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Transforming data rE-use in ARCHaeology (TEtrARCHs)

Lead Research Organisation: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
Department Name: School of Archaeology

Abstract

Digital data curation for cultural heritage has reached a critical impasse. A central tension exists between the need to preserve cultural resources, and the dynamic potential for their use and re-use in democratic and just ways. In archaeology, much work has been done to make data Findable, Accessible and Interoperable (according to the FAIR Principles), but little is understood about whether data are Reusable-and by whom. TEtrARCHs argues the future of digital curation depends upon reconciling this divide, and aims to demonstrate that data optimised for ethical and emotive storytelling will provide the bridge between those who find or preserve heritage assets, and the diverse cross-European audiences for whom they might generate meaning.

Through an interdisciplinary team of archaeological specialists, data scientists, and museum practitioners, collaborating with three key user groups-domain experts, creative practitioners, and memory institutions- TEtrARCHs will offer those who capture, curate and apply cultural heritage data with critically-aware workflows to prepare their data for enhanced re-use at every point in the data lifecycle (e.g., capture, mapping, lab-based analysis), then scenario-test such re-use through the dissemination of new narrative outputs authored by cross-European creative practitioners. The project embraces three scales of data collection in archaeology-landscape, site and artefact-exploring them via four increasingly ubiquitous technologies for data capture: airborne LiDAR, 3D scanning, digital field drawing and photography. Alongside novel workflows for field, post-excavation and archival practice, TEtrARCHs will produce the world's first controlled vocabulary for cultural heritage storytelling, the first assessments of data reuse effectiveness following ISO Standard 25022: Measurement of Quality in Use, and the first best practice recommendations for trusted digital repositories to optimise archaeological data for re-use.

Related Projects

Project Reference Relationship Related To Start End Award Value
AH/X006980/1 02/10/2022 30/05/2024 £518,728
AH/X006980/2 Transfer AH/X006980/1 31/05/2024 31/12/2025 £246,237
 
Title Breaking Bread by Eloise Moody 
Description A participatory art piece developed by artist Eloise Moody and realised in collaboration with residents and bakers in Sardinia, Italy. The experience reached at least 50 people. 
Type Of Art Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) 
Year Produced 2025 
Impact Changed minds and new connections, as described here: https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2026/02/05/arte-archeologia-pizzerie-art-archaeology-pizzerias/ 
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2026/02/05/arte-archeologia-pizzerie-art-archaeology-pizzerias/
 
Title Digital Archive from the Transforming Data Reuse in Archaeology Project, 2022-2025 
Description This collection comprises images, videos, and linked data from the Transforming data rE-use in ARCHaeology (TETRARCHs) project. Undertaken between 2022-2025, the project aimed to demonstrate that data optimised for ethical and emotive storytelling can provide a bridge between those who find or preserve heritage assets, and the diverse cross-European audiences for whom they might generate meaning. In total, it includes 40 image objects, 1 text object, 18 video objects 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2026 
Impact Too early to say. 
URL https://doi.org/10.5284/1139492
 
Title Private view and ceremonial burial of ALL OF IT HAPPENED AND SOME OF IT'S TRUE, by Eloise Moody 
Description All of It Happened and Some of It's True IS a large (5m x 7m) embroidered document in silk and 22ct gold leaf, hand-sewn onto a geotextile. It features the thoughts and dreams gathered from archaeologists engaged with questions about time and being and it was ceremonially buried in an excavation trench in Greece in July 2025. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2025 
Impact The project team especially describes very profound impacts on their thinking and practice. The art was displayed in London before being returned to Greece. At least 90 people experienced it in both London and Toumba Serron. 
URL https://www.eloisemoody.com/work/all-of-it-happened-and-some-of-its-true
 
Title Supermarket Ruins: Artistic Exhibition created for Illustration and Heritage Conference (22-23 November 2024) 
Description A series of 8 creative outputs by 18 students from the Kingston School of Art Illustration Animation programme, printed in the form of posters for exhibition at University of the Arts London in conjunction with the Illustration and Heritage Conference (22-23 November 2024). The outputs present the results of a collaborative project between the Museum of London Archives (MOL Archives), Recycle Archaeology, the Transforming Data Reuse in Archaeology project (UCL branch), and BA Illustration Animation students from Kingston School of Art. The students explored new interpretations and storytelling possibilities for archival data from the TETRARCHs database, specifically focusing on the Horse Fair excavation site in Kingston Upon Thames, uncovered during the 1980s construction of the John Lewis superstore. Through creative research, informed by archival documents, selected archaeological artifacts, and site visits, the students reimagined how this historical site could inform the future of superstores within evolving urban landscapes and in the context of late capitalism. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact The students reimagined how the historical site could inform the future of superstores within evolving urban landscapes and in the context of late capitalism. Upwards of 200 people viewed the exhibition. Two of the BA students presented their work formally in a conference paper about the creative outputs. 
URL https://illustrationandheritage.com/static/img/I&H_symposium_booklet.pdf
 
Title TETRARCHs final exhibition, featuring ChloĆ© Dierckx and Eloise Moody 
Description A limited time exhibition featuring the artists Eloise Moody and Chloé Dierckx. The exhibition was shown on June 6-7 2025, from 10-6pm at the King's Manor, University of York, UK. An opening event was hosted at 5pm on 6 June 2025. Approx 75 people attended. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2025 
Impact Impacts were emotive and are described in full in our report: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18788470 
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2025/05/24/tetrarchs-exhibition-opening/
 
Title TETRARCHs: Transforming data rE-use in ARCHaeology 
Description Project video produced by Chocolate Films. The production of this video was awarded to us as part of a competitive process funded by the CHANSE scheme. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2025 
Impact The video has been viewed over 5000 times on different platforms (Instagram, LinkedIn, YouTube). 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajhnao58LI4&t=6s
 
Title The art of Eloise Moody and ChloĆ© Dierckx, exhibited at the final event of CHANSE, Krakow, Poland, 8 September 2025 
Description Sample of the art of both Eloise Moody and Chloé Dierckx were display in the exhibition at the final conference of CHANSE, co-curated by Perry at UCL. More information about their art is available here: https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2025/05/24/tetrarchs-exhibition-opening/ 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2025 
Impact Expressions of joy and connection; new relationships. More information is available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18788470 
URL https://chanse.org/wearechanse-a-final-celebration/
 
Title Vertical Time - Immersive music performance of composition about Bronze Age domestic life at Hili Archaeological Park in Al Ain, UAE, by Cobi van Tonder 
Description In the artist's own words, "Standing at Hili 16 at sunrise, observing careful excavation and drifting dust in the wind, Vertical Time was born - a meditation on deep time, memory, and the impossibility of fully reaching the past. I found myself imagining futures thousands of years from now: who or what might one day uncover traces of us? For me, Vertical Time is about memory and consciousness buried layer by layer in the soil, human fragility and resilience set against the immense depth of time. Time is usually represented horizontally - on musical staves, timelines, calendars. Here, time is vertical, measured in millimetres. Sound becomes mathematics: frequency as cycles per second. Low frequencies stretch into vast wavelengths, while high frequencies compress into grains as fine as sand. These abstractions led me to imagine sonic deserts and dunes, mirroring the landscapes around Al Ain. The Rub? al-Khali (Empty Quarter), the world's largest continuous sand sea, covers some 650,000 km² across the Arabian Peninsula. Its dunes - some rising 300 m - formed over thousands of years. Certain crescent-shaped dunes are known to sing, producing deep resonant tones (typically 80-120 Hz) when sand avalanches or wind-triggered slides occur. Vertical Time begins in this desert - with wind, with singing dunes (both recorded and synthesised) - and slowly moves through echoes of tombs and falaj tunnels. Layers of abstract frequency clusters emerge: some so high they sting the ears, others manifesting as deep bass felt through the body. These are created through difference-tone pulsing, where interference between frequencies produces rhythmic, physical sensations in space. The audience is invited to move, to turn their heads, to experience sound as vibration in air and body. The premiere took place on a warm summer night in the garden of Malacusa House, Fantese, Puglia. Using multichannel surround loudspeakers, the piece unfolded from desert wind and singing dunes into archaeological sounds and dense microtonal frequency clusters. At one point, neighbours reportedly called the police to report a UFO landing - perhaps the best compliment a concert can receive." 
Type Of Art Performance (Music, Dance, Drama, etc) 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact The performance reached over 200 people in its enactments in Puglia, Italy, Palermo, Italy and Mons, Belgium. 
URL https://www.otoplasma.com/post/2025/08/16/vertical-time/
 
Description Our key finding is unequivocal: archaeological data must be humanised to ensure they are used again by others. They must represent human emotions, sensations, actions, moods, lived experiences, as well as include literal signifiers of humans in records and other media. This finding is consistent across countries, languages, data types and user groups.

We have evidenced:
- from our audience mapping efforts that no published research on non-specialist reuse of archaeological data existed until now. Our work is the first to flag trends in non-specialist engagement with heritage datasets.
- that normative professional behaviours and policies (e.g., GDPR) constrain data-making practices in archaeology to such an extent that more re-usable data is often nearly impossible to realise.
- that unique user communities (e.g., journalists, jewellers, tour guides, etc.) have very specific data re-use needs that should be accounted for in future data creation and management activities in archaeology.
- that creative specialists and young people have signfiicantly different conceptions of and approachs to storytelling with archaeological data from archaeological specialists. If not catered to, these differences will manifest in problematic approaches that reduce reusability of archaeological data and that perpetuate forms of exclusion and inequity.

Through TETRARCHs, we produced the world's first Storytelling Data Model and associated user manual, the first Guide to Personal Data in Archaeological Archives, and the first assessments of how effectively data are reused, following ISO Standards.

We established new collaborations with institutions (Fondazione Mont'e Prama and Kingston School of Art) and projects (Tharros Archaeological Research Project), and students and visiting scholars (Chiara Giovannetti - Italy; Kevin Garstki - USA, Despoina Sampatakou - Scotland, and in England: Helen Wickstead, Sadie Watson, Alice Clough, Mackenzie Saunders, Pooja Sree Murugakannan, Dorothy Zhu), as well as full cohorts of university students who helped to test TETRARCHs' tools and methods, elaborate our research approach, and connect us with more communities and sites.

We leveraged over €14-million in new funding for related research.
Exploitation Route We are already taking forward the outcomes:
- we will meet with the AHRC on 19 March 2026 to discuss possibilities of extending the Guide to Personal Data across the UKRI infrastructure.
- we are returning to Tharros for fieldwork in June-July 2026 to continue developing our methodology and to launch a community exhibition; UCL is also enabling students to join TARP's excavations; and we have applied for other grants to support continued research and student engagement, including a Laidlaw Scholarship to bring a first-year undergraduate student to Tharros.
Sectors Creative Economy

Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software)

Education

Leisure Activities

including Sports

Recreation and Tourism

Culture

Heritage

Museums and Collections

URL http://www.tetrarchs.org
 
Description TETRARCHs is premised on the fact that archaeological data are generally not accessible for meaningful reuse, and European society at large is losing out as a result. At the most basic level, we seek to change the ways data are recorded and stored to amplify the societal use of otherwise inaccessible data. Societal impacts include, but are not limited to: Expanding interest in and use of archaeological data outside of archaeology itself, into creative and communication industries, planning, development, tourism, and beyond: The number of archaeological stories available to inspire people are infinite, yet the public is exposed to a tiny fraction - most of which do not represent the breadth of the human experience. TETRARCHs' concern to draw creative practitioners into the heart of the research has had direct impacts on archaeologists' themselves, but also on community members who might never have engaged with either archaeology or contemporary art/creative practice (as testified to by communities involved in Breaking Bread: https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2026/02/05/arte-archeologia-pizzerie-art-archaeology-pizzerias/). Making archaeological data accessible for small businesses and creative practitioners to develop new products and expertise, contributing to cultural and economic development: These data can be used to inspire everything from landscape architecture to interior design, cooking, theatre or sport - leading to novel contributions to business and industry. Indeed, the impact of non-archaeology professionals using archaeological data to inform their work is much higher than that of professional archaeologists. For these reasons, it is particularly important to understand the complexity of the barriers of archaeology data, information, and knowledge reuse for members of non-archaeology professional communities, in terms of the needs of these groups and their specific information behaviour. Until now, unless one was given privileged access to the datasets, little of the potential for social or commercial innovation with archaeological data was realisable. TETRARCHs, including through its Quality in Use studies (D7.4: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16911495), evidences the wider social, cultural and financial capital that richer and more nuanced datasets can bring to individuals, organisations and culture at large. Increased inclusion of communities in decision making around how archaeology is done and how it could be done differently in the future: The workflows for archaeology in Europe generally exclude the people most affected - i.e., those that live or work on or around the sites. Such exclusion relates in part to how the science of archaeology is conducted - and TETRARCHs' storytelling based method seeks to use commonly known and understood storytelling techniques to create new, more accessible and inclusive workflows. TETRARCHs has firmly demonstrated in multiple contexts, in different countries and languages, that in honouring people's personal stories in the archaeological data, their relationship to human and non-human entities today and in the past is transformed (e.g., see our impact story: https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2025/09/01/tetrarchs-impact/). Embracing (through the empirical research outputted by TETRARCHs) the emotions, sensations, atmospheres and affect that sit at the core of all information by building these into archaeological information infrastructures: TETRARCHs has published the first Storytelling Data Model (Fadioui in press) and user guide (D8.5: https://zenodo.org/records/18790477) to address a longstanding predicament wherein archaeological data is stripped of all affect to conform to existing standards, leaving it devoid of meaning and easily manipulatable into stories that bear no relationship to their context. More conscious and conscientious engagement with emotion (e.g., via the Storytelling Data Model) can significantly influence how archaeological information is presented and interpreted in various fields, from education to media, enhancing empathetic communication and engagement. By acknowledging these elements, TETRARCHs' research paves the way for developing more emotionally resonant information systems that better meet societal needs for interacting with information through stories. In an era of increasing digitization and AI-driven knowledge systems, TETRARCHs contributes to a more ethical and socially responsive infrastructure for cultural memory. Creating more opportunity for archaeological data to meaningfully inform local, regional, national and international policy related to local planning, historic environment management, and cultural development: More access to more affectively-engaged and community-centred archaeological data allows for more opportunity to translate archaeological research directly into policy relevant to people and place. As well, LiDAR continues to offer untapped potential both for archaeological research and dissemination and for raising public awareness of archaeological heritage that is otherwise largely overlooked (see https://doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.106). The results of the TETRARCHs project have brought us closer to the possibility of implementing this technology with a depth and scope that will have a significant societal impact on the appreciation and potential sustainable commercial use of certain types of heritage, including archaeological landscapes. Creating new dynamic infrastructures to host new forms of data for different users, and more nuanced engagements with personal data: TETRARCHs has been integrated into emerging infrastructure investments across Europe, and will continue to input directly into strategic planning for these initiatives (see list of leveraged funding). It has also produced the first Guide to Personal Data (https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/help-guidance/guides-to-good-practice/the-project-lifecycle/personal-data-in-archaeological-archives/) to support organisations in navigating the constraining effects of GDPR on storytelling-led archaeological datasets. Shifting institutional data management cultures away from normative practices of stripped-back preservation in perpetuity, and towards more human-focused, reuse-friendly and equitable practices: the Archaeology Data Service (ADS) itself offers a case study of such a shift in perspective related directly to TETRARCHs. As the world-leading digital archive for archaeological data, and the key driver of best practice for the sector, TETRARCHs' outputs and insights have informed, and will continue to inform, the approach of and outcomes developed collaboratively by the ADS' nearly 40 full-time staff.
First Year Of Impact 2024
Sector Creative Economy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural

Societal

 
Description Digital Heritage Master's-level teaching at UCL in 2025 and 2025
Geographic Reach Local/Municipal/Regional 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/sites/archaeology/files/arcl0148digitalheritagemodulehandbook_2025...
 
Description Influenced practitioner and funding body approach to personal data and cultural heritage
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact Those who informed the Guide, who are data managers, archivists and others working at digital repositories report changed behaviour and awareness of GDPR. Others note - "Clear guidance on managing GDPR in archaeological archives is greatly needed, and I appreciate how your document highlights the real dilemmas GDPR creates around personal and sensitive data. It will be valuable as evidence that these issues are genuine and affecting what can be deposited and more training for all staff is needed" (Archivist at major archaeological charity) - "I genuinely found it moving and inspiring... All of that is to say, I put it down feeling energised to tackle the problem and reminded of how important it is!" (Head of Engagement at major archaeological charity) - "I think the guide it great! I particularly like the framing / inclusion of opportunities, and I think the scenarios provide very helpful context for understanding what it all means in practice." (PhD student studying archaeology) - "This is a really interesting, challenging and thought-provoking paper and will be happy share with MOLA colleagues for discussion around our processes once in the public domain." (Director at major archaeological IRO) We are scheduled to meet with multiple representatives of the AHRC on Thursday 19 March to discuss how to extend the report and its potentials across other areas of infrastructure investment in UKRI.
URL https://doi.org/10.5284/ntq7-4p93
 
Description ARTEMIS
Amount € 11,623,125 (EUR)
Funding ID 101188009 
Organisation European Commission 
Sector Public
Country Belgium
Start 01/2025 
End 12/2027
 
Description Exhibition for TETRARCHs Project
Amount £951 (GBP)
Organisation University of York 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 05/2025 
End 08/2025
 
Description Impact funding
Amount £1,500 (GBP)
Organisation University College London 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 05/2026 
End 07/2026
 
Title Guide to Personal Data in Archaeological Archives 
Description The introduction of legislation governing the use of personal data (known as the General Data Protection Regulation or GDPR) has resulted in varied effects on the production and use of research data, and archaeology is no exception. While many of these changes are reasonably easy to understand and implement, some are more complex, and GDPR has resulted in a range of knock-on effects that require attention and mitigation. This Guide was developed to resolve misunderstandings and address concerns identified during a series of consultative workshops that explored how the implementation of GDPR was affecting the archaeological sector. The Guide provides basic advice for those working with archaeological data, such as whether the data is personal or sensitive (or both), and how this affects how the data should be handled in different scenarios relating to particular roles. It takes into account the results of recent discussions and observations by data creators, data managers and digital archivists as to how data protection legislation affects the archaeological data being deposited in digital archives today, and how that data may be understood in the future. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2026 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Please see section on influencing policy and practice. 
URL https://doi.org/10.5284/ntq7-4p93
 
Title Storytelling Data Model and user guide 
Description Our Storytelling Data Model (also known as Sley) sits at the core of TETRARCHs. The model was iterated through multiple international workshops, as well as fieldwork in different locations, as documented in https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18790477, and in an open access article by Fadioui (2026: https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.71.1). The UCL and York teams were key contributors to the development workshops, facilitated fieldwork, supplied data, coded data, tested the user guide with students and others, and informed multiple iterations of the model. Tdata model is designed to support narrative-oriented representations of archaeological knowledge and the integration of underrepresented perspectives in the archaeological record, voices and agencies typically absent from structured datasets. To this end, the model accommodates representations of sensory experiences of different actors, human and other-than-human, along with the emotional and cognitive dimensions associated with these experiences. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2026 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact It is too early to comment. 
URL https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/collections/view/1009198/downloads.cfm?group=20098
 
Description Collaboration between TETRARCHS and the FAIR + CARE project 
Organisation Alexandria Archive Institute
Country United States 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The FAIR + CARE project is doing important work looking at the ethical issues related to the reuse of archaeological data. I was asked to participate in the network on the basis of my work around reuse in TETRARCHs. As FAIR + CARE is based in the North America, my contribution was bringing a European perspective to the discussions, and working to broaden the work of FAIR + CARE to make it more universal.
Collaborator Contribution York is the only partner contributing directly to the collaboration.
Impact Outcomes are currently in progress, but a mapping between the FAIR and CARE Principles will be a completed sometime in 2025. This is a collaboration between Information Science and Archaeology.
Start Year 2024
 
Description Collaboration between TETRARCHs and Kingston University, London 
Organisation Kingston University London
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution TETRARCHs approached colleagues from Kingston University and Kingston School of Art in order to explore in an interdisciplinary way how creative practitioners might reuse archaeological archives. TETRARCHs arranged for the team to access such archives at Museum of London Archives in the first instance. We then co-run two data reuse workshops with creative practitioners, co-wrote and co-presented an interdisciplinary conference paper, are preparing a publication, as well as an online platform to exhibit creative reuses of archaeological archives and recycled archaeological materials by illustration and museum studies PG students.
Collaborator Contribution The Kingston colleagues brought expertise from Illustration, Animation and Museum Studies, co-organised the workshops, co-wrote the conference presentation and the current paper. Moreover, they organised a complementary small exhibition to accompany our conference presentation, facilitated permissions for intellectual and other work that feeds into TETRARCHs research, and are contributing their creative and museological expertise in informing the results of TETRARCHs research.
Impact - archival research - co-planning of research project - 2 workshops with PGs - specially drafted creative reflections on archaeological data reuse - interdisciplinary conference presentation - publication of peer-reviewed journal paper in progress - online platform to display creative reuse processes of archaeological data - in progress
Start Year 2024
 
Description Collaboration between TETRARCHs and the Toumba Serron archaeological team (led by the University of York) 
Organisation University of York
Department Department of Archaeology
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Some TETRARCHs members were already part of the Toumba Serron excavation team prior to 2024. However, more TETRARCHs members (archaeologists and artists) joined the excavation in 2024. In this new, expanded version of the collaboration, the TETRARCHs members conducted experiments in archaeological storytelling and data reuse, both desk-based (workshops) and in the field (experimentation in the archaeological workflow), as well as publicity in local media. TETRARCHs also substantially contributed to the 2024 field season.
Collaborator Contribution The already established excavation team provided the infrastructure, local contacts, collaboration during experimentation and evaluation. We co-designed and adjusted the interventions, as well as co-authored a reflexive academic, peer-reviewed journal paper.
Impact - fieldwork collaboration - 2 workshops and several field experiments - academic peer reviewed journal paper
Start Year 2024
 
Description Collaboration between TETRARCHs, the Tharros Archaeological Research Project (TARP) and Fondazione Mont'e Prama 
Organisation University of Cincinnati
Department Department of Classics
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution TETRARCHs, in consultation with the leaders of the Tharros Archaeological Research Project (TARP) and the Fondazione Mont'e Prama, put together a plan for a portfolio of a) archaeological storytelling data reuse workshops, b) community outreach, c) field experiments for 2025, expanding on previous TETRARCHs work (see Toumba Serron, 2024). During October 2024, TETRARCHs also a) ran a data reuse workshop, b) participated in planning meetings, c) presented the goals of our research and of this new collaboration at a public event, d) was given extensive tours of Tharros and other important nearby sites. Subsequently, we have been co-planning for the 2025 field season via online meetings and correspondence.
Collaborator Contribution Both TARP and the Fondazione have been most accommodating and enthusiastic in collaborating and co-planning, including in providing infrastructure, combining already planned activities with new ones, agreeing to take on some of the work involved etc.
Impact - archaeological data reuse workshop - public presentation - collaboration meetings - agreement on collaboration, co-planning of next steps
Start Year 2024
 
Description Collaboration between TETRARCHs, the Tharros Archaeological Research Project (TARP) and Fondazione Mont'e Prama 
Organisation University of Massachusetts Amherst
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution TETRARCHs, in consultation with the leaders of the Tharros Archaeological Research Project (TARP) and the Fondazione Mont'e Prama, put together a plan for a portfolio of a) archaeological storytelling data reuse workshops, b) community outreach, c) field experiments for 2025, expanding on previous TETRARCHs work (see Toumba Serron, 2024). During October 2024, TETRARCHs also a) ran a data reuse workshop, b) participated in planning meetings, c) presented the goals of our research and of this new collaboration at a public event, d) was given extensive tours of Tharros and other important nearby sites. Subsequently, we have been co-planning for the 2025 field season via online meetings and correspondence.
Collaborator Contribution Both TARP and the Fondazione have been most accommodating and enthusiastic in collaborating and co-planning, including in providing infrastructure, combining already planned activities with new ones, agreeing to take on some of the work involved etc.
Impact - archaeological data reuse workshop - public presentation - collaboration meetings - agreement on collaboration, co-planning of next steps
Start Year 2024
 
Description Academic Lecture at UCL 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact 20 people attended an academic lecture titled: "Making Worlds with Artists and Archaeologists" that discussed TETRARCHS and the Avebury Papers project. The presentation was to a mixture of artists, academic and commercial archaeologists.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2025
URL https://www.archaeologyheritageart.net/programme-202425/morgan
 
Description Collaboration meeting between TETRARCHs members, members of the Tharros Archaeological Research Project (TARP) and members of the Fondazione Mont'e Prama at Cabras, Sardinia, Italy, October 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was the first official, in person meeting of a longer collaboration between TETRARCHs, the Tharros Archaeological Research Project (TARP) and the Fondazione Mont'e Prama. The aim was to discuss common ground, potential TETRARCHs experiments in the field and with hitherto disempowered communities, as well as plan ahead for implementing these leading up, during and following the 2025 excavation season (June 2025). TARP and Fondazione colleagues were enthused by the TETRARCHs potential and firm plans were made for year-long collaboration, as well as the design of activities for 2025.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2024/11/08/the-tetrarchs-project-in-sardinia-october-2024/
 
Description Computer Applications in Archaeology International Conference, Auckland 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact As part of the session "The Ethics of Open Data" the results of the "TETRARCHs Workshop on Data Evaluation and Recommendations" were presented as a paper titled "Reimagining Archaeological Data Management Workflows through the Lens of Reuse." The purpose of this presentation was to receive feedback from a key international community about the research findings. This resulted in a long and thoughtful discussion about the impact of the proposed changes in professional practice, which are now informing the direction of both TETRARCHs and the Archaeology Data Service.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://2024.caaconference.org/programme/
 
Description Data Managers as Storytellers, Presentation of TETRARCHs methodology at Lund University, April 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact In this presentation, Sara Perry made the case for reorienting approaches to the archaeological data life cycle, including the roles and responsibilities of data stakeholders (e.g., data creators, curators, depositors, managers, users, etc.), around storytelling. The presentation was an active participation of TETRARCHs in the wider dialogue, facilitated by the Lund workshop, regarding advanced archaeological documentation and open linked data.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://zenodo.org/records/11082445
 
Description From Digital Fields to Inclusive Futures: Towards Ethical and Participatory Approaches in Archaeological Data Acquisition and Management 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact A short presentaiton about the approach to digital archaeology, inspired by TETRARCHS, taken at the site of Toumba Serron Greece. Deleivered to a workshop with 10 professional practitioners in Lund. Subsequently made available by Zeonodo and at time of submission viewed by 38 people and downloaded 42 times.
Abstract as follows:
This presentation will explore a transformative journey from the digitalisation of the Çatalhöyük Research Project to the current efforts of the Toumba Serron Research Project (TSRP) in Northern Greece, to integrate cutting-edge digital fi eld recording methods. Using a recording workfl ow that incorporates drone technology and 3D modelling, with a comprehensive Geographic Information System, the TSRP exemplifies increasingly common hybrid approaches to primary archaeological documentation. Central to this discourse will be the project's commitment to developing an inclusive digital research environment, rooted in the principles of an 'Archaeology of Care' as proposed by William Caraher (2019) under the banner of the Transforming Data Re-use in Archaeology (TETRARCHs) project. This approach not only acknowledges the human consequences of archaeological methods but also strives for the co-creation of knowledge through participatory design and the active involvement of local communities, despite facing significant challenges in doing so. It is hoped that the TSRP's methodological framework, characterised by its focus on accessibility, reusability, and ethical stewardship of digital data, will serve as a model for addressing the challenges of digital archaeology. By reflecting on the tensions between technological advancements and the need for multivocality in archaeological narratives, this talk invites a critical examination of how digital tools can foster an equitable, inclusive, and collaborative archaeological practice. We ask: what is the potential for digital methodologies to transform archaeological data into a shared resource, enhancing the visibility of diverse perspectives within the archaeological record and ensuring equitable access and control over this data by all stakeholders?
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://zenodo.org/records/11061113
 
Description Mid-term project meeting at Vilnius, Lithuania, May 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The project team assembled for a mid-term meeting in Vilnius, Lithuania, hosted by our colleagues at Vilnius University. We reviewed our activities to date, discussed our research results, experimented with storytelling, and began to plan for our summer fieldwork (in Slovenia, Sweden, Italy and Greece) and for the final year-and-a-half of our research programme.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2024/06/26/tetrarchs-celebrates-1-5-years/
 
Description Publicity for archaeological storytelling photographic data reuse workshop at Toumba Serron, July 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact This blog post was created by Aristotle School of Serres following their participation at our archaeological storytelling photographic data reuse workshop at Toumba Serron. It is highly complimentary of the archaeological team's efforts and approaches and helped to advertise these more widely.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.aristotelio.gr/oi-mikroi-archaiologoi-stin-anaskafi-tis-toubas-serron/
 
Description Publicity regarding Toumba Serron excavation, TETRARCHs members, and local community, Toumba Serron, Greece, July 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact At the same time as an archaeological photographic data workshop was run by TETRARCHs and the Toumba Serron excavation team for a regional association (the Serres Aviation Club), a regional TV station (Epiloges TV) covered the associated site tour and workshop. The President of the Aviation Club, Giorgos Vasileiou (who took part in the activities), also made a complimentary statement during the TV report, as did the Deputy Governor of Serres, Panayiotis Spyropoulos (who dropped into the photographic workshop), and the Mayor of the Emm. Papa Municipality, Dimitris Notas, all pledging their appreciation and support for the archaeological team's work.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2024/08/02/toumba-serron-and-tetrarchs-on-tv/
 
Description Storytelling & digital transformations: exploring new possibilities for archaeology, heritage, people and planet, TETRARCHs presentation at UCL Institute of Archaeology, London, October 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was a presentation on the purpose, scale, scope and impact of TETRARCHs. It led to informed and insightful debates regarding the social role of archaeology, as well as the challenges and opportunities for archaeological data reuse. Several colleagues of diverse seniority expressed interest in this research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Supermarket Ruins: Archaeological Stories for Our Times, Presentation at 14th International Illustration Research Symposium, UAL, 22-23 November 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation to a mixed audience of academics, illustrators, practitioners and students at the 14th International Illustration Research Symposium, held at UAL London on 22-23 November 2024. The presentation has led to the production of a visual essay to be published in 2025 in the Journal of Illustration, an exhibition held simultaneously at the venue, and the creation of a digital resource that will be launched in 2025.

Abstract: Today many institutions collect, manage, and display archaeological artefacts and data. Unfortunately, archaeology's current methods can make it difficult to tell stories, share findings and rediscover places in ways that are democratic, engaging and just.

This paper presents a live project being undertaken by the Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA), Recycle Archaeology, Transforming Data Reuse in Archaeology, and BA Illustration Animation Students at Kingston School of Art. Supermarket Ruins focuses on excavations undertaken in advance of the construction of a gigantic John Lewis store in Kingston Town Centre in the 1980s. During community excavations mediaeval buildings were unearthed. Following local agitation aimed at preserving this heritage, the ruins were encased in concrete and deposited in the basement of the new supermarket, where they remain today. The photographs, data and finds from the excavations were removed to the Museum of London Archaeological Archives but were never made available as a full report for the public to read.

In 2022, the ruins in the supermarket basement were made accessible to the public in a new community artspace under the John Lewis superstore (see below). For the first time since the original excavations the ruins became accessible for new kinds of place-making. Our project explores the storytelling possibilities of these ruins in a way that engages with the unpublished site archives as well as the future of superstores in our changing townscapes. Through creative collaboration between archaeologists and creative practitioners we will re-animate the photographs, documents, videos, and artefacts from the excavations alongside these ruins in the context of late capitalism. Deselected archaeological artefacts from excavations nearby will be supplied by Recycle Archaeology, allowing students to engage with the remnants of goods made and used, bought and sold, during the centuries when the ruins were inhabited.

This paper reports on the first results of our experiments created over the course of Supermarket Ruins' early stages. We document and discuss how archaeologists and illustrators interacted at our workshops and events inside the supermarket basement and at Museum of London Archaeology to investigate how interdisciplinary collaborations might provide a template for 'heritage as process', reanimating the everyday spaces of our past and present town centre ruins as spaces of visual storytelling and co-creation.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://illustrationandheritage.com/static/img/I&H_symposium_booklet.pdf
 
Description TETRARCHs Monthly Online Seminar Series "What can data do for us?" 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Since its launch in early 2023, the seminar series has thus far hosted 22 speakers over 16 sessions, with more than 1753 registrants from at least 45 countries (including Angola, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Croatia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy, KSA Saudi, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, UAE, UK (4 nations), USA). The series has led to new questions, new contacts, new relationships between attendees, new insights onto our own research, and new ideas for future research and practice.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024,2025
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/category/seminars/
 
Description TETRARCHs Workshop on Data Evaluation and Recommendations 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This workshop presented the TETRARCHs data model to a carefully selected group of international range of data mappers and data managers who work with archaeological data. The purpose of the workshop was to consult with this group on the viability of the TETRARCHs approach, and assess the level of acceptance the approach would have within the sector.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description TETRARCHs presentation at the Mont'e Prama Foundation, Cabras, Sardinia, October 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was a public presentation delivered by Sara Perry on the nascent collaboration between TETRARCHs and the Tharros Archaeological Research Team (TARP) during a public outreach event of the Fondazione Mont'e Prama and the Tharros archaeological team. The audience was enthused by the possibility to get involved in co-designing tools and methods for archaeological capture and data reuse, with some audience members (who previously felt excluded) expressing gratitude at the possibility of being involved.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2024/11/08/the-tetrarchs-project-in-sardinia-october-2024/
 
Description TETRARCHs-Kingston University collaboration workshop #1 at Kingston University, Kingston, London, UK 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact This was the first of two workshops resulting from the ongoing collaboration between TETRARCHs and Kingston University colleagues. It involved postgraduate students in Illustration and Museum Studies experimenting with archaeological archival materials as well as recycle archaeological artefacts, in order to produce a series of reflections and artworks. This led to debates and fruitful engagement with the archival (2D) and recycled (3D) materials provided, and was also incorporated in and impacted on the students' assessed work.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2025/02/01/supermarket-ruins/
 
Description TETRARCHs-Kingston University collaboration workshop #2 at Kingston University, Kingston, London, UK 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact This was the second of two workshops resulting from the ongoing collaboration between TETRARCHs and Kingston University colleagues. It involved postgraduate students in Illustration and Museum Studies presenting the work which resulted directly from experimenting with archaeological archival materials as well as recycle archaeological artefacts, in order to produce a series of reflections and artworks. The presentations created a virtual exhibition on archaeological data reuse, as well as artistic creative processes and practice in the context of student assessment and industry. Plans were made for some students to co-present and exhibit their work, in collaboration with the TETRARCHs-Kingston professional researchers, at the 'International Illustration Research Symposium, Illustration & Heritage: Sharing Stories to Draw Out Futures', at the Chelsea College of Art, University of the Arts, London, on 22-23 November 2024.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2025/02/01/supermarket-ruins/
 
Description The Thinking Field: Ring-Fencing Creative Space in Digital Archaeological Practice 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presntation at a weorkshop on Digital Impacts on Archaeological Fieldwork, attended by various practioners in Greece, where I promoted thinking and approaches developed at Toumba Serron as part of TETRARCHs.
Abstract as follows:
Digital practices have become integral to archaeological fieldwork, yet they often replicate traditional methods without fully leveraging the transformative potential of digital technologies. This paper argues that as best practices in digital archaeology evolve - driven by disciplinary research agendas, infrastructure development, and data standards - we must move beyond mere emulation of analog approaches. By socializing technology and embracing innovative digital tools, we can fundamentally transform our workflows. Crucially, as we do so, we must ringfence space for creative and playful interpretation within these workflows, ensuring they are protected from exploitation in the name of economic efficiency. Prioritizing this "space to think" is essential for fostering deeper and more meaningful insights into the past and advancing the value of digital methods upon the discipline.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description WHAT STORIES ARE (OR CAN BE) TOLD WITH ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA?: EXPERIMENTS IN SITE PHOTO REUSE WITH DIFFERENT AUDIENCES, Presentation at the 30th annual European Association of Archaeologists conference, Rome, 28-31 August 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact A presentation delivered on 31 August 2024 at the 30th annual European Association of Archaeologists conference, Rome, 28-31 August 2024 attended by approx 50 international delegates, which led to questions and discussion and further refinement of research based on feedback.

Abstract:
Archaeologists create vast amounts of specialised data, yet these are often difficult to access and reuse, even for practitioners themselves. Reuse, in particular, is hindered by the fact that archaeological data progressively lose their complexity and nuance as they are gathered and structured in different recording and storage systems. Such systems regularly force us to strip our data of the meaning and dynamism needed to convey rich and complicated narratives about the past. This denuded data landscape severely disservices archaeologists. It excludes other professionals and policy makers from engaging with and being inspired by our work. Most problematically it alienates local communities from the cultural heritage they may care about and from which they may wish to benefit.

Transforming Data Reuse in Archaeology (TETRARCHs: www.tetrarchs.org) is an international project dedicated to enriching archaeological data at all points in their life for more wide-ranging and expressive reuse. In this talk, we present the results of TETRARCHs' storytelling experiments with archaeological photographs from a long-excavated site in central London, England, conducted with nearly 100 people from distinct communities: archaeologists (representing a range of sub-specialities), creative practitioners, school children and others working or living near to the site. We demonstrate how these communities 'optimise' archaeological photos for storytelling; we discuss the commonalities and divergences between approaches taken by specialists and non-specialists in exerting imagination and creativity onto the data; and we reflect on the tropes and biases seemingly inherent in even the most mundane archaeological photographic records and picture-taking habits. Drawing on photographic and narrative theory, critical data studies, and participatory design, we argue for revising our basic approaches to data recording and data deposition with storytelling in mind, in order to realise more fertile, democratic and just interpretations of the past.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.e-a-a.org/EAA2024/Programme.aspx?WebsiteKey=20b5538d-68f8-4056-9596-1ae1ce0ead47&hkey=fe...
 
Description What is the potential for designing new archaeological institutions? Invited seminar for UCL Institute of Archaeology Seminar Series: London Past, Present and Future London, 18 March 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited presentation to at the UCL Institute of Archaeology Seminar Series: London Past, Present and Future London, on 18 March in London. The talk touched upon the TETRARCHs project as part of wider efforts to reimagine professional institutions in archaeology. An audience of approx 50 people joined, with questions and discussion afterwards. Sara was subsequently offered a permanent position at UCL.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/events/2024/mar/what-potential-designing-new-archaeological-instit...
 
Description Workshop between TETRARCHs members, members of the Tharros Archaeological Research Project (TARP) and members of the Fondazione Mont'e Prama at Cabras, Sardinia, Italy, October 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This workshop was connected to the collaboration meeting between the three bodies, which was meant to help with finding ways to work together and plan for the 2025 excavation season field experimentation and non-archaeologist engagement/co-design. All participants partook in a version of the experiments with archaeological photographic archival data which the UCL TETRARCHs team had been conducting at other sites (London, Kingston, Toumba Serron). At the end of the workshop, participants stated that they were very excited by the possibility of running such experiments with non-archaeological stakeholders - and that engaging with archaeological data in this way had changed their outlook of their practice.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2024/11/08/the-tetrarchs-project-in-sardinia-october-2024/
 
Description Workshop of photographic data reuse by TETRARCHs with local flight club, Toumba Serron, Greece, July 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This workshop used photographic data from the archaeological archive of the site of Toumba Serron for archaeological storytelling. In line with previous and subsequent such experiments, it aimed to engage and experiment with a local community (regional association, the Serres Aviation Club, made up of diverse members, e.g. doctors, actors, craftspeople), in order to derive data of archaeological data reuse. 9 people participated from the wider area of Serres. During and after the workshop (which also included a brief tour of the archaeology lab, as well as a visit to the site during excavation), participants expressed their enthusiasm for the work done by the team, but also for the novel approaches (e.g. experimentation with 2D data reuse, 3D modelling etc.). The Deputy Governor of Serres, Panayiotis Spyropoulos, also dropped into the workshop and was complimentary of the overall novel approaches of the archaeological team.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2024/08/02/toumba-serron-and-tetrarchs-on-tv/
 
Description Workshop of photographic data reuse by TETRARCHs with local school children, Toumba Serron, Greece, July 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact This workshop consisted of four components: a) a tour of the archaeological site; b) a storytelling workshop reusing archaeological photographic data from the site of Toumba Serron; c) experimentation with imaginative labeling of 3D, original artefacts; d) a tour of the archaeology lab. The workshop involved 5 children and 2 adults (educators) from a nearby school, Aristotle School of Serres. The participants were informed about the site and the goals of TETRARCHs in age-adjusted ways, were encouraged to be creative with the past, and expressed interest in the new ways in which we were approaching and studying it. They also offered really useful discussions on data reuse from the user perspectives.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://www.tetrarchs.org/index.php/2024/07/29/toumba-serron-and-tetrarchs-co-create-with-local-scho...
 
Description Workshop of photographic data reuse by TETRARCHs with project creative residents, March 2024 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact We conducted one of a series of archaeological photographic data reuse workshops with 4 creative residents of TETRARCHs, who responded very differently to other focus groups that we have had. It was a fruitful workshop that offered different, stimulating responses, discussions and insights to our research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Workshop of reflections on photographic data reuse by TETRARCHs with prior archaeologist focus groups, London, June 2024. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This workshop involved most of the archaeologist participants from TETRARCHs' prior archaeological photography data reuse and storytelling workshops, after the completion of a cycle of such workshops which also included creative practitioners and children. The aim of this specific workshop was to reflect, engage with and give feedback about the preliminary results of these workshops that the MOLA/UCL team had come up with. This did indeed lead to deep reflection, informed the research and a portion of forthcoming peer-reviewed academic paper, as well as gave participants the opportunity to be involved with this kind of research and disciplinary change in archaeological practice.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024