Black Female Intellectuals in Historical and Contemporary Context

Lead Research Organisation: University of East Anglia
Department Name: Art, Media and American Studies

Abstract

From the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States to the local and national activism over the scandal of the Windrush generation's citizenship in the United Kingdom, the black presence in the transatlantic dialogue is slowly beginning to gain increased visibility. Several black intellectuals have gained increasing prominence in the public arena and have consequently developed a platform for talking, writing, and thinking about black activism and what it means to be a black intellectual in the 21st century. Yet, the concept of the black intellectual - when it has been recognised at all - has historically been gendered as male. Black male intellectuals have often talked for and about black women, subsequently marginalising the significance of the black female intellectual both historically and in the contemporary arena.
This network therefore brings together scholars, both early career (including PhD students) and more established academics, working on black female intellectuals in the black Atlantic including Africa, the Caribbean, Europe, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The key point of the network is to share interdisciplinary understandings of black female intellectuals from both historical and contemporary perspectives thinking through different questions which will be used to frame the workshops.
The first workshop will ask, as the central research question and the introductory session, how do we define "black intellectuals" as a concept? Does gender impact on this definition? What is it that the black female intellectual brings to the public debate and what forms are considered credible?
The second workshop will consider how geographic and temporal parameters alter the form that understandings of the black female intellectuals take and the ways these differences are articulated. Biracial journalist and author Afua Hirsch has been invited to contribute to this workshop.
A third workshop will question how issues of gender and class impact on understandings of black female intellectuals both as a form of activism (doing) and thinking (intellectualism). In particular, it will interrogate the differences between black male and black female intellectuals and explore the ways in which intersectionality functions more broadly within black intellectualism. Black activist and educator, Chardine taylor-Stone will contribute to this workshop.
Leading on from this, a fourth workshop will consider the role of social media in shaping the experience of black female intellectuals in the contemporary world owing to the varied and multiple media resources available. Female activists from the Black Lives Matter movement based in the UK and Europe will be invited to share their experiences in addition to contributions from Gal-Dem, an online and print magazine written by women of colour.
The workshops will also have a series of public lectures running alongside them located in public venues and pertaining to the individual theme of each workshop with invited speakers from across the interdisciplinary spectrum of the network.
The network will apply for follow-on funding to host an international conference on black female intellectuals hosted by the University of East Anglia, bringing together practitioners, academics, and public policy groups namely the Runnymede Trust & the partnership project, History and Policy. The application for follow-on funding will also include a separate seminar event hosted by History and Policy using the project's Runnymede report as its focus and inviting interested policy makers including the Institute of Race Relations and the Black Training and Enterprise group, practitioners such as Chardine Taylor-Stone, journalists from both national and local media including Liv Little (Gal-Dem), Afua Hirsch (Guardian), and members of the network.

Planned Impact

During the UN International Decade for People of African Descent (2015-2024) it is significant that Black women remain the most socially-disadvantaged and socially excluded groups across the Atlantic world. The project therefore will further explore their collective responses to this via the network. It will be the first step in a longer collaboration between the University of East Anglia and the London School of Economics and Political Science and with other non-academic groups across the diaspora including international activist movements, policy groups, the heritage sector, educators, and the general public.
The series of public lectures given by a number of scholars from across the disciplines in different locations across the UK will be a space for knowledge exchange to interested members of the black diaspora. The network will also connect with national groups, including the Windrush Foundation and the UK's Anti-Apartheid movement. It will also work at a more local level with Norfolk's Black History Month committee, which the P-I has already collaborated with in the past and the Oxford-based African and African Caribbean Kultural Heritage Initiative (Ackhi). The public lectures will also be of significance to the general populace interested in the histories of the impact of the black presence, culturally and intellectually, on the UK, US, Caribbean, and Europe.
The project also acts as a platform for recognised activist movements such as Black Lives Matter and the British Black Power Movement. The project will provide them with increased visibility and enhanced public understanding of black activism, black female intellectuals, and intersectionality. It also offers the possibility of extending connections and future collaboration between these groups and the academic community through research and teaching course design.
Through a working report co-authored by the PI and Co-I, and in collaboration with the Runnymede Trust, UK policy groups concerned with race equality will benefit from the insight of the network and ideas for future projects. Guided by the network's discussions over the course of the project and the input of the partnership project, History and Policy, the report will concern how the work of black female intellectuals in the UK can be used to further policy agendas.
The website will be an essential space for communicating events with those involved with the network and the general public. Members of the network will be consulted at the beginning of the project about the design of the website as it is being developed to ensure that it suits the network's remit and will host details of the aims of the network, the key participants, call for papers, information on public lectures and workshops, a blog, as well as a mailing list.
The museum and heritage industries, specifically those catering to black history in the UK, will be able to engage a wider audience through using material from the project's outputs, particularly the website, applying the interpretative analysis for use in future exhibits and presentations. The creative arts industry might use the focus of the project and its findings to deliver a number of diverse productions (drama, interpretative dance, film making) on certain individuals or ideas.
Educators in the UK - at primary, secondary, and sixth form levels - who are interested in expanding the curriculum beyond slavery and civil rights leaders of the 1960s, would be able to engage with material on the website, with accessible materials (including images, presentations and lesson plans) in addition to a wide bibliography of resources pertaining to black intellectualism. The PI and Co-I will consult with teachers and schools via our respective Widening Participating teams in order that the material connects with key learning objectives as established in the National Curriculum's framework.

Publications

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Fraser R (2022) Introduction: Black Female Intellectuals in Historical and Contemporary Context in Comparative American Studies An International Journal

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Hagan T (2022) 'Don't wait for permission': Ava DuVernay as a Black female intellectual and political artist in Comparative American Studies An International Journal

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Walsh O (2022) Gwendolyn Bennett and Juanita Harrison: Writing the Black Radical Tradition in Comparative American Studies An International Journal

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Roynon T (2022) Black women's complicated laughter and Toni Morrison's post-migration novels in Comparative American Studies An International Journal

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Emmett H (2022) Teaching transnational Morrison: curation and comparative American studies in Comparative American Studies An International Journal

 
Description The marginalised histories of the Black Female Intellectual in various geographic and temporal contexts has been explored through this project. The workshops (pre-covid) were very much based on the contemporary and invited leads, such as Avian Day from Sisters Uncut, provided an engaging and insightful session) which helped the network think creatively about contemporary issues for Black women and where their intellectual activities are most relevant. The series of public lectures (2 in-person and 2 online due to covid) allow the public to hear some wonderful women (both practitioners and academics) present their work with valued Q&A sessions after each lecture. The feedback from the two in-person events (Oxford and LSE) was particularly important in demonstrating what impact the events had had upon the audience.
Exploitation Route There was a special issue of the journal "Comparative American Studies" with four articles in written by respective members of the network, one of these was a PgR student and another an ECR, thus fulfilling the network's ambitions of supporting ECRs. The PI's own monograph was published in Dec 2022 and their ideas around Black Female intellectualism have been developed as a result of this network and the events and discussions held. Future collaboration and potential for such work was stalled by the pandemic and the project lost a lot of ground as the network moved online. The chair of the last public lecture, Dr Nicole King, remarked on the importance of the project, particularly in the current climate with BLM and #Sayhername. However, the network's potential was upended by the pandemic and several of the events planned were impossible to do due international borders closing and inability to travel. An AHRC application for follow-up funding for this project is in development from the PI, based on engagement with schools.
Sectors Creative Economy

URL https://www.uea.ac.uk/groups-and-centres/black-female-intellectuals/events
 
Description In conversation event with Prof Shirley Anne Tate (Alberta) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Black Female academic Prof Shirley Anne Tate (Alberta) discussed her research and experience as a black female intellectual in an online event advertised via eventbrite. The event was followed by a Q&A session where several members of the audience asked questions concerning Shirley's life as an academic activist and her experiences of racism and misogyny in the academy.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL http://sites.uea.ac.uk/black-female-intellectuals
 
Description Project Website 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Creation of project website with filters for "events", blog, and contacts
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL http://www.uea.ac.uk/black-female-intellectuals/home
 
Description Public Lecture 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Public lecture delivered by Dr Hilary Emmett (UEA) titled, "Transnational Morrison". The lecture, chaired by Dr Nicole King (Goldsmiths) offered a reading of Nobel Laureate and Pulitzer-prize winning author and essayist, Toni Morrison, as a public intellectual of not only international standing but as a transnational figure. She explored the ways in which Morrison not only achieved international recognition for her fiction and non-fiction writing in her lifetime, but that her ways of writing and conceptualising race have permeated the work of other Black authors and public intellectuals around the globe.

In particular, the paper focussed on the work of women writers and artists of Indigenous Australian and Australian South Sea Islander (ASSI) descent by reading their novels and artworks through the lens of Morrison's creative and critical writings. Dr Emmett examined their explorations of anti-Black racism in Australia and considered the ways in which the resonances of Morrison's work in theirs could be understood not simply as aesthetic influence, but as a political move that draws attention to the structural similarities between Australia and the United States in relation to histories of anti-Black racism, coerced labour, and incarceration.

The ultimate aim of the talk is to offer some strategies for comparison such that texts by Indigenous Australian and ASSI women become commonplace on the curriculum in American studies and beyond.

Hilary's lecture was followed by a Q&A session with the audience
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Public Lecture - Patricia Williams - The Need for more room in the room for debate 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Public lecture delivered by Prof Patricia Williams (Northeastern, Boston) and chaired by Dr Nicola Rollock (Goldsmiths). The lecture reflected on the way in which the metaphors of civic belonging are vexed. We speak of 'sitting down at the table together' and of 'all being in the room' when we envision diversity of viewpoint in democratic projects. We imagine working together in collaborative space and real time. Yet political bodies, corporate bodies, civic bodies, operate according to the same rules that mark, rank, divide and exclude our embodied selves from schools, jobs, safe spaces. It therefore undressed some of the ideological and technological ordering systems - of race, gender, class, nationalism and presumed genetic superiority - that are driving heightened disparities in local, institutional, and global affairs. An audience Q&A session with Prof Williams and, chaired by Dr Rollock, was held after the lecture. Dr Rollock is an academic, consultant and public speaker specialising in racial justice in education and the workplace. She was appointed, at the start of 2019, as the Specialist Adviser to the Home Affairs' Select Committee inquiry - the Macpherson Report 20 Years On - which is examining whether there has been progress in meeting the 70 recommendations published in 1999. Her most recent research examines the career experiences and strategies of UK Black female Professors, the findings of which were widely covered in the press including WonkHE, The Guardian, Stylist magazine and British Vogue.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL http://www.uea.ac.uk/black-female-intellectuals
 
Description Public lecture 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact In Conversation event with Bonnier Greer OBE and Prof Barbara Savage at Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL http://www.uea.ac.uk/black-female-intellectuals/home