Digital Engagement for Heritage-led Urban Regeneration

Lead Research Organisation: University of Sheffield
Department Name: Archaeology

Abstract

This project will demonstrate the potential for heritage-led urban regeneration, using digital technologies, which has broad-ranging implications for architectural planning in a wide variety of contexts. The research project brings together academic researchers in Archaeology, Architecture and Computer Science from the University of Sheffield, an organisation from the city's creative industry sector (Human Studio Limited design agency), and a community heritage group (Friends of Sheffield Castle). It is intended to demonstrate the capacity of immersive technologies to harness the power of cultural heritage, community engagement and the transformative potential of the creative industries to inform urban regeneration strategies and drive economic growth. The project will focus on a Sheffield case-study - the Castlegate district - long ear-marked for regeneration, and this will be used to test the potential of immersive technologies to enable regeneration. Digital technologies will be used to generate ideas for development, drawing on the heritage of the site. This is intended to engage the public with their heritage and empower community groups to work with urban planners and local government to demand imaginative regeneration. This will help to ensure its successful integration into urban living, which will increase the likelihood of the economic sustainability of regeneration initiatives. Developments sympathetic to the local heritage help to mitigate against public disengagement from their communities and ensure the economic viability of the development. How to engage the public is a huge challenge. This project will prototype the use of digital technologies to present models of the past, present and future of a site identified for regeneration and show how this can be used to generate pubic interest in the regeneration. A 3D model of Sheffield's medieval castle will be produced, drawing on current research by the Department of Archaeology, along with a version of a 3D model of the Castlegate site as it currently appears. A third element of the model would be fully developed at a later stage, informed by architectural plans for development, but in this prototype will involve the incorporation of architectural designs for the Castlegate site created recently as part of a recent student project led by the University of Sheffield's School of Architecture, and run in collaboration with the Friends of Sheffield Castle.The models will be subject to user testing by the local community to explore its value in informing plans for regeneration. These activities will foster collaborative working between a range of stakeholders interested in the future development and prosperity of the city.

Planned Impact

This research will be of benefit to organisations in the creative industries sector, especially those developing immersive experience technologies. The ways in which organisations/individuals working in that sector can build on collaborations with academic researchers in Archaeology and Architecture will be articulated and demonstrated through the collaborative outputs. The value of the approach will appeal to local authorities/councils, by showing how immersive technologies can be utilised to engage with local communities, not only to value their heritage, but to inform plans for urban regeneration. Such bodies will also be introduced to the ways in which they may use such technologies to encourage architectural plans for urban regeneration that is sympathetic to local heritage. The research will also be of significance to architects engaged in developing plans for urban regeneration and will offer them a medium with which to incorporate the local heritage, specifically that deriving from archaeological evidence, into their designs. The research and the outputs will be of particular interest to heritage groups seeking to encourage such developments and who value their local heritage in the context of making communities. The research and its outputs will also provide a means of engaging with the wider public beyond those who are actively involved in community groups; their interest in local heritage may be high, but they may not have the time or the means to become involved in such more formal group activities. The research will also empower community heritage groups to reach out beyond their typical constituencies to effect wider engagement with local communities.
 
Description Our project explores the capacity of immersive technologies to inform urban regeneration strategies, by harnessing the power of cultural heritage. Our intention was to work with the local city council and a community heritage group (Friends of Sheffield Castle) to identify how Augmented Reality could assist in a discussion about urban regeneration. The community heritage group also brought their knowledge of Sheffield Castle, which once occupied the area to be regenerated, and we were able to find out how such community group knowledge can be harnessed in research activities and in the production of our digital model. We also used the Friends of Sheffield Castle to undertake user testing of a mobile phone app that we produced. The phone app was a prototype and we had considerable challenges to overcome with being able to depict the castle at scale in its precise location in the city centre. Since we wanted to ensure that the virtual model of the castle was positioned in front of or behind existing buildings in the townscape we needed to develop a means of user alignment of the model on site in the Castlegate district. We presented our fundings at a specialist conference on Virtual Reality and published them in the conference proceedings (http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/134224/). Our findings have also now been published in a book length discussion (https://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/site/books/m/10.22599/SheffieldCastle/)
Exploitation Route Our project emerged in the context of urban regeneration discussions in Sheffield, specifically concerning the Castlegate district of the city centre, where the medieval castle once stood. The development of our digital model of the castle provided a new means to engage the general public in these discussions, and was also intended to explore how community heritage groups and local councils might use immersive technologies in urban regeneration debates more widely. It is anticipated that similar urban regeneration initiatives will be able to learn from our project. We imported our digital model of the medieval castle into an iPad for use with a physical model of the Castlegate district, which was able to reach a local audience of c.7000 visitors in an 8 day exhibition and c.800,000 viewers of a local news programme. Future work would need to identify a variety of digital methods and technologies that could be used by community heritage groups, and also identify how to support them, where necessary, to secure funding to draw on the expertise of creative SMEs. A model workflow for how to achieve this would be useful. Our digital model was also imported in to an Augmented Reality app for mobile phones. While AR experiences generally function well indoors, inside buildings, where, typically, lighting conditions are stable, the scale of the environment is small and fixed, and markers can be easily placed, this is not the case for outdoor AR experiences. In our work we developed practical solutions for an AR mobile phone app that virtually restores Sheffield's medieval castle to the Castlegate area in Sheffield city centre where it once stood. A simplified 3D model of the area was used to support a user alignment process and subsequent orientation tracking to ensure that the castle sits correctly in front of or behind real buildings, as necessary. Future development work on using outdoor AR is required. Furthermore, since the Castlegate area will undergo redevelopment in the future, our intention is to be able to display the future 3D plans for the area as an alternative user option for the mobile phone app. This would give local people
a chance to use an AR application to be involved in redevelopment of the site, and make their views known on both the future building plans and the site's cultural heritage. There is also the possibility that access to a digital model of the medieval castle could make a significant contribution to the visitor economy of Sheffield, both through use on site and also in local museums.
Sectors Construction,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL https://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/site/books/m/10.22599/SheffieldCastle/
 
Description We presented our output at the University of Sheffield's biennial Festival of the Mind in September 2018, at the city's Millennium Gallery in an installation entitled Dystopia/Utopia, showcasing 'virtual reality and more'. We used iPads to present the virtual medieval castle at scale in the context of a physical wooden model of the current Castlegate area, 1.8m by 1.8m (1:150), and asked the public 'What if you could see the past, present and future of our city all at the same time?'. The exhibition was visited by over 7000 members of the public over 8 days, and our project featured on BBC Look North, which has regular viewing figures of over 800,000. Feedback on the installation was overwhelmingly positive, with surprise regularly expressed that Sheffield ever had a castle, and questions asked about whether the remains would be made visible during future development on the site. The city council's regeneration team is incorporating the Augmented Reality castle in future funding bids. Our model has also been used by the community group Friends of Sheffield Castle in their advocation for sympathetic regeneration of the site.
First Year Of Impact 2018
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Societal,Economic

 
Description Festival of the Mind, University of Sheffield
Amount £5,000 (GBP)
Organisation University of Sheffield 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2018 
End 09/2018
 
Description Heritage-led urban regeneration: a scalable model for community engagement using immersive technologies
Amount £26,056 (GBP)
Funding ID AH/S010580/1 
Organisation Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2019 
End 06/2019
 
Description Future developments on Castlegate 
Organisation Sheffield City Council
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution We have been reworking the AR app on Apple's AR Kit for iPad to enable it to host models of potential future developments on the site.
Collaborator Contribution Sheffield City Council's regeneration team, and the Chair of the Castlegate Partnership Steering Group, have made use of our AR app to host future imaginings on Castlegate. This is the type of usage that we advocated in our original application, albeit that this was envisaged as a future development not covered by the initial funding. It is gratifying to see that the Council feels the same way and is now working with us on development of the app while also continuing to use our model of the medieval castle in their public discussions and consultation.
Impact The model was used at a recent public event: the Heritage Fair hosted by the Millennium Gallery in Sheffield city centre
Start Year 2020
 
Description Human VR 
Organisation Human Studio
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Archaeologists and Computer Scientists worked together with creative organisation Human, and their Research & Development department, to produce a digital model of Sheffield's medieval castle. Human were presented with a range of archaeological evidence, which provided a new source of information for them in creating digital models. They were also able to work with computer scientists to learn about the ways in which digital models can be transported into various platforms, thereby extending the range of uses to which they can be put.
Collaborator Contribution Human created the digital model using the Unity game engine. During the development process they liaised with academic researchers in Archaeology at the University of Sheffield and with the community heritage group The Friends of Sheffield Castle. Human also had an opportunity to present their work through a University of Sheffield public engagement festival (Festival of the Mind). The National Videogame Museum hosted the digital model - accessed via an iPad - over the summer of 2019. It was visited by an estimated 5000 people largely school children
Impact Leach, M., Maddock, S., Hadley, D.M., Butterworth, C., Moreland, J., Dean, G., Mackinder, R., Pach, K., Bax, N., Mckone., M. & Fleetwood, D. (2018) Recreating Sheffield's Medieval Castle in situ using Outdoor Augmented Reality. In: Bourdot, P., Cobb, S., Interrante, V., Kato, H. and Stricker, D., (eds.) Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. EuroVR 2018, 22-23 Oct 2018, London, UK. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 11162 . Springer , pp. 213-229. ISBN 978-3-030-01789-7
Start Year 2018
 
Description National Videogame Museum 
Organisation National Videogame Museum
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution We provided the digital assets and wooden model of Castlegate to exhibit the Augmented Reality app in an installation principally aimed at schoolchildren
Collaborator Contribution Hosted the app
Impact The installation led to c.2000 visitors seeing our work
Start Year 2019
 
Description AHRC/JPICH Workshop on Re-use and continued use of historic buildings, urban centres and landscapes 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact As part of the Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage and Global Change (JPICH), a workshop on the Re-use and continued use of historic buildings, urban centres and landscapes was held in Leicester in November 2018. The workshop provided the opportunity to showcase current research in the sub themes of Conservation and Planning, Diversity and Communities, Immersive, multi-sensory engagement and virtual reality and Contested Heritage. The workshop was also designed to act as a platform to generate discussion and thoughts about the long-term strategy of the Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage- jpi-culturalheritage.eu.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL http://jpi-ch.eu/wp-content/uploads/Reuse-and-continued-use-of-Historic-Buildings-Urban-Centres-and-...
 
Description Installation at the University of Sheffield's Festival of the Mind 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact c.7000 visitors came to an installation called Experience Castlegate at Sheffield's Millennium Galleries, which hosted the University of Sheffield's Festival of the Mind Futurecade. Our digital model was displayed in an exhibit called Dystopia and Resistance.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL http://festivalofthemind.group.shef.ac.uk/experience-castlegate/
 
Description Presentation at a colloquium (National Railway Museum, York) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Over 70 representatives from Universities, museums and third sector organisations with a heritage focus attended a two day colloquium exploring the 'Museums in Context and Partnership' with a specific focus on urban regeneration. We gave one of two keynote talks at the colloquium showcasing our project on Castlegate and the development of the digital model. The paper was delivered on behalf of the project by the PI (Dawn Hadley) and our external partner (Nick Bax, Human Studio).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Talk at an academic conference (Lund, Sweden) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Talk given to the Centre for Digital Heritage annual conference at the University of Lund (Sweden). This is a collaboration between the Universities of Lund (Sweden), Aarhus (Denmark), Uppsala (Sweden) and York (UK). The paper was delivered on behalf of the project by the PI (Dawn Hadley).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://konferens.ht.lu.se/cdh2018lund/
 
Description Talk at an academic conference (University of York) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact The PI gave a talk about the project to the members of the Centre for Digital Heritage at the University of York. This is a cross-Faculty group and played a role in disseminating the work we have been doing.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/digital-heritage/events/cdh2019/