War Widows' Stories

Lead Research Organisation: Liverpool John Moores University
Department Name: Sch of Humanities and Social Science

Abstract

This Fellowship, led by Dr Nadine Muller, will act as a case study and provide a critical appraisal of how participatory research methods (creative arts and oral histories) can facilitate the co-production of both traditional and innovative research outputs in the fields of literature and cultural history. By working with four high-profile partners - War Widows' Association of Great Britain (WWA), Royal Museums Greenwich (RMG), the National Memorial Arboretum (NMA), and the Imperial War Museums (IWM) - and volunteers and participants (war widows and their children), the research will:

1. assess the potential and challenges of employing these participatory research methods
2. evaluate the impact of research co-production on researchers and participants.
3. identify the obstacles that currently prevent early-career researchers in our disciplines from carrying out work with non-academic audiences.

By focusing on untold stories of war widows in Britain since 1945, the Fellowship will allow Dr Muller to establish herself as a research leader who:

i) pushes the methodological boundaries to diversify the ways in which literary scholars and cultural historians design and conduct research;
ii) promotes the idea that traditional academic outputs and creative research outputs are complementary, and equal in scholarly value.

The research builds on a pilot phase (War Widows' Stories) that is nearing completion to examine what it is like to be a war widow in Britain since the end of the Second World War. War Widows Stories will raise awareness of the everyday lives of war widows and their families by creating an accessible, intricate cultural history of war widowhood that combines traditional academic research with the creative arts and oral history.

The research utilises participatory arts, oral history interviews and textual research to produce academic outputs that examine women's war widowhood in post-war and contemporary Britain (monograph) and Ireland (peer-reviewed article). The project will:

a) examine, among other literary and cultural sources, a number of archives (IWMs' digital collections, Iris Strange Collection, and the WWA's archives);
b) work with the WWA to record, analyse, and share the stories of war widows and their descendants through oral history interviews, art, and academic research.

This fellowship will paint a clearer picture of war widows' lived experiences in post-war Britain. Outputs will include:

a) oral history recordings and transcripts of up to twenty war widows and their children;
b) twelve trained volunteer interviewers from the war widows' community who will support war widows and their children to express and share their stories beyond the duration of the Fellowship has ended;
c) an exhibition-standard war widows quilt whose individual squares tell a collective story of participants' experiences of war widowhood;
d) poetry by war widows' and their children about their experiences of war widowhood;
e) a self-published book that collects the oral histories, poetry, and images of the war widows' quilt create a living online archive providing an intricate, multimedia cultural history of war widowhood in Britain;
f) academic research publications that explore the literary and cultural histories of war widowhood in Britain (monograph) and Ireland (peer-reviewed journal article);
g) a peer-reviewed journal article that reflects on the challenges and potential for using participatory research methods.

To pass on the skills required to conduct research with non-academic audiences, the Fellow will:

a) mentor the project's Research Assistant to gain knowledge of participatory methods, research impact, and engagement strategies;
b) host an event targeted at a cohort of early-career researchers whose work falls into areas related to the Fellowship work, including the histories and literatures of war, war and gender, and commemoration and

Planned Impact

The proposed Fellowship is designed to effect change in cultural institutions, the general public, and war widows and their families.

At present, war widows' experiences are omitted from public institutions. The fellowship's exhibition-standard creative outputs and the academic research it produces will enable our partners - the Royal Museums Greenwich, the National Memorial Arboretum, and the Imperial War Museums - to redress this gap in their exhibitions, collections, publications, and events, thus providing a more comprehensive picture of the history of war in Britain, and connecting directly with the people who are the subjects of their exhibitions.

The Fellowship will raise public awareness of war widows' lives since the Second World War and up to the present day. It will do so through:

a) Oral history interviews that tell individual, first-hand stories of war widowhood, which will be otherwise be lost forever. In 2016, Ministry of Defence records showed 18,950 women were recorded as being in receipt of a war widows' pension or its modern-day equivalent. Only five years earlier, the figure stood at 28,425 (every year, over 8% of Britain's war widows die).

b) Participatory arts (poetry and quilting) that convey aspects of war widows' stories that conventional written or spoken forms cannot;

c) A living online archive, hosted on the War Widows' Stories website, that will be used to curate interview transcripts and recordings, participants' poetry, images of and explanatory commentary on the proposed war widows' quilt, as well as academic research on the history of war widowhood in Britain;

d) The War Widows' Stories book (print and digital), which will contain a selection of the contents hosted on the living online archive;

e) A public launch event at the National Maritime Museum in early September 2019, presenting the fellowship's outputs to the public during the eightieth anniversary of the outbreak of the Second World War.

The Fellowship will effect change for war widows and their families by enabling them to express and share their stories of war widowhood, by fostering a sense of community, and by enhancing their wellbeing. Oral history interviews and participatory arts are vital means of helping war widows and their relatives to share and reflect on their lived experiences in their own words. These activities give participants an opportunity to work through difficult memories via the process of storytelling and creative arts. In addition, they give participants a sense that they, their stories, and experiences are valued. By training twelve volunteer interviewers from the war widows community, I intend to give back to the community with whom I work as well as helping to ensure the longevity of the project beyond academic involvement.

Publications

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Blackburn L (2019) The War Widows' Quilt

 
Title The War Widows' Quilt 
Description In this film by John Felix, researchers, artists, and war widows share the stories behind a new piece of art: the War Widows' Quilt. The War Widows' Quilt was made by over 90 war widows. This deeply emotional artwork represents shares loss and the untold history of the widows that war leaves behind. Each square in the quilt and each poem tells stories of grief, survival, love, hope, and new beginnings. Making the quilt gave opportunities for the women involved to tell their stories on their own terms and in their own words. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2019 
Impact The film raises awareness of war widows' lives, of the project, and has improved war widows' wellbeing by making them feel valued, heard, and recognised. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtmGvDb8wDE&list=UUMInSHM3DDmvbKcCPcPFaXA&index=2&t=0s
 
Title The War Widows' Quilt 
Description The War Widows' Quilt was made by over 90 war widows. This deeply emotional artwork represents shares loss and the untold history of the widows that war leaves behind. Each square in the quilt and each poem tells stories of grief, survival, love, hope, and new beginnings. Making the quilt gave opportunities for the women involved to tell their stories on their own terms and in their own words. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2019 
Impact The War Widows' Quilt has made a significant impact on the wellbeing of war widows and their families, has raised public awareness of war widows' lives, supports war widows' advocacy, and redresses a significant in the public history of war and armed conflict. 
URL http://www.warwidowsstories.org.uk/news/press-release-war-widows-quilt-commemorates-the-lives-loves-...
 
Title The War Widows' Quilt (Exhibition) 
Description The War Widows' Quilt was first exhibited from 7-11 November 2019 in the Great Hall at the Queen's House, Greenwich. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2019 
Impact The exhibition had a significant impact on war widows' wellbeing by making heard and acknowledging important the lives and losses of these women. The special celebration event that marked the launch of the exhibition was attended by 100 visitors and raised awareness of war widows' among the general public as well as among important stakeholders, such as politicians and armed forces charities. The exhibition was covered in a double-page spread in the Daily Express as well as in a dedicated segment on ITV News London. 
URL http://www.warwidowsstories.org.uk/news/daily-express-devotes-double-page-spread-to-war-widows-quilt...
 
Description The award has resulted in a body of oral history interviews with war widows and produced an open-access archive transcripts and recordings. These life stories informed the project's participatory arts practices and simultaneously highlight the diversity and common themes of war widowhood in contemporary Britain, including its financial, psychological, and social challenges. In documenting the issues that war widows face today, the interviews make a key contribution to our understanding of the diversity of war widows' identities and circumstances as well as their experiences.

The award has also resulted in some truly innovative participatory arts research practice. The War Widows' Quilt is an original, moving piece of participatory arts research that tells individual stories of widowhood since the Second World War through poetry and stitch and brings them together in a collective whole that is informed and inspired by the longer history of war widowhood. Lead artist Lois Blackburn, who has extensive experience and expertise in participatory arts practice with those who have experienced war and trauma, designed the quilt in homage to the quilts made by convalescing soldiers during the Crimean War (1853-56). It is framed by a collaborative piece of poetry from lead poet Philip Davenport, put together from individual poetry written by participants. Each quilt square is created by one of 98 war widows and tells their stories of love, loss, and grief across conflicts and generations, ranging from the Second World War, the Korean War, the Troubles, the Falklands, Iraq, and more. The War Widows' Quilt powerfully communicates the realities and effects of losing a loved one on grounds of their service in the armed forces. The quilt was first exhibited at The Queen's House, Greenwich, on 7-11 November 2019.

The award also funded a one-day training event, "The I-Word", at Liverpool John Moores University, for postgraduate and early-career researchers on research impact in the arts and humanities, with a particular focus on fostering and developing impactful participatory research practices in the arts and humanities.
Exploitation Route The oral history interview transcripts and recordings collected by the project are openly and freely accessible to everyone, meaning they can be used by stakeholders, policy makers, the public, the education sector for research, teaching, policy making, and awareness raising.

The War Widows' Quilt will be accessible virtually and in physical exhibitions. (Please see "Future Steps" for more information on this.)

The postgraduate and early-career researcher training day was designed to stimulate and enable new, creative, participatory, democratic ways of producing research and research impact.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL http://www.warwidowsstories.org.uk
 
Description War Widows' Stories has enabled war widows to tell their life stories through oral history interviews and art and, in doing so, created an intricate, participatory, accessible history of war widowhood in Britain. This has achieved three key types of impact: A) improving war widows' sense of wellbeing and facilitating their post-traumatic growth; B) raising awareness and increasing understanding of war widows' lives; and C) strengthening the political advocacy of war widows as a group. A) Improving war widows' wellbeing and facilitating post-traumatic growth WWS has worked directly with 128 war widows. The project has facilitated the post-traumatic growth of participants and of members of the wider war widows' community by making them feel heard, demonstrating the value of their life stories through publication and exhibition, helping them process and express their loss and grief through storytelling, poetry writing, and embroidery, and enabling them to understand their experiences as a shared history: "At last I was being listened to. There was relief to be able to talk about what had happened. For years no one wanted to know []. I now feel a sense of closure, of peace." (Rita Armin) "Even though you are talking about a deep, deep sadness, it gives you a feeling of freedom. And to see my husband's name and talk about him makes you think, 'There, that's the last thing I can do for you'." (Wendy Hutchinson) "I revisited some of my own baggage that I have not been able to deal with. I realised that I am still angry. I did not think of it as a social history but as an unfortunate personal event that I had to deal with." (Event Attendee) "Somehow it helps to say something, to express it out loud. I must have needed to do it. This has helped me a great deal." (Angela Evans) "Sewing my square gave me a strange sort of peace. I could think about how (my husband) died while I stitched so the sewing was giving me a control. It's hard to explain but it worked for me." (Lauran Hamilton) B) Improving war widows' political advocacy WWS has improved war widows' political advocacy by documenting and analysing war widows' experiences and thus contributing evidence and knowledge to the WWA's campaigns. On 15 November 2018, Baroness Janet Fookes, President of the WWA, drew on the project's oral history interviews and the War Widows' Quilt to seek support in the House of Lords for the WWA's campaign for the reinstatement of pensions to those women whose war widows' pensions had been stopped upon remarriage after their husbands' passing. Mary Moreland, WWA Chair, explained that "the quilt and the project help the Association raise awareness of the challenges war widows face every day. Our voices are sadly still absent from most public institutions, including museums. We cannot tell the stories of war without the stories of those left behind". Group Captain Mark D Heffron, Head of Welfare Policy at the Ministry of Defence, noted that the project's oral history interviews are 'thought provoking and powerful' and that the project showed 'a resolve to support all those who suffer as a loss of loved ones through war. We can all learn from these memories, experiences, and feelings of our war widows; we cannot and will not forget those who gave their lives in war, nor the sacrifice made by their widows". David Whimpenny, a Trustee for the Royal British Legion, acknowledged that "this work delivers a vitally important and missing element of the nation's archive of remembrance". C) Raising awareness and increasing understanding WWS has raised public awareness and increased understanding of war widows' lives through its outputs, events, and media coverage in the United Kingdom. The project and Muller's research have been featured extensively in the national media, including BBC Radio 3's Free Thinking and The Essay, BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour, BBC Arts Online, BBC Radio Scotland's Sunday Morning with Ricky Ross, ITV Wales News at Six, ITV News London, and in the Daily Express, reaching a total of 3,345,000 listeners, at least 4,936,200 viewers (ITV News London), and 295,079 readers (Daily Express). The project's website has received 8,410 unique visitors since its launch in 2016, while its events were attended by 201 members of the public. The War Widows' Quilt was exhibited at the Queen's House (Royal Museums Greenwich) from 8-11 November 2019, with the exhibition launch event attended by 100 guests, and with the exhibition period seeing 2,000+ visitors to the venue. Audiences attested to the fact that the project has significantly raised awareness and increased understanding of war widows' lives: "A reminder that bereavement lasts forever." (Event Attendee) "It's individuals speaking and that's why it touches me [] It communicates human experience to you." (Charlotte, Exhibition Visitor) "It's nice to get away from the poppy conversation. It's good not to go down the hero-worshipping route yet again, but to think about the cost of war." (Gemma, Exhibition Visitor) "It's shocking and yet it's great to see. To understand what is behind these sad stories. Each little square says so much." (Maximo, Exhibition Visitor) "When I saw this from afar, I was drawn to it because it's a pretty thing. Then, when you get close, it hits you the stories." (Anonymous, Exhibition Visitor) "I like the way the widows are less passive than they're usually portrayed. [] It really was quite a powerful impact. Almost embarrassing, like you're intruding on someone's grief. The raw feeling." (Beatrix, Exhibition Visitor)
First Year Of Impact 2019
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Societal,Policy & public services

 
Description The "I" Word: Research Impact in the Arts & Humanities
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL http://www.warwidowsstories.org.uk/news/the-i-word-research-impact-in-the-arts-humanities/
 
Description Arts Council England (arthur+martha)
Amount £14,980 (GBP)
Funding ID ACPG-00131109 
Organisation Arts Council England 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 10/2018 
End 02/2020
 
Description LJMU Impact Team Award for Impact on Society, Culture, & People
Amount £3,000 (GBP)
Funding ID LJMU Impact Team Award for Impact on Society, Culture, & People 
Organisation Liverpool John Moores University 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2018 
End 07/2019
 
Description Vice Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Social & Economic Engagement
Amount £1,500 (GBP)
Funding ID Vice Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Social & Economic Engagement 
Organisation Liverpool John Moores University 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2018 
End 07/2019
 
Title War Widows' Stories Website & Archive 
Description The War Widows' Stories websites hosts all transcripts and recordings of the oral history interviews we have conducted in the course of the War Widows' Stories project, and they can be access and downloaded for free by anyone. Recordings can be streamed or downloaded; transcripts can be read and searched online or downloaded as PDFs. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2016 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Making interviews with war widows publicly available enables other researchers to explore this much neglected but important area of research, while also enabling members of the public to gain insights into local and family history as well as raising awareness of war widows' lives. 
URL http://www.warwidowsstories.org.uk
 
Description Imperial War Museums 
Organisation Imperial War Museum
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution War widows are under-represented in IWM collections and exhibitions, and Dr Muller's project will help IWM to begin address this gap.
Collaborator Contribution IWM committed to preserving and archive a selection of the project's oral history interviews and their metadata in its collections at the end of the project, providing contents and recordings are of a high enough quality, and providing respective rights holders sign over their rights to the material to IWM. At the beginning of the research, the museum's appropriate curatorial staff advises Dr Muller and her team on how to best meet these standards.
Impact None yet.
Start Year 2018
 
Description National Memorial Arboretum 
Organisation The National Memorial Arboretum
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution War Widows' Stories allowed NMA to make connections with researchers in fields that are central to its work, such as the history of war, cultures of remembrance, and commemoration. We enabled the NMA to establish links with academics whose work can inform their own and whose work can, in turn, be enriched by their own. The project also allowed the NMA to raise further awareness of its activities and memorials among war widows, their families, and communities, as well as among the general public.
Collaborator Contribution The NMA provided the project with space for a participatory arts workshop and promoted the project, its activities, events, and outputs among its visitors and the general public through its website, publicity, and social media channels.
Impact The War Widows' Quilt
Start Year 2018
 
Description Royal Museums Greenwich (The Queen's House) 
Organisation National Maritime Museum
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution A top-10 UK visitor attraction, Royal Museums Greenwich is home to the Royal Observatory Greenwich, the iconic historic sailing ship Cutty Sark, the National Maritime Museum and the Queen's House art gallery. The collections of the National Maritime Museum tell dramatic stories, including from the Battle of Trafalgar and First World War sea battles. In 2018, the NMM opened a new gallery on Tudor & Stuart Seafarers, which will include stories from women widowed during the Anglo-Dutch wars 500 years ago. Though focused on a much later historical period, War Widows' Stories is of great interest and benefit to NMM as the project's work with war widows helps NMM showcase the contemporary and cross-historical relevance of the stories in its collections. Working with Dr Muller's team allowed NMM to reach new, key audiences for its new collection in military families and the war widows' community, while the project's work also added significance to the stories these collections tells.
Collaborator Contribution NMM provided the project with a space for a participatory arts working in November 2018, hosted the first exhibition and celebration event of the War Widows' Quilt in November 2019, and promoted the project, its activities, events, and outputs among its visitors and the general public through its website, print publicity, and social media channels whenever appropriate.
Impact The War Widows' Quilt (Exhibition) The War Widows' Quilt (Exhibition Catalogue)
Start Year 2018
 
Description War Widows' Association of Great Britain 
Organisation War Widows' Association of Great Britain
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution The War Widows' Association of Great Britain (WWA) is recognised as the leading representative organisation for widows of Armed Forces Personnel where death of a spouse or recognised partner is attributed to service. War widows have long been a neglected part of history. The activities and outputs of the War Widows' Stories project help the WWA redress this imbalance and are of significant benefit to its members, campaigns, and the war widows' community by raising awareness and providing recognition of their lives and experiences.
Collaborator Contribution The WWA has been acting as gatekeeper and collaborator and helps ensure the project represents war widows from across the armed forces. The WWA has allowed the project representatives as well as its artists free attendance at its events in order to facilitate participatory arts workshops and participant recruitment, the room hire costs for which WWA also covered. WWA have promoted the project, its activities, and outputs among its membership and to relevant partner and stakeholder representatives in print and online.
Impact The War Widows' Quilt (Exhibition) The War Widows' Quilt (Exhibition Catalogue)
Start Year 2016
 
Description Daily Express Coverage 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Giles Sheldrick, Chief Reporter, covered the first-ever exhibition of the War Widows' Quilt in a double-page spread for the Daily Express. The feature includes quotations by project leader Dr Nadine Muller, lead artist Lois Blackburn, women who have contributed to the quilt, and representatives of the War Widows' Association of Great Britain.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL http://www.warwidowsstories.org.uk/news/daily-express-devotes-double-page-spread-to-war-widows-quilt...
 
Description ITV London News Coverage 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact On Armistice Day 2019, ITV London News aired a feature on the first ever exhibition of the War Widows' Quilt at The Queen's House, Greenwich, from 7-11 November. Will Davies visited the exhibition and spoke to members of the War Widows' Association who contributed to the quilt, as well as to project leader Dr Nadine Muller, and lead artist Lois Blackburn (arthur+martha).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL http://www.warwidowsstories.org.uk/news/war-widows-quilt-on-itv-london-news/
 
Description Sunday Morning with Ricky Ross 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Dr Nadine Muller contributed to Ricky Ross's feature on women and war on 11 November 2018. Programme description: "Ricky hears from women directly affected by loss as a result of conflict. Christine Morgan's son was killed in Iraq; Anne Blair's husband was killed in Northern Ireland and, in partnership with the War Widows' Association of Great Britain, Dr Nadine Muller of Liverpool John Moores University, is gathering the stories and experiences of war widows past and present."
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0001331