Why Does the Past Matter? Emotional Attachments to the Historic Urban Environment

Lead Research Organisation: University of Glasgow
Department Name: School of Social & Political Sciences

Abstract

The role of heritage within public policies has recently been elevated within both national and international contexts. The Scottish Government's strategy Our Place in Time began a process of "mainstreaming the historic environment across national government policies" (2014:13) whereas UNESCO's Historic Urban Landscapes approach (2011) was designed to integrate "the goals of urban heritage conservation and those of social and economic development" (2014:5). The potential for heritage to contribute to a range of agendas is therefore well recognised within public policy. However, despite this rhetoric there is still an acknowledgment that the heritage sector has not fully evidenced the reasons why the past matters to a range of individuals. This is clearly demonstrated by the Scottish Government, who within the same Strategy document, stated their need to "improve our understanding of the role and impact the historic environment plays in all aspects of our lives - for example, its role in identity, well-being and sense of place" (2014:15). This project sits firmly within this context as its central aim is to examine the range of factors that contribute to the development of emotional attachments between people and the historic urban environment and the extent to which these factors are considered within the designation and management of heritage in the UK. Contained within this context are three central research questions:

RQ1: To what extent, and for what reasons, do changes to the urban environment expose emotional attachments between people and historic places?

RQ2: In what ways, and for what reasons, do individuals express their emotional attachments to the historic urban environment during times of urban change?

RQ3: To what extent, and how, are emotional attachments to place considered during the designation and management of historic urban assets?

The central core of the project engages with the emotional turn within heritage studies through conducting an analysis of the ways in which emotional attachments form between people and their historic urban environment. Previously described as the "elephant in the room of heritage and museum studies" (Smith and Campbell, 2016) emotion is increasingly becoming an influential theme within heritage studies. The project is premised on the belief that changes to urban environments can unlock previously latent emotional attachments to historic urban buildings. As such a number of urban case studies are examined through a combination of documents from privately held and rarely accessed archives, and newly-created data from place-based oral histories and focus groups. This existing and new data will then be subjected to analysis to try to examine the extent to which, and reasons why, the past matters to a range of individuals from heritage professionals to non-heritage professionals, defined as those people who are locally embedded within the historic urban environment, such as residents and activists.
 
Title Infographic: How and where do emotional attachments influence decision making within the urban environment? 
Description An infographic that demonstrates the answer to RQ2: 2. How do emotional attachments influence decision making within the urban environment? 
Type Of Art Image 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Being used at both academic and professional policy/practice events as a way to stimulate discussion on emotion, heritage and placemaking. 
URL https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/socialpolitical/research/urbanstudies/projects/whydohistoricplacesmatt...
 
Title Personalities of Historic Places - Why Do Historic Places Matter? 
Description Historic urban places matter economically, environmentally and socially. But more than that, they matter emotionally. But why? This animation was created for Why Do Historic Places Matter?, a research project led by Professor Rebecca Madgin, Urban Studies, in partnership with Historic Environment Scotland, Montagu Evans LLP, and Save Britain's Heritage. It presents the concept of personalities of historic places as part of the answer to why people form emotional attachments to urban heritage. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Being shown at both academic and professional policy/practice events as a way to stimulate discussion on emotion, heritage and placemaking. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZshZ3Fv1O90
 
Description This work is innovative in the ways that it has produced an understanding of 1. How and why people develop emotional attachments to historic urban places and also 2.
how these attachments influence decision making within the urban environment. The work found that people form emotional attachments to the 'personalities of historic urban places' which are comprised of tangible and intangible dimensions. This is a significant finding in that it outlines, for the first time and in a holistic manner, the importance of the connection between people and place in heritage significance. This advances understandings of heritage by refuting the traditional 'physical fabric' centred approach to valuing heritage and by significantly extending the emerging 'people-centred' approach to heritage value by centring the importance of the emotional connection between people and place. In addition to this the work also developed a broad understanding of the range of emotional responses to historic urban places including what the responses are and how they are influenced. Furthermore, the work also significantly shifts our understandings of communities away from the traditional views of geography and interest to recognise that emotional communities are evident in the process of valuing heritage. Finally, the research also produced a sophisticated understanding of where and the extent to which emotion influences decision making in the urban development cycle - this runs contrary to traditional understandings which seek to neglect or reject the role of emotion in planning practices and policies.
Exploitation Route There are clear opportunities for future work to consider how the findings can inform policies and practices in heritage management and the wider built environment sector especially with relation to Levelling Up, Placemaking and the value of heritage. Some unplanned for impacts are happening as well as the impacts suggested in the pathways and impact summary section on the original bid application.
Sectors Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/socialpolitical/research/urbanstudies/projects/whydohistoricplacesmatter/
 
Description Professor Madgin has, as a result of her work in this area, been invited to give a number of CPD talks to local and national practitioners and organisations in the UK, China and Australia concerning links between the findings and future policies and practices. Furthermore, as a direct result of this work on heritage, emotion and place, the PI now sits on a number of national advisory committees and/or working groups with strategic remits across the heritage and built environment sectors in England, Wales and Scotland. Future impact plans have been delayed by COVID19. Furthermore, the research is now also being used as part of research-led teaching at the postgraduate level for existing and emerging practitioners, many on professionally accredited courses such as those accredited by the Royal Town Planning Institute, and the material has been delivered to students in the UK, China and Australia. This ensures that the impacts of the work are being used by both existing practitioners and organisations locally, nationally and internationally as well as shaping the work of emerging heritage and built environment professions. Impact is being realised at a national and local level, most particularly through the use of 'place attachment' in local planning and placemaking documents and within national level committees.
First Year Of Impact 2017
Sector Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Societal,Economic,Policy & public services

 
Description Canal and River Trust
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description Developing 10/20 credit PGT Course
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact Developed a 10 and 20 credit version of a course entitled 'Urban Conservation' which is informed by and largely based on the findings from the AHRC project. This course is part of degrees accredited by the RTPI and as such provides an integral part of training for future professionals in the heritage and planning sectors. Currently 48 students.
 
Description Expert Advisory Group: Historic England
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description Glasgow Place Commission
Geographic Reach Local/Municipal/Regional 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
 
Description Historic England 'Historic Places Panel'
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description Historic Places Panel
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
URL https://historicengland.org.uk/about/who-we-are/committees-and-panels/historic-places-panel/
 
Description Historical Urbanism Symposium
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/historical-urbanism-symposium-tickets-160550531963#
 
Description Local Recognition Working Group: Historic Environment Scotland
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
 
Description PGT Teaching: Sydney
Geographic Reach Australia 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact Taught classes as part of postgraduate degrees in Architecture, Design and Planning at the University of Sydney. This is to train existing and emerging practitioners in heritage management. The classes were based on the AHRC project findings and on thinking through how comparative best practices could be considered within Australia. Approx 20-30 students.
 
Description Royal Town Planning Institute
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.rtpi.org.uk/events-training-and-awards/ypc2021/
 
Description Talk for Historic Environment Scotland
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
 
Description Talk for Lincolnshire County Council
Geographic Reach Local/Municipal/Regional 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
 
Description Work cited in Place Commission Report (Glasgow)
Geographic Reach Local/Municipal/Regional 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
Impact Place attachment is recognised in the report as being an influential aspect of planning and place-making which is quoted in the report as "The neglect of emotional attachment as a factor in many current professional methodologies in planning and development processes could be said to explain, at least in part, the degree of dispute that can arise with many projects that concentrate on geographic location, material form and investment and disregard meaning and value."
URL https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/placecommission
 
Description Knowledge Exchange Flexible Fund
Amount £11,840 (GBP)
Organisation University of Glasgow 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2019 
End 07/2020
 
Description AHRC Leadership Fellows Conference 
Organisation Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Participated in the AHRC Leadership Fellows Conference at Brunel University in November 2017. Dr Madgin gave a short presentation to her research and participated in networking and learning events provided by the AHRC with other Leadership Fellows and AHRC staff members.
Collaborator Contribution The AHRC hosted the event.
Impact Shared knowledge between researchers; ongoing working relationships between Leadership Fellows; article in professional journal sourced by Dr Madgin in her role as Editorial Board member for one of the other Leadership Fellows met at the conference (due to be published in IHBC, 'Context' in May 2018).
Start Year 2017
 
Description Visiting Professor at the University of Melbourne 
Organisation University of Melbourne
Country Australia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Professor Rebecca Madgin spent just under three months at the University of Melbourne as a Visiting Professor in the School of History, Art and Philosophy sponsored by Professor Andy May. Rebecca gave a paper at the seminar series about the research project, contributed to the Melbourne History Workshop, and worked on publications from the project as well as holding meetings within the University and heritage sector.
Collaborator Contribution Prof Andy May and SHAPS provided intellectual support and resources for Professor Madgin to further develop her findings in the context of current research into heritage theory and practice. Meetings were also held with various staff members and PhD students across the University to discuss the methods and findings and to ensure that inter-disciplinary perspectives helped to shape the analysis and writing process. Professor Andy May also introduced Professor Madgin to stakeholders working within the heritage sector in Melbourne and across Victoria. Professor Madgin gave talks and held meetings with various stakeholders that each informed the analysis and writing up processes.
Impact Publications currently in 'submitted' form include two book chapters and an edited book. CPD talk: Invited talk to the Heritage Council of Victoria on the findings on the project entitled: 'Managing Continuity and Change: A Place for Emotional Significance?' Professor May is also working with Professor Madgin on a KE Flexible Fund project
Start Year 2019
 
Description Visiting Professor at the University of Sydney 
Organisation University of Sydney
Country Australia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Professor Rebecca Madgin gave two talks - one an internal seminar on the methods used in the project and the second the annual public lecture on heritage. Professor Madgin also contributed to two different courses on PGT programmes and held a number of meetings with staff and students to discuss the findings and future project ideas.
Collaborator Contribution Dr James Lesh, Dr Cameron Logan and Professor Andrew Leech and the Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning provided intellectual support and resources for Professor Madgin to further develop her findings in the context of current research into heritage theory and practice. Opportunities for research talks on the methods and findings were provided as well as providing space to deliver research-led teaching drawing directly on this project's findings. Meetings were also held with various staff members and PhD students across the University to discuss the methods and findings and to ensure that inter-disciplinary perspectives helped to shape the analysis and writing process. Dr James Lesh also introduced Professor Madgin to stakeholders working within the heritage sector in Sydney and also in Melbourne . Professor Madgin gave talks and held meetings with various stakeholders that each informed the analysis and writing up processes.
Impact Talks: Two invited talks hosted by the University of Sydney and one talk facilitated by an introduction from Dr James Lesh to the annual ICCOMOS Australia conference in Canberra Teaching: Two separate classes informed by the findings from this research project
Start Year 2019
 
Description AHRC Leadership Fellows Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Participated in the AHRC Leadership Fellows Conference at Brunel University in November 2017. Dr Madgin gave a short presentation to her research and participated in networking and learning events provided by the AHRC with other Leadership Fellows and AHRC staff members.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description AHRC/JPICH Workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Dr Madgin was invited to speak to this workshop on the theme of Conservation and Planning. She spoke about key themes arising from the 'Why Does the Past Matter? Emotional Attachments to the Historic Urban Environment' research project.

The workshop provided the opportunity to showcase current research in the sub themes of Conservation and Planning, Diversity and Communities, Immersive,
multi-sensory engagement and virtual reality and Contested Heritage. The workshop was also designed to act as a platform to generate discussion and thoughts about the long-term strategy of the Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage- jpi-culturalheritage.eu.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description CPD London 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact CPD Talk held at Montagu Evans LLP offices in London to feedback on the emerging findings of the project and to consider the next stages of the project. Discussion was sparked around the applicability of the findings in practice.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description CPD Talk Edinburgh 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact CPD Talk given to members of staff at Montagu Evans LLP in Edinburgh concerning the methods and findings from the AHRC project. Discussion was sparked on the relevance for current and future theory and practice of heritage.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description CPD Talk: Heritage Council of Victoria 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact CPD Talk entitled Managing Continuity and Change: A Place for Emotional Significance? given to the Heritage Council of Victoria. The intention was to consider the findings of the AHRC project in the context of current and future policies and practices around heritage management. The event was attended by members of the Council at their annual planning day and sparked a number of questions about how to utilise the findings in practice and comparative best practices.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Cambridge Heritage Research Centre Talk 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact I gave an invited talk to the Cambridge Heritage Research Centre entitled 'Why do historic places matter? Emotional Attachments to Urban Heritage'
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.heritage.arch.cam.ac.uk/events/chrc-lunchtime-heritage-seminars-why-do-historic-places-m...
 
Description Conference Session 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Dr Madgin organised with Dr James Lesh a session at the European Association of Urban History conference on the themes of the 'Why Does the Past Matter? Emotional Attachments to the Historic Urban Environment' project. The session was entitled: Urban Histories of Heritage: Emotion and Experience in Comparative and Transnational Perspective, 1750 -
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Conference Session 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Dr Madgin organised with Dr James Lesh a session at the Association for Critical Heritaeg Studies conference on the themes of the 'Why Does the Past Matter? Emotional Attachments to the Historic Urban Environment' project. The session was entitled: Histories of Urban Heritage: Emotional and Experiential Attachments across Time and Space

A follow-up publication is currently being prepared
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Invited Seminar: Kings College 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited Talk to KCL Geography department for a talk entitled: 'Urban Conservation and Urban Development: Why Retain the Past?' Discussion was sparked and questions related to the academic findings and contributions to multidisciplinary literatures as well as thinking through how to consider the findings in current and future practice/policy.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Invited Seminar: Sydney 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited Seminar to discuss the 'emoji' methods developed as part of the AHRC project. Discussion was sparked and focused on the wider applicability of the methods for both research and within practice.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Invited Talk: Canberra 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited to be a discussant in a workshop to discuss Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) as part of the annual International Council on Monuments and Sites (Australia). This event fed into developing the working guidelines for ICH in Australia and discussion was sparked around the project findings and how they could inform the guidelines.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Invited Talk: Melbourne 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited talk to School of Art, History and Philosophy at the University of Melbourne entitled: Why Does the Past Matter? Emotional Attachments to Historic Urban Places. Discussion was sparked around the applicability of the findings for practice and also in the context of future inter-disciplinary research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Invited Talk: Shanghai 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Keynote speaker at the Second International Conference on Built Heritage Studies (BHS 2019) held at Tongji University (home to UNESCO World Heritage training centre). The talk discussed comparative heritage practice in China and the UK by bringing together the findings of the AHRC project with earlier work conducted in China with Dr Toby Lincoln.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description KCL Talk 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact I gave a talk to Kings College London entitled: 'Urban Conservation and Urban Development: Why Retain the Past?
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.kcl.ac.uk/events/urban-conservation-and-urban-development-why-retain-the-past
 
Description Public Lecture 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Public lecture to deliver the findings of the AHRC project. The talk was entitled 'Back to the Future: A Place for Emotional Significance within Urban Conservation?' https://www.sydney.edu.au/architecture/news-and-events/events/back-to-the-future.html

The event led to a number of questions and sparked discussion about heritage theory and practice and also resulted in a number of follow-on conversations surrounding taking the ideas forward into practice.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description SAVE Britain's Heritage Talk 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I gave an invited talk to the friends and members of Project Partner, SAVE Britain's Heritage.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.savebritainsheritage.org/events/item/746/Why-do-Historic-Places-Matter
 
Description Seminar Paper 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Dr Madgin gave a seminar paper in the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Modern and Contemporary History seminar series entitled Why Does Heritage Matter? Valuing Glasgow's Historic Environment, 1945-2018.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Seminar Paper 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Dr Madgin gave a paper to DeMontfort University's History seminar series entitled: 'Why Do Sporting Places Matter?' This used case study examples from Glasgow and drew directly from research carried out for the 'Why Does the Past Matter? Emotional Attachments to the Historic Urban Environment' project.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Stirling University Talk 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact I gave a talk to Stirling University in their History, Heritage and Politics divisional seminar series entitled: Why does the Past Matter? Emotional Attachments to Historic Urban Places.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Talk for Cambridge Heritage Research Centre 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Talk for Cambridge Heritage Research Centre on AHRC Emotional Attachments project
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Talk for Historic Environment Scotland 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited talk for Historic Environment Scotland to discuss the findings of our AHRC emotional attachments project
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Talk for Royal Town Planning Institute 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Talk given for RTPI Young Planners Scotland. Work on emotional attachments to historic urban places discussed.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.rtpi.org.uk/events/2021/october/young-planners-conference/
 
Description Talk for Save Britain's Heritage 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited talk for SAVE discussing the findings from our AHRC emotional attachments project
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Urban Heritage Futures for History and Historical Methods 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Association of Critical Heritage Studies conference session entitled Urban Heritage Futures for History and Historical Methods - round table that brought together urban historians to discuss the future of the field.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Why Historic Places Matter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Spoke at the first seminar of the University of Glasgow's 'Challenges in Changing Cities' event with Tom Mayes from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, America. The event was attended by over 100 people including a mixture of academics and practitioners. This event shared international information on emotional attachments to an international audience.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Why Historic Places Matter: Project Launch 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Project launch event with speakers from project partners and the PI. Over 100 people attended.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/socialpolitical/research/urbanstudies/projects/whydohistoricplacesmatt...
 
Description Working Group 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Member of the 'Local Recognition Working Group' recently convened by Historic Environment Scotland. My role was to bring the findings of the AHRC project into the discussion about how best to consider local recognition within heritage management.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019