Cities of Culture Research Network: Turning Evaluation into Policy

Lead Research Organisation: University of Hull
Department Name: Culture, Place and Policy Institute

Abstract

The Cities of Culture Research Network: Turning Evaluation into Policy, brings together representatives of all Cities or Capitals of Culture research and evaluation programmes that have taken place in the UK.

Cultural mega-events like the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) and the UK City of Culture (UKCoC) can be effective as catalysts and accelerators for culture-led urban regeneration strategies, through a focused and intensive programme of cultural activities. There are many evaluation studies about the impacts of City of Culture programmes, but they do not explore their medium and long-term effects on a shared UK-wide basis. Furthermore, they are not systematically used for policy development, which is a central issue that this project aims to explore.

The proposed research network creates an interdisciplinary space where academics, postgraduate researchers and local, national and international policy makers can pursue a better collective understanding of the Cities of Culture initiative, whilst specifically exploring the conditions and procedures required to create productive links between evaluation and new policy development. The network includes all (European) Capitals, (UK) Cities and (London) Boroughs of Culture projects delivered by cities within the UK. The network will also connect UK researchers with their European counterparts in Aarhus (Denmark) and Galway (Ireland), allowing the network to benefit from insights into culture-led regeneration practices elsewhere in Europe.

Network membership will consist of a core group of researchers, evaluation professionals and national and international policy representatives, along with an associate group consisting of academics, local policy makers and other interested bodies. The project will also establish a forum for postgraduate scholars researching the Cities of Culture initiative within partner universities and beyond.

The network programme consists of three events. The first is a colloquium, bringing together all network groups to identify challenges, barriers and opportunities for turning collective Cities of Culture research evidence into policy. The second is a two-day specialist workshop where the core group will examine issues raised in greater depth. In the final colloquium, attended by all groups, the outcomes of all events will be examined, leading to the production of key recommendations for effective knowledge exchange between City of Culture researchers and policy makers in the future. The project will result in a website, three summary reports and one key recommendations document. Outcomes will be disseminated via the website and through the professional and academic networks of project members. The outcomes of the network will also be published in a professional magazine, such as Local Government Association First and as an academic paper in a leading cultural policy journal such as the International Journal of Cultural Policy or Cultural Trends.

Planned Impact

Who will benefit from the research network?

The network will contribute to academic research on the Cities of Culture initiative and its social, economic, spatial and cultural impacts. It will influence the ongoing research of network members by offering new perspectives and longitudinal insights, gained via discussion and activities at network events. The postgraduate forum will ensure that early career researchers also benefit from the interactions and findings.

In parallel, the key objective of the project is to utilise collective research to influence the development of cultural policy, specifically that relating to future City of Culture projects. To this end, the network ensures participation of UK national organisations with an arts and cultural policy remit, along with representatives from local authorities who have delivered (or will deliver) a City of Culture programme and other interested bodies. These partners will all gain from the insights and recommendations resulting from the network. The participation of academic and policy partners from Aarhus (Denmark) and Galway (Ireland) will ensure that UK members also benefit from wider European perspectives and that our European partners will have the opportunity to learn from UK experience. Beyond the network, the dissemination of outcomes via the academic and professional networks of members will ensure the findings and recommendations can be utilised by the wider cultural policy and research community.


Network participants will benefit from:

Hearing presentations from a range of high profile academic researchers and other experts in the interdisciplinary field of City of Culture research and policy.
Interaction between established academics, early career researchers and policy professionals.
The production of new collective and longitudinal insights
The creation of conditions to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and insights between the producers (academics) and users (policy makers) of research.
Recommendations regarding effective procedures for turning City of Culture evaluation and research into future policy.
The opportunity to draw upon network contacts and findings to develop future research proposals and funding bids
The opportunity to build a strong relationship with the forthcoming AHRC Centre for Cultural Value and to establish the network as a specialist sub-group affiliated to the Centre.

The wider research and policy making community will benefit from access to the insights and recommendations produced by the network, disseminated via the project website and including summary reports and recommendation documents. The community will also benefit from the publication of the outcomes in a professional magazine, such as the Local Government Association First and in a leading academic cultural journal such as the International Journal of Cultural Policy or Cultural Trends.

Publications

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Bianchini F (2022) Evaluating Cities and Capitals of Culture in Arts Professional

 
Description Discussions at the first network meeting touched on several topics of relevance to the evaluation-public policy nexus. One important theme in the debate underlined the importance of tracking voices of dissent throughout the City of Culture process, even though dissent can be disruptive. Making place for dissent and alternative views is important not because dissent is automatically right, but because dissent is "truthful" and "authentic" for the actors involved in the process. This theme has continued to figure prominently in subsequent meetings of the network, but the focus is moving towards a better understanding of how to ensure that dissenting views can have a positive impact. Following the Coventry Cultural Policy and Evaluation Summit of June 2021 the Network met (July 2021) to review a draft 'manifesto' of good practice in research-based evaluation. This has been finalised under the title 'Cities of Culture Research Network - Turning Evaluation into Policy: Principles and Recommendations' and will be published on our website imminently. Key findings are summarised in a short article for Arts Professional (2022).
Exploitation Route In order to turn evaluation into policy, participants at the first network event (July 2019) argued that a combination of quantitative and qualitative data (including the use of story telling and related methodologies) is necessary in order to persuade the different types of stakeholders (including academics, local authorities, and cultural policy making bodies), to form a coalition of complementary interests that can influence policy making in the field of culture-led urban regeneration. The final meeting of the network has been delayed (by Covid-19) until June 2021, but has been designed to build on these initial insights. An additional online meeting was held via zoom in November 2020. though primarily intended to update members of the network on the impact of Covid 19, which has resulted in the project end-date being extended to 30 September 2021, it did also continue the discussion of how to bridge the gap between academic evaluation and research and the needs of policy-makers and professionals. Discussion moved on following the Coventry summit of June 2021. A particular focus has emerged as the 'culture clash' between university-based researchers and evaluators and the organisations responsible for the delivery of mega-events, both culture companies and city councils; and of how the integrity of research might be maintained in an environment where promotion might be prioritised instead. Our findings can be incorporated into the design and delivery of evaluation projects relating to cities of culture and other cultural mega-events.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL https://www.citiesofculture.co.uk
 
Description Our discussions at the first meeting of the Research Network (July 2019) attempted to untangle what are the conditions and procedures through which the findings from City of Culture evaluation programmes feed into cultural and urban strategies and what are the opportunities, challenges and barriers to this. Our discussions also focused on what are the roles of universities, specialist research institutes, and academics in this process of turning City of Culture evaluation into policy, and what are the advantages but also the challenges and barriers of this collaboration between academics and policy makers. It is too early to say how the conclusions from the meeting will inform the work of policy makers and managers working on City of Culture and other similar cultural mega events. Our findings have been presented via a 2022 article in Arts Professional, and a final manifesto will soon complete the presentation our our work on our website. The work done in the Network has fed forward into the evaluation of Coventry City of Culture 2021 and other projects that have developed from that.
First Year Of Impact 2021
Sector Creative Economy,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Policy & public services

 
Description Evaluating Coventry UK City of Culture 2021
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact The Coventry evaluation project, which was also related to two other AHRC funded projects, aimed to present 'insight and lessons learned that can be shared with future cultural mega-events, as well as more local Coventry place-based knowledge exchange and partnership development'. All of its data and outputs are public. Among the areas of insight developed from this work are: Innovations in Economic Impact Assessment Social Value Creation and Measurement in the Cultural Sector Reasons to Co-create Addressing Cultural and Other Inequalities at Scale Maximising and Measuring the Value of Heritage in Place Measuring the Impact of Arts and Culture on Wellbeing Building Trust in Policing through Arts Collaboration
URL https://coventry21evaluation.info/
 
Description City Change Through Culture: Securing the Place Legacy of Coventry City of Culture 2021
Amount £100,082 (GBP)
Funding ID AH/W008769/1 
Organisation Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2022 
End 01/2023
 
Description Cities of Culture Postgraduate Research Forum 
Organisation Coventry University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The team has facilitated and supported the work of the research students to form their own separate network alongside the main AHRC Cities off Culture Network, of which they are also a part. This is spin-off activity from the main work supported by the grant, and is largely the initiative and work of the students themselves.
Collaborator Contribution The PI and CI have been active in engaging with the PhD network, as have others at Hull and Coventry. The Forum consists of students mostly from the Universities of Warwick and Hull, and Coventry University, and has 25 members. It also includes some post-doctoral early career researchers.
Impact None as yet, though there are publications in the pipeline.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Cities of Culture Postgraduate Research Forum 
Organisation University of Warwick
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The team has facilitated and supported the work of the research students to form their own separate network alongside the main AHRC Cities off Culture Network, of which they are also a part. This is spin-off activity from the main work supported by the grant, and is largely the initiative and work of the students themselves.
Collaborator Contribution The PI and CI have been active in engaging with the PhD network, as have others at Hull and Coventry. The Forum consists of students mostly from the Universities of Warwick and Hull, and Coventry University, and has 25 members. It also includes some post-doctoral early career researchers.
Impact None as yet, though there are publications in the pipeline.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Cities of Culture Research Network - Second Meeting - 18 March 2020 
Organisation Waltham Forest Council
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The network event was based on a discussion of the initial evaluation report of the Waltham Forest Borough of Culture 2019. It enabled the team to learn from the evaluation as we develop our findings and to contribute to the learning of the Waltham Forest Council. This meeting was intended to be a two-day face-to-face event but, in the face of the looming Covid-19 pandemic, it was truncated and held online. The work that was left uncovered as a result of this was completed in the delayed third workshop hosted online from Coventry in June 2021.
Collaborator Contribution The partners presented their evaluation report and have provided copies to the network.
Impact None as yet.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Cities of Culture Research Network - first network meeting, University of Hull, July 2019 
Organisation Arts Council England
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The University of Hull, through the Culture, Place and Policy Institute took the lead in organising and hosting the first meeting of the research network, held on 31st July 2019. This involved playing a key role in the definition of the programme of the meeting in liaising with partners in academia, national policy making and funding bodies, and local authorities in three countries (UK, Ireland and Denmark).
Collaborator Contribution Professor Jonothan Neelands (Warwick University) as Co-Investigator played an important role in shaping the aims and programme of the first network event held in July 2019. Partners from a variety of organisations (including Arts Council England, the Institute of Cultural Capital at the University of Liverpool, Coventry University, Queen's University Belfast, Galway City Council, Derry City and Strabane District Council, the National University of Ireland, Galway, the Government's Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, the London Boroughs of Waltham Forest and of Brent, the British Council, Aarhus University, the Central Denmark Region, the Audience Agency) all spoke at the event and contributed to its success.
Impact The first event of the AHRC Research Network "Cities of Culture: Turning Evaluation into Policy" took place at the University of Hull on 31st July 2019. The meeting explored the gap between Cities of Culture evaluation and policy making, and the possibilities and limitations of bridging this gap between research and policy. Approximately 50 people took part in the first network event, an even mix between UK and EU-based academics (core group), UK policy makers and cultural managers (associate group), and postgraduate and early career researchers (postgraduate forum). This is a multi-disciplinary collaboration, involving the following disciplines: cultural policy, cultural management, events management, cultural studies, tourism studies, anthropology, human geography and town planning.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Cities of Culture Research Network - first network meeting, University of Hull, July 2019 
Organisation Hull City Council
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The University of Hull, through the Culture, Place and Policy Institute took the lead in organising and hosting the first meeting of the research network, held on 31st July 2019. This involved playing a key role in the definition of the programme of the meeting in liaising with partners in academia, national policy making and funding bodies, and local authorities in three countries (UK, Ireland and Denmark).
Collaborator Contribution Professor Jonothan Neelands (Warwick University) as Co-Investigator played an important role in shaping the aims and programme of the first network event held in July 2019. Partners from a variety of organisations (including Arts Council England, the Institute of Cultural Capital at the University of Liverpool, Coventry University, Queen's University Belfast, Galway City Council, Derry City and Strabane District Council, the National University of Ireland, Galway, the Government's Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, the London Boroughs of Waltham Forest and of Brent, the British Council, Aarhus University, the Central Denmark Region, the Audience Agency) all spoke at the event and contributed to its success.
Impact The first event of the AHRC Research Network "Cities of Culture: Turning Evaluation into Policy" took place at the University of Hull on 31st July 2019. The meeting explored the gap between Cities of Culture evaluation and policy making, and the possibilities and limitations of bridging this gap between research and policy. Approximately 50 people took part in the first network event, an even mix between UK and EU-based academics (core group), UK policy makers and cultural managers (associate group), and postgraduate and early career researchers (postgraduate forum). This is a multi-disciplinary collaboration, involving the following disciplines: cultural policy, cultural management, events management, cultural studies, tourism studies, anthropology, human geography and town planning.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Coventry Cultural Policy and Evaluation Summit 
Organisation Coventry University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The team, led by colleagues at the Universities of Warwick and Coventry, organised a large two-day cultural summit (24 & 25 June 2021) that served as both the third meeting of the network and a much broader engagement and dissemination event for our work. The full Summit report is available here: https://warwick.ac.uk/wie/warwickengages/ahrcpolicysummit/. The event was bookended by an account of our research to date delivered by the initial PI, Franco Bianchini, and a final roundtable reflection, of which the current PI, Glenn Burgess, contributed. The event itself reflected on many is the policy issues and the role of evaluation and research in policy making. Speakers included key sector representation, including the AHRC and DCMS. It coincided with Coventry City of Culture, and included many who were involved in that event.
Collaborator Contribution Key figures from the network organised the event (Universities and Warwick and Coventry) and the speakers included Franco Bianchini and Glenn Burgess, former and current PI on this project.
Impact There is a report on the conference available at the URL given above. It contributes directly to the formulation of the Network's 'Manifesto' which will be published on our website soon.
Start Year 2019
 
Description AHRC Cities of Culture Research Network public website 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The project website was launched in July 2020 t present the findings of the project to a wider audience. It includes a blog reporting on the network events and will eventually host a variety of material related to the project outcomes. It is linked to a private Facebook site which enables discussion between the network members. It is still too early to gauge the effectiveness of impact.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020,2021
URL https://citiesofculture.co.uk/
 
Description Twitter - Cities of Culture Research Network (@cities_culture) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The network's Twitter account was launched in July 2020 and currently has 544 followers. It promotes awareness of the network as well as the facilitating discussion of the issues around learning from the evaluation of cultural mega-events that isforms the core focus of the network. It will in time serve to promote the findings of the AHRC funded network.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020,2021
URL https://twitter.com/cities_culture
 
Description Understanding(s) of Coventry UK City of Culture 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Hosted and chaired by Nick Henry, Coventry University with presentations by Victoria Barker, Coventry University and Emily Hopkins, Royal Holloway, University of London (all members of the Network), the event was a research-informed discussion of coventry city of Culture 2021 in which participants were able to draw on and disseminate ideas the have been formulated and debated within the AHRC Cities of Culture Research Network.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021