From competing theories to fieldwork: the challenge of an extreme agreement system

Lead Research Organisation: University of Surrey
Department Name: Languages and Translation Studies

Abstract

CONTEXT OF THE RESEARCH
Linguistics is a discipline which faces a seemingly irresolvable competition between several theories of its central component, namely syntax (sentence structure). Further progress requires us to clarify how the concrete predictions of each theory differ. We will create a framework for comparing and evaluating the claims of leading theories of syntax (HPSG, LFG and Minimalism). We do this by focusing on one core area of syntax, namely agreement. Specifically, we shall use data from the Daghestanian language Archi, which has an outstandingly rich and complex agreement system, for analyses in each of the leading theories.

When accounting for agreement, contemporary syntactic theories tend to concentrate on isolated instances of complexity found in different languages. To determine the compatibility of the solutions suggested for these separate problems, we need to scale up to a full account of a complete agreement system. Archi presents a rare case of a language whose agreement system challenges major claims found in three different syntactic theories.

Our previous work on agreement gives us the theoretical apparatus necessary for describing an extreme agreement system in a consistent way. Our typological work makes us aware of the range of morphological and syntactic possibilities in agreement systems. Our earlier research on Archi, through fieldwork which led to the compiling of an innovative electronic dictionary, enables us to assess the frequencies of the different agreement strategies. This will allow us to investigate how the agreement system functions in Archi, and how its different components interact. The range of available materials, rather unique for an unwritten language with a small number of speakers, our expertise in fieldwork and the excellent working relations with the community make it possible to investigate the variation in agreement that the system allows.

The project will employ an innovative model of investigation and dissemination. It is structured around regular day-long seminars, at which a key part of the agreement system of Archi will be analysed according to the three theories, the differences will be discussed by representatives of these theories, and further fieldwork requirements will be specified. Dissemination will begin as early as the third month of the project, through a Wiki. This will give the essential Archi data, and refer to the annotated corpus of Archi, published online in parallel to the Wiki. The Wiki will have three strands of responses, contributing to the three analyses of the data, in HPSG, LFG and Minimalism. These condensed materials will be of value for those interested in any one of the major theories of syntax, for those wishing to compare and contrast the three theories, and for those wanting to approach a language with extremely demanding syntax.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1. Provide an implemented framework for comparing and evaluating syntactic theories.
2. Produce an ontologically consistent description of the agreement system in Archi.
3. Give three parallel syntactic accounts of the body of challenging data.
4. Investigate the full range of function and variability of the Archi agreement system.

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS
The obvious benefit is for theory: never before have syntactic theories been compared and contrasted in such a controlled, rigorous and innovative way. In terms of our understanding of extreme agreement systems, the benefits will also be considerable, since we shall have three complementary views, together with investigation of frequency data and research into the functioning of the system, which often lie outside syntacticians' main interests. The methodological innovations should also provide a model for collaborative research on problems which are challenging both inherently and because of the the theoritical diversity of the field.

Planned Impact

This theoretical research has its major impact within syntactic and morphological theory. However, there are key areas where this research has a potential impact on four other constituencies. Our impact plan is geared towards the two non-academic communities of the four listed below, and we have marked these with an asterisk:

Speech community*
Given the nature of the current school situation, and the continuous media pressure, Archi is a seriously endangered language. Survival depends both on the esteem in which the language is held by its speakers and the regard of neighbouring communities where larger languages are spoken. Our work on the Archi Dictionary has had a positive impact. Continuing academic involvement in the language by outsiders, this time concentrating on syntax, is welcomed and highly valued by the Archi community.

Specialists in language technologies
Archi is a truly amazing language in terms of its use of agreement as a syntactic mechanism within an ergative system. Understanding this complex system has potential longer-term benefits for the development of sophisticated NLP applications. Current applications are almost exclusively dedicated to English and other similar languages. Very little has been done on applications for the majority of the world's languages, which do not share the typological pecularities of standard average European. We are currently investigating this area of impact, and have already scheduled a seminar on Morphological Complexity and Computational Linguistics at the Sorbonne in 2013 (local organiser Olivier Bonami).

Specialists in on-line ontologies
The formal implemented description which will be a product of the research will inform the development of the GOLD ontology for linguistic description, available to the wider community via the Linguist List site. This will continue and develop the impact of our research on Archi through the Linguist List's LEGO project (Lexicon Enhancement via the GOLD Ontology), funded by the National Science Foundation (http://linguistlist.org/projects/lego.cfm).

Foundation for Endangered Languages*
This campaigning organisation attracts attention from the wider public, well beyond academic linguists. We shall ensure that this body is fully informed of the progress of the work on Archi.
 
Title Archi texts 
Description During the lifetime of the project we had the opportunity to work with texts recorded in the Archi village between 2005 and 2010. We trained one of our Archi translators, Zumzum Magomedova, to transcribe Archi texts using Microsoft word and the Cyrillic orthography (worked out by a team of linguists from SMG and Moscow State University). Zumzum also translated the texts into Russian. To make these texts widely available we transliterated them into Latin-based orthography, translated them into English and provided them with interlinear glossing. The texts were then made available online as sound files and pdf text files. The texts have been recorded from people of age range from 25 to 100 and include different genres such as memories of childhood, jokes, folk stories, local legends and an Archi traditional mourning song. 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2015 
Impact Archi recordings with English translations and morphological analysis have been published online only recently. We except its longer term impact as raising public awareness of the value of this small endangered language. 
URL http://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/languages/archi/texts/
 
Description The finding are discussed in their relation to the project objectives.

The first objective was to create a framework for comparing and evaluating syntactic theories (Minimalism, HPSG and LFG). To do this we took a challenging language, the Dagestanian language Archi, and within it we focussed on its complex agreement system. A particularly interesting part of the system is the biabsolutive construction, which proved a good testing ground to compare different approaches to syntax. Three syntactic accounts of this construction were presented at the special session of the Linguistic Society of America Meeting (Minneapolis, 2014). This allowed us to contrast and compare the approaches. The most important finding arising from the comparison was the identification of four salient properties which every theoretical approach to syntax must have. The properties have been obtained by abstracting over the generalisations in the data as well as the proposals for specific analyses within each of the frameworks.

The comparison at this level of abstraction allowed us answer the question of whether the given syntactic approach considers the mechanisms involved in agreement and those regulating the linear order as interconnected. It could be argued that while the Minimalist analysis maintains a tighter relationship between the constituency and the linear order, both the HPSG and LFG analyses view the agreement as a separate mechanism.

These findings are discussed in detail in chapter 8 of a book in press in the series Oxford Studies of Endangered Languages (Oxford University Press). The book has been submitted to the publisher and is to appear in the summer of 2016.

The second objective was to provide a full description of the agreement system in an endangered language. The Archi agreement has never been an object of a focussed description before and therefore there were significant lacunae. During the course of this project we had an opportunity to fill these in a systematic way: the field work was guided by the theoretical questions formulated at the project seminars. We have identified four areas where we elaborate on the existing description of Archi or describe the phenomena for the first time:
(1) Semantic agreement. This is found in agreement with conjoined phrases: the verb can agree either in the plural, with both elements, or in the singular, with just one of them. We explain the possibilities in Chumakina (2013), and establish factors influencing the choice of plural vs. singular agreement.

(2) The biabsolutive construction. This important construction was mentioned above. As a result of extensive fieldwork on this construction we have described the agreement behaviour of the non-verbal elements (adverbs, dative pronouns and particles). We have also established that Archi allows the biabsolutive construction not only for the transitive verbs but also for verbs of perception which normally take dative-absolutive alignment. Until now, no firm data of this kind was obtained for any other Dagestanian language. The findings were presented at the Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America in 2014 and will be published in Chapter 4 of the book in press with Oxford University Press.

(3) The agreeing postposition eq'en. Postpositions are akin to the prepositions we find in English, such as on or behind, but they occur after the noun, rather than before it. Of all non-verbal agreement targets in Archi the postposition eq'en is particularly interesting. It agrees either with the subject in an intransitive clause, or with the object in a transitive clause rather than with its noun complement. This is a rare type of agreement. We have studied this postposition in depth, established its derivational source and described its agreement behaviour in (Chumakina & Brown: Charting adposition agreement: paper submitted to Linguistic Typology). In the course of this work, we have also described a previously unknown verbal form - a small class of irregular converbs in -en. This is important not only for the description of Archi but also for the studies of variation within the family: as far as we know, agreeing postpositions in other Nakh-Dagestanian languages originate from stative verbs or locative forms of the copula.

(4) Attributives. There is a lexical class in Archi which consists almost exclusively of derived forms - the class of attributives. Its particular interest lies in the fact that the derivational sources for the attributives vary hugely from bound stem to fully inflected forms, yet the external syntax of the attributives and their agreement behaviour is surprisingly homogenous. We have provided a full description of the agreement behaviour of this unusual class. (Bond & Chumakina: Attributives in Archi: a mixed category with multiple bases: paper submitted to Linguistics)

Our third objective: providing three parallel syntactic accounts of a challenging data - have been also achieved. These can be seen on the WIKI page (see the link on http://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/projects/competing-theories/wiki). That shows the parallel accounts in development; the fuller and more considered versions are in the volume: Oliver Bond, Greville G. Corbett, Marina Chumakina & Dunstan Brown (editors). 2016. Archi: Complexities of agreement in cross-theoretical perspective (Oxford Studies of Endangered Languages). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Exploitation Route 1. the basic approach is valuable and transferable: we brought together specialists with different theoretical assumptions for all to work together on an identical set of data.

2. we established the issues presented by the data for the different theories, and the similarities and differences in their solutions. These insights are of value within each of the theoretical traditions and for those outside.

3. for specific work on languages of Dagestan, and for languages with ergative alignment, our findings will be invaluable.
Sectors Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL http://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/projects/competing-theories/
 
Description Public Lectures During the course of the project Dunstan Brown received an invitation for a guest professorship from the Université Paris Diderot (Paris 7) for October 2015. One activity for this professorship was a lecture series entitled 'Morphological complexity: defining it and measuring it'. This was an open lecture series open to all who were interested. The work on Archi, particularly understanding the complexities of Archi identified by Chumakina & Corbett (2015), was discussed as part of the series, focusing on how it can be modelled, thereby allowing us to demonstrate to a wider public the special interest of Archi. In 2012 Marina Chumakina gave two public lectures in Tomsk, Russian Federation, about linguistic fieldwork methods using Archi as case study. From the perspective of impact this is particularly important, as Dagestan is technically part of the Russian Federation, yet it is poorly understood within other regions of that country. Given the current political situation there, the talks helped to promote greater understanding at a time when there is a desperate need for it. Archi Ontology and the General Ontology for Linguistic Description (GOLD) It is important that proposals for standardizing and generalizing linguistic features for practical applications are informed by in-depth research into the linguistic issues involved (Corbett 2012: 265-268). A big issue is that of data comparability. That is, where we have, for example, a particular case value in one language to what extent can we be sure that it corresponds to the same value in another language? This is important for natural language processing, particularly where the systems involved are to be used across multiple languages. The General Ontology for Linguistic Description is an ontology that gives information on linguistic terminology. One result of the Archi project is that we have developed fragments of descriptions of some of the more interesting parts of Archi agreement with some aspects of the typology, the Minimalist and the HPSG description implemented. Links between these different descriptions, including features, allow us to see how the theories differ in their treatments. This forms the basis of a longer term resource that we will develop to enable others to see how features work in a wider theoretical context and will be useful for proposals related to standardizing and generalizing linguistic features, as it will form a basis for future understanding of the core and peripheral distinctions.
First Year Of Impact 2013
Sector Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Societal

 
Description External agreement
Amount £415,306 (GBP)
Funding ID AH/R005540/1 
Organisation Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 06/2018 
End 05/2021
 
Title Parallel theoretical approaches to the same datasets 
Description Linguistics is a discipline which faces a seemingly irresolvable competition between several theories of its central component, namely syntax. We created a framework for comparing and evaluating the claims of leading theories of syntax (HPSG, LFG and Minimalism), by focusing on one core area of syntax, namely agreement. Specifically, we used data from the Daghestanian language Archi, which has an outstandingly rich and complex agreement system, for analyses in each of the leading theories.The project was structured around regular day-long seminars, at which a key part of the agreement system of Archi will be analysed according to the three theories, the differences will be discussed by representatives of these theories, and further fieldwork requirements will be specified. Dissemination was through a Wiki This gave the essential Archi data, and referred to the annotated corpus of Archi, published online in parallel to the Wiki. The Wiki had three strands of responses, contributing to the three analyses of the data, in HPSG, LFG and Minimalism. These condensed materials are of value for those interested in any one of the major theories of syntax, for those wishing to compare and contrast the three theories, and for those wanting to approach a language with extremely demanding syntax. (For the wiki, see the link from http://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/projects/competing-theories/wiki/overview/.) 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2015 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The outcomes can be found in a volume being published by Oxford University Press: Oliver Bond, Greville G. Corbett, Marina Chumakina & Dunstan Brown (editors). Archi: Complexities of agreement in cross-theoretical perspective (Oxford Studies of Endangered Languages). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
URL http://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/projects/competing-theories/
 
Title Wiki Archive: From competing theories to fieldwork 
Description This is the archived version of the wiki for the project 'From competing theories to fieldwork'. It was constructed to allow contributors to the project to share their preliminary analyses with any interested party. It contained handouts from all the seminars for the project as well as a range of additional materials on Archi. The wiki is no longer being updated but all the resources are available on this archived version. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The Wiki allowed us to make available in parallel the different theoretical accounts and formed an important part of the comparison. 
URL http://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/projects/competing-theories/wiki/overview/
 
Title An implemented ontology of Archi agreement 
Description An ontology of the elements required to deal with challenging aspects of the Archi agreement system. 
Type Of Material Data analysis technique 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The model provides a partial ontology of the Archi agreement system, including a framework-neutral typological ontology, plus descriptions of some elements of the Minimalist and HPSG analysis. This comparison element contributed to the writing of the final chapter of the volume 'Archi Agreement in Cross-theoretical Perspective', to appear with Oxford University Press. 
URL http://www.york.ac.uk/res/archibrowser/#0
 
Title Archidle 
Description Based on Wordle using the Archi language using information fro the Archi dictionary on the SMG webpage 
Type Of Material Data analysis technique 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Interest in Archi through a competitive fun game 
URL http://smg-wordle.co.uk
 
Description Competing Theories HEI: Harvard University 
Organisation Harvard University
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The Surrey/York based research team, devised and ran the project. We provided data and intellectual expertise necessary to collaborate with external partners.
Collaborator Contribution As part of the research team, Professor Maria Polinsky has collaborated on intellectual aspects of the project by producing theoretical analyses and participating in workshops and other engagement events.
Impact Polinsky, Maria, Nina Radkevich and Marina Chumakina. 4 September 2014. Agreement between arguments in Archi? Paper presented at the themed session "Extreme agreement: answers to the Archi challenge" at the Linguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Meeting 2014, The Queen's College, University of Oxford, 1-5 September 2014. Polinsky, Maria and Nina Radkevich. 4 January 2014. Biabsolutives in Archi: a minimalist view. Paper read at the 88th Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Minneapolis. 2-5 January 2014.
Start Year 2012
 
Description Competing Theories HEI: University of Essex 
Organisation University of Essex
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The Surrey/York based research team, devised and ran the project. We provided data and intellectual expertise necessary to collaborate with external partners.
Collaborator Contribution As part of the research team, Professor Louisa Sadler and Professor Robert Borsley have collaborated on intellectual aspects of the project by producing theoretical analyses and participating in workshops and other engagement events.
Impact Sadler, Louisa. 4 September 2014. Agreement in Archi: an LFG perspective. Paper presented at the themed session "Extreme agreement: answers to the Archi challenge" at the Linguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Meeting 2014, The Queen's College, University of Oxford, 1-5 September 2014. Borsley, Robert. 4 September 2014. HPSG and Archi agreement. Paper presented at the themed session "Extreme agreement: answers to the Archi challenge" at the Linguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Meeting 2014, The Queen's College, University of Oxford, 1-5 September 2014. Borsley, Robert D. 4 January 2014. Biabsolutives and the nature of agreement in Archi: an HPSG perspective. Paper read at the 88th Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Minneapolis. 2-5 January 2014. Sadler, Louisa. 4 January 2014. An LFG view of Archi biabsolutive clauses. Paper read at the 88th Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Minneapolis. 2-5 January 2014.
Start Year 2012
 
Description Competing Theories HEI: University of York 
Organisation University of York
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The Surrey/York based research team, devised and ran the project. We provided data and intellectual expertise necessary to collaborate with external partners.
Collaborator Contribution As part of an informal collaboration that stemmed from the Archi Seminars held as part of the project, Professor Peter Sells has collaborated on intellectual aspects of the project by producing theoretical analyses and participating in workshops and other engagement events. This is in addition to the contribution made by the CI Dunstan Brown, based at York.
Impact Brown, Dunstan and Peter Sells. 4 September 2014. The correlation of agreement domains and phrase structure: the Archi perspective on different frameworks. Paper presented at the themed session "Extreme agreement: answers to the Archi challenge" at the Linguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Meeting 2014, The Queen's College, University of Oxford, 1-5 September 2014.
Start Year 2012
 
Description Agreement between arguments in Archi? LAGB 2014 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of idea.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of idea.

DETAILS: Maria Polinsky, Nina Radkevich and Marina Chumakina: Agreement between arguments in Archi? Paper presented at the themed session Extreme agreement: answers to the Archi challenge at the Linguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Meeting 2014, The Queen's College, University of Oxford, 4 September 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Agreement in Archi, SOAS 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina: Agreement in Archi. Invited talk at the Linguistics Department, School of Oriental and African Studies, 11 December 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Agreement in Archi: an LFG perspective, LAGB 2014 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Louisa Sadler: Agreement in Archi: an LFG perspective. Paper presented at the themed session Extreme agreement: answers to the Archi challenge at the Linguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Meeting 2014, The Queen's College, University of Oxford, 4 September 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description An LFG view of Archi biabsolutive clauses, LSA 2014 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: , Louisa Sadler: An LFG view of Archi biabsolutive clauses. Paper read at the 88th Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Minneapolis, 4 January 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Archi biabsolutives: an overview, LSA 2014 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina: Archi biabsolutives: an overview. Paper read at the 88th Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Minneapolis, 4 January 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Archi language tutorial. LAGB Annual Meeting, University of Essex. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact increased knowledge of Archi
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2009
 
Description Archi, Harvard University 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina: Archi. Invited talk at the University of Harvard, 28 November 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Article in local newspaper 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact The work of Surrey Morphology Group on the digital dictionary of Archi was reported in a local newspaper, the Surrey Advertiser (October 7, 2016), supplemented by a photograph of an Archi woman in a traditional costume. The photograph was taken by project member, Marina Chumakina, during her fieldwork in the Archi village and was published with the permission of the Archi people.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Attributives in Archi, MMM9 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation poster presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Oliver Bond and Marina Chumakina: Attributives in Archi. Poster presented at the 9th Mediterranean Morphology Meeting, Center for Advanced Academic Studies, Dubrovnik, 16 September 2013.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Biabsolutives and the nature of agreement in Archi: an HPSG perspective, LSA 2014 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Robert Borsley: Biabsolutives and the nature of agreement in Archi: an HPSG perspective. Paper read at the 88th Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Minneapolis, 4 January 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Biabsolutives in Archi and DSM, SLE46 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina: Biabsolutives in Archi and DSM. Paper at read the 46th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea, Split, 20 September 2013.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Biabsolutives in Archi: a minimalist view, LSA 2014 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Maria Polinsky and Nina Radkevich: Biabsolutives in Archi: a minimalist view. Paper read at the 88th Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Minneapolis, 4 January 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Brown, Dunstan and Marina Chumakina. 2012. The Archi agreeing postposition. Invited talk to the Edinburgh Linguistic Circle, 29 November, 2012. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited talk
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Brown, Dunstan and Marina Chumakina. 2013. Middle distance agreement in adpositions: a typological niche. Paper presented at the Association for Linguistic Typology (10) Biennial Conference, Leipzig, August 15, 2013. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation at the biennial Association for Linguistic Typology.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Brown, Dunstan and Marina Chumakina. 2014. Rethinking adposition agreement: the Archi postposition eq'en. Invited talk at Rethinking Comparative Syntax (ReCoS), Cambridge, May 9-10. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited talk.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Brown, Dunstan and Marina Chumakina. 2014. Understanding Middle Distance Agreement: the Archi postposition eq'en. Invited talk to the SELLL Linguistics Seminar Series, Newcastle University, February 12, 2014. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact An invited talk at the University of Newcastle.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Brown, Dunstan and Norman Yeo. 2015. Using canonical typology: an empirical investigation of agreement domains and feature mismatches. Paper presented at the workshop 'Approches formelles, quantitatives et descriptives des systèmes morphologiques', Paris Diderot, October 13, 2015. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited presentation at University of Paris VII.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Brown, Dunstan and Peter Sells. 2014. The correlation of agreement domains and phrase structure: the Archi perspective on different frameworks. Paper presented at LAGB 2014, Annual Meeting of the LAGB, Oxford, Queen's College, September 4, 2014. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact International conference. This talk was developed into the refereed chapter that appears in the OUP volume to be published in August 2016.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL https://global.oup.com/academic/product/archi-9780198747291?cc=jp&lang=en&
 
Description Brown, Dunstan. 2015. Defaults and implicational relations. Invited talk, Université Paris Diderot, October 26, 2015. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited talk at the Université Paris VII
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Brown, Dunstan. 2015. Extremes of morphological complexity. Invited talk, Université Paris Diderot, October 22, 2015 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited talk at the Université Paris VII
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Brown, Dunstan. 2015. Modelling inflection. Invited talk, UFR Linguistique, Université Paris Diderot, October 19, 2015. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Part of an invited lecture series at the University of Paris VII
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Brown, Dunstan. 2015. Typology, system-level analyses, and default-inheritance. Paper presented at the Theme Workshop 'System-level typology', 11th Biennial Meeting of the Association for Linguistic Typology 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The talk was part of a workshop on system-level typology at the biennial meeting of the Association for Linguistic Typology.

The talk prompted a number of questions and requests for copies of the paper.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL http://www.unm.edu/~alt2015/finalconferenceschedule.pdf
 
Description Brown, Dunstan. 2015. What is morphological complexity and how useful a notion is it? Invited talk, UFR Linguistique, Université Paris Diderot, October 12, 2015. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact An invited talk at the Université of Paris VII.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Corpus creation, Tomsk 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to capacity building.

RESULTS: The presentation led to capacity building.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina: Corpus creation. Invited lecture at ELDP capacity building training, Tomsk, Russia, 27 September 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Daghestanian Lexicology and Typology at the University of Surrey 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact discussions ensued

Archi dictionary
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity Pre-2006
 
Description Data collection, Tomsk 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to capacity building.

RESULTS: The presentation led to capacity building.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina: Data collection. Invited lecture at ELDP capacity building training, Tomsk, Russia, 27 September 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Distributing paradigm types across the lexicon in Archi, IMM15 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina and Greville G. Corbett: Distributing paradigm types across the lexicon in Archi. Paper presented at the 15th International Morphology Meeting, 11 February 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Dunstan Brown and Norman Yeo. 2014. Dimensions of variation from the canonical: an empirical investigation. Paper presented at Agreement 2014: Defining and mapping agreement, University of York, July 31, 2014. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact A workshop held at York, but with participants from the UK and other parts of Europe.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Gender-number marking in Archi: small is complex, Conference on Morphological Complexity 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina and Greville G. Corbett: Gender-number marking in Archi: small is complex. Paper presented at the Conference on Morphological Complexity. London, 13 January 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Greville G. Corbett. Paradigm conventions, SLE46 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Greville G. Corbett: Paradigm conventions. Paper at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea, Split, 20 September 2013.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description HPSG and Archi agreement, LAGB 2014 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas

DETAILS: Robert Borsley: HPSG and Archi agreement;. Paper presented at the themed sessionExtreme agreement: answers to the Archi challenge; at the Linguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Meeting 2014, The Queen's College, University of Oxford, 4 September 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Middle distance agreement in Archi, SEMM 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina, and Dunstan Brown: Middle distance agreement in Archi. Paper presented at the Southeast Morphology Meeting (SEMM) on Morphophonology, University of Surrey, Guildford, 25 January 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Middle distance agreement in Archi: a typological niche, ALT10 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina and Dunstan Brown: Middle distance agreement in Archi: a typological niche. Paper presented at the 10th Biennial Meeting of the Association for Linguistic Typology, University of Leipzig. 15 August 2013.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Morphological complexity and possible words, UWE 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Greville G. Corbett: Morphological complexity and possible words. Invited lecture at the Bristol Centre for Linguistics at the University of the West of England, 22 February 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Paradigms: How we represent them and what we mean, Russian State University for the Humanities 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Greville G. Corbett: Paradigms: How we represent them and what we mean. Invited lecture at Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, 24 May 2013.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Paradigms: How we represent them and what we mean. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact Invited lecture.

The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Quotatives in Archi. Paper read at the workshop on quotatives held at the 42nd Annual Meeting of Societas Linguistica Europaea, Lisbon, Portugal 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact Discussions ensued
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2009
 
Description Rethinking adposition agreement: the Archi postposition eq'en, University of Cambridge 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Dunstan Brown and Marina Chumakina. Rethinking adposition agreement: the Archi postposition eq'en. Invited paper at Rethinking Comparative Syntax (ReCoS), University of Cambridge, 10 May 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Setting the scene: agreement in Archi, LAGB 2014 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina and Greville G. Corbett: Setting the scene: agreement in Archi. Paper presented at the themed session Extreme agreement: answers to the Archi challenge at the Linguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Meeting 2014, The Queen's College, University of Oxford, 4 September 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Temporal vs aspectual characteristics of Archi synthetic predicates, ALT10 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Marina Chumakina: Temporal vs aspectual characteristics of Archi synthetic predicates. Paper presented at the workshop Tense, aspect, modality and evidentiality in Nakh-Daghestanian languages: adjacent to the 10th Biennial Meeting of the Association for Linguistic Typology, University of Leipzig, 19 August 2013.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description The Archi agreeing postposition, University of Edinburgh 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Dunstan Brown and Marina Chumakina: The Archi agreeing postposition. Invited talk to the Edinburgh Linguistic Circle, University of Edinburgh, 29 November 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity Pre-2006,2006,2012
 
Description The correlation of agreement domains and phrase structure: the Archi perspective on different frameworks, LAGB 2014 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas

DETAILS: Dunstan Brown and Peter Sells: The correlation of agreement domains and phrase structure: the Archi perspective on different frameworks. Paper presented at the themed session Extreme agreement: answers to the Archi challenge at the Linguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Meeting 2014, The Queen's College, University of Oxford, 4 September 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description The hidden complexity of the Archi paradigm, University of Salford 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Greville G.Corbett: The hidden complexity of the Archi paradigm;. Invited lecture at University of Salford, 8 May 2013.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description The shape of the Archi agreement paradigm, University of Bamberg 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Greville G. Corbett: The shape of the Archi agreement paradigm. Invited paper at the Workshop Agreement in discourse, University of Bamberg, 2 February 2013.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Understanding Middle Distance Agreement: the Archi postposition eq'en, Newcastle University 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Dunstan Brown and Marina Chumakina: Understanding Middle Distance Agreement: the Archi postposition eq'en. Invited talk to the SELLL Linguistics Seminar Series, Newcastle University, February 12, 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Verbal periphrasis in Archi: a canonical approach. Paper read at the Southeast Morphology Meeting at the University of Surrey. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact Discussions ensued
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2009
 
Description What do paradigms look like (and why care anyway)?, SOAS 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Greville G. Corbett: What do paradigms look like (and why care anyway)? Invited paper at the Linguistics Department, School of Oriental and African Studies, 24 January 2012.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Zero morphology, University of Bremen 
Form Of Engagement Activity Scientific meeting (conference/symposium etc.)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

RESULTS: The presentation led to useful interaction and refinement of ideas.

DETAILS: Greville G. ?orbett: Zero morphology. Keynote lecture at the Linguistisches Kolloquium The concept of zero in modern linguistics, University of Bremen, 19 March 2014.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014