mm thick) is thermography. It is a technique that can both identify defects, and also provide an image, informing the user about the size and location of the defect. This is particularly useful as not all defects are critical, small defects in a regions outside of the load path may not be important. In thermography, heat is applied to a material, and a thermal imaging camera is used to inspect the surface of the component. The heat transfer through the material will be disrupted by defects, and it is possible to observe this using the thermal imaging camera. However, polymers are typically insulating materials and do not conduct heat well. Therefore for thicker materials, thermography is of limited use, as the heat simply cannot conduct deep enough into the component. Experimental error also plays a role in reducing the depth at which defects can be identified. The current research has extended to the depth at which defects are identified by compensating for the experimental error. A novel processing routine has been developed which improves probing depth from approximately 1 mm to 1.8 mm (in the material tested - Glass fibre reinforced with epoxy resin). This allows for easier, more accurate characterization and identification of defects. This allows thermography to be used to in greater number of applications, and improves the results in existing applications. The project however pertains to thicker laminates, and as such alternative defect/damage detection technologies were considered. To this end, a new type of damage/defect detection technology has been developed. This involves embedding a sacrificial sensor within a composite material, or a bonded joint. The concept relies on damage occurring to the sensor as the component (composite or bonded joint) becomes damaged. The sensor is continuously interrogated electronically, whereby the resistance of the sensor was seen to increase upon damage onset and further increases with increasing damage. It was also found during this interrogation process that the sensor produced a significant heat flux. This was exploited to adapt an existing thermographic technique, Lock-in Thermography (LIT). LIT traditionally involves heating a component externally in a known manner. As heat reaches the surface it begins to conduct into the component. Where there is damage, the heat is blocked, resulting in an elevated temperature at the damaged region. This hot spot can be seen using a thermal imaging camera which is set up to monitor the inspection surface. Because we know how the component was heated, we can use the input signal to the heater to filter out everything (noise, error, reflections etc) other than the thermal response due to heating. This allows for much better quality results, and allows us to see deeper into a component. On adaptation was to heat the component from within. This has two advantages, firstly the heating is very uniform, and the heat has to travel a shorter distance within the component. Instead of heat conducting from the surface which heat is applied, into the component, and back out to the surface where it is being monitored, it only has to conduct one way. This therefore doubles the probing depth of the technique. The other adaptation was to use open source hardware to control the heating. This significantly reduces the hardware costs associated with the technique. Lastly, the work demonstrated the use of a low cost mirco-bolometer thermal imaging cameras, over the traditional photon detectors. This reduces capital costs from approximately 100,000 GBP to around 300 GBP (orders of magnitude). Finally the work considered a method for full field pixel wise comparison between digital image correlation and numerical models. This enables the user to compare strain distributions and magnitudes across a field of view. This represents an advantage over classical approaches which typically use strain gauges to obtain point measurements at some pre-determined positions. This provides little information of the actual distribution of strain, but also could miss key features in the stress and strain fields and hence erroneously validate models. |
| Exploitation Route | The pulse thermography processing techniques developed can be used by anyone wishing to use thermography, but is of particular interest to those interested in thick composite materials. It is of interest to both academic and industrial groups. The sensor technology is in the process of being patented by BAE Systems (who fund the work) and could be commercially exploited, at their discretion. The demonstration of a low cost Lock-in thermography configuration could aid uptake of themrographic inspections in industry and further academic research. The validation of numerical models is important for industrial and academic engineers alike. The work outlines an approach making use of the rich full field data available from DIC experiments. |
| Sectors | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Energy,Environment,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Transport |
| Description | The findings of the work included proof of concept experiments which led to the submission of a patent application. The overall aim of applying for the patent is to implement this work in an industrial setting for inspection and continuous monitoring of a component in the marine environment. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2019 |
| Sector | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Transport |
| Impact Types | Economic |
| Title | Processing of thermographic data for improved probing depth |
| Description | Non-destructive inspections by Pulse Thermography (PT) of composite materials is limited in terms of the depth that a defect can be identified by the low thermal diffusivity of most polymeric composite materials. The current research project has developed a novel processing procedure which can extend to the depth at which defects are identified by compensating for errors present in the raw thermal data. The procedure first compensates for vignette effects by recording pre-flash frames which can be subtracted from the data set. Non-uniformity due to flash heating are then compensated by first evaluating the non-uniformity, and then reversing it. Temporal noise is reduced using an existing technique developed by Shepard et al, called thermal signal reconstruction. The result of this processing is significantly reduced spatial and temporal error, and improve defect characterization and identification. The technique was expanded to Pulse Phase Thermography (PPT), which is an existing processing technique developed by Maldague and Marinetti 1996. The technique uses PT data and applies a fast fourier transform (FFT) to obtain phase data in the frequency domain. The existing procedure does not include any pre-processing of data. The novel contribution of the current work is to combine the thermal processing described above with PPT to reduce non-uniformity and errors in the PPT phase data. In addition the current research proposes the use of windowing functions to reduce spectral leakage when using the FFT. This step is important when probing depth is of interest as spectral leakage can otherwise obscure defects in the data. |
| Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The processing method is published and can be used by anyone wishing to inspect thick composite materials. The methods described are of particular interest to other academic research groups, who may wish to use this processing technique to compensate for errors in data. It is also of interest to industry where the processing can be used to improve existing inspections or allow the inspection of components which cannot currently be assess with PT. |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | Airbus Group |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | Arup Group |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | BAE Systems |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | BMT Group |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | EDF Energy |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | LaVision GmbH |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | Lloyd's Register |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | MTS Systems Corporation |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | National Composites Centre (NCC) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | National Physical Laboratory |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | Network Rail Ltd |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | Photon Lines |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | Royal National Lifeboat Institution |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | Shell International Petroleum |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | STRUCTURES 2025: A HIGH FIDELITY, DATA RICH, PARADIGM FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING |
| Organisation | Siemens AG |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Preforming pre-demonstrator experiments and data processing which will be used to demonstrate how a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory - part of Structures 2025 project) can be used. Attendance to all Industrial Advisory Board meetings, presenting progress on demonstrators, and participating in discussions and breakout sessions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaborators have enabled the building of a new laboratory (National Infrastructure Laboratory). The industrial partners offer two key contributions, firstly they advise on industrial challenges which they are seeking to overcome. Secondly, they help ensure research is applicable to industry and industrial needs. Academic partners offer the opportunity for future collaborations, and secondments. |
| Impact | The completion of the National Infrastructure Laboratory. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | University of Bristol |
| Organisation | University of Bristol |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | The PhD student listed in this project (Geir Olafsson) is now a visiting student of the University of Bristol and is able to make use of their facilities and laboratories, helping to develop connections and networks with the university. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The PhD student listed in this project (Geir Olafsson) is now a visiting student of the University of Bristol and is able to make use of their facilities and laboratories. |
| Impact | N/A |
| Start Year | 2019 |