Using digital technologies to improve muscle health in Astronauts

The aim of this project is to use digital techniques to develop the mechanistic understanding of muscle atrophy in spaceflight. If left unabated, loss of muscle mass and performance in spaceflight poses a key risk to astronaut health and success in mission critical tasks. With ambitious plans for heterogenous populations of commercial passengers and long-duration voyages to Mars, there is an urgency to elucidate the underlying causes of muscle atrophy and uncover the role of individual differences. Outside of the spaceflight context, muscle atrophy is also a key issue for patients on Earth, who may experience atrophy due to different causes such as inactivity, ageing (Sarcopenia), and muscular dystrophy. Therefore, advancements in the mechanistic understanding of this atrophic response may inform the development of countermeasures for both patients on Earth and astronauts in space.

Techniques used in this project will include bioinformatics for interpreting biological "omics" data from studies, including human ground-based studies that are analogous of spaceflight and spaceflight studies using model organisms, such as rodents and worms. Additionally, advanced computer vision solutions will be developed to enable functional analyses of experiments, including an ISS experiment for investigating muscle strength in genetic mutant worms. Ultimately, functional measures will be combined with analysis of "omics" data, to establish causal relationships between the "omics" changes, and the physiological changes.

Additionally, this project will include other activities for furthering the development of biomedical spaceflight capabilities, including the development of the governing software for a biomedical CubeSat, and investigations into the privacy, ethical and legal issues of biological data usage in human spaceflight.

We will collaborate with over 40 partners drawn from across FMCG and Food; Creative Industries; Health and Wellbeing; Smart Mobility; Finance; Enabling technologies; and Policy, Law and Society. These will benefit from engagement with our CDT through the following established mechanisms:

- Training multi-disciplinary leaders. Our partners will benefit from being able to recruit highly skilled individuals who are able to work across technologies, methods and sectors and in multi-disciplinary teams. We will deliver at least 65 skilled PhD graduates into the Digital Economy.

- Internships. Each Horizon student undertakes at least one industry internship or exchange at an external partner. These internships have a benefit to the student in developing their appreciation of the relevance of their PhD to the external societal and industrial context, and have a benefit to the external partner through engagement with our students and their multidisciplinary skill sets combined with an ability to help innovate new ideas and approaches with minimal long-term risk. Internships are a compulsory part of our programme, taking place in the summer of the first year. We will deliver at least 65 internships with partners.

- Industry-led challenge projects. Each student participates in an industry-led group project in their second year. Our partners benefit from being able to commission focused research projects to help them answer a challenge that they could not normally fund from their core resources. We will deliver at least 15 such projects (3 a year) throughout the lifetime of the CDT.

- Industry-relevant PhD projects. Each student delivers a PhD thesis project in collaboration with at least one external partner who benefits from being able to engage in longer-term and deeper research that they would not normally be able to undertake, especially for those who do not have their own dedicated R&D labs. We will deliver at least 65 such PhDs over the lifetime of this CDT renewal.

- Public engagement. All students receive training in public engagement and learn to communicate their findings through press releases, media coverage.

This proposal introduces two new impact channels in order to further the impact of our students' work and help widen our network of partners.

- The Horizon Impact Fund. Final year students can apply for support to undertake short impact projects. This benefits industry partners, public and third sector partners, academic partners and the wider public benefit from targeted activities that deepen the impact of individual students' PhD work. This will support activities such as developing plans for spin-outs and commercialization; establishing an IP position; preparing and documenting open-source software or datasets; and developing tourable public experiences.

- ORBIT as an impact partner for RRI. Students will embed findings and methods for Responsible Research Innovation into the national training programme that is delivered by ORBIT, the Observatory for Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT (www.orbit-rri.org). Through our direct partnership with ORBIT all Horizon CDT students will be encouraged to write up their experience of RRI as contributions to ORBIT so as to ensure that their PhD research will not only gain visibility but also inform future RRI training and education. PhD projects that are predominantly in the area of RRI are expected to contribute to new training modules, online tools or other ORBIT services.