Microwave Photonic Transmitter on Silicon

Research objectives: The objective of the project is to study the realisation of a microwave modulated optical signal transmitter on a silicon substrate for use in radio signal transmission applications. The target specifications are a modulation bandwidth ranging from UHF to microwave frequencies with a modulation sensitivity high enough to realise a link insertion loss of less than 10 dB.
Methodology: The project will seek to make use of the quantum dot laser on silicon technology being developed within the QUantum Dot On Silicon (QUDOS) UKRI-EPSRC Programme Grant.
The work will study integration of quantum dot lasers with modulators on silicon substrates; high speed modulator technologies and comparisons with existing technologies such as compound semiconductor foundry photonic integrated circuits on InP substrates. The work will involve analysis and modelling of both devices and systems, design of suitable modulators and testing of fabricated experimental transmitters. Work on aspects of the fabrication of the transmitter designs will also form part of the project and will involve close collaboration with post-doctoral Research Associates working on the Programme Grant.
Research novelty: Silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) incorporating monolithically integrated lasers are a new technology and the project will move forward the state of the art by integrating such lasers with high speed modulators for the first time. If this part of the project is successful the work will be extended to investigate the possibility of multi-channel coarse Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM) transmitter arrays to enable multiple channels to be carried on a single optical fibre.

The impact of the CDT in Connected Electronic and Photonic Systems is expected to be wide ranging and include both scientific research and industry outcomes. In terms of academia, it is envisaged that there will be a growing range of research activity in this converged field in coming years, and so the research students should not only have opportunities to continue their work as research fellows, but also to increasingly find posts as academics and indeed in policy advice and consulting.

The main area of impact, however, is expected to be industrial manufacturing and service industries. Relevant industries will include those involved in all areas of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), together with printing, consumer electronics, construction, infrastructure, defence, energy, engineering, security, medicine and indeed systems companies providing information systems, for example for the financial, retail and medical sectors. Such industries will be at the heart of the digital economy, energy, healthcare, security and manufacturing fields. These industries have huge markets, for example the global consumer electronics market is expected to reach $2.97 trillion in 2020. The photonics sector itself represents a huge enterprise. The global photonics market was $510B in 2013 and is expected to grow to $766 billion in 2020. The UK has the fifth largest manufacturing base in electronics in the world, with annual turnover of £78 billion and employing 800,000 people (TechUK 2016). The UK photonics industry is also world leading with annual turnover of over £10.5 billion, employing 70,000 people and showing sustained growth of 6% to 8% per year over the last three decades (Hansard, 25 January 2017 Col. 122WH). As well as involving large companies, such as Airbus, Leonardo and ARM, there are over 10,000 UK SMEs in the electronics and photonics manufacturing sector, according to Innovate UK. Evidence of the entrepreneurial culture that exists and the potential for benefit to the UK economy from establishing the CDT includes the founding of companies such as Smart Holograms, PervasID, Light Blue Optics, Zinwave, Eight19 and Photon Design by staff and our former PhD students. Indeed, over 20 companies have been spun out in the last 10 years from the groups proposing this CDT.

The success of these industries has depended upon the availability of highly skilled researchers to drive innovation and competitive edge. 70% of survey respondents in the Hennik Annual Manufacturing Report 2017 reported difficulty in recruiting suitably skilled workers. Contributing to meeting this acute need will be the primary impact of the CEPS CDT.

Centre research activities will contribute very strongly to research impact in the ICT area (Internet of Things (IoT), data centre interconnects, next generation access technologies, 5G+ network backhaul, converged photonic/electronic integration, quantum information processing etc), underpinning the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and Digital Economy themes and contributing strongly to the themes of Energy (low energy lighting, low energy large area photonic/electronics for e-posters and window shading, photovoltaics, energy efficient displays), Manufacturing the Future (integrated photonic and electronic circuits, smart materials processing with photonics, embedded intelligence and interconnects for Industry 4.0), Quantum Technologies (device and systems integration for quantum communications and information processing) Healthcare Technologies (optical coherence tomography, discrete and real time biosensing, personalised healthcare), Global Uncertainties and Living with Environmental Change (resilient converged communications, advanced sensing systems incorporating electronics with photonics).