Regulation of membrane fusion by a novel Sec1/Munc18-associated protein
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Glasgow
Department Name: School of Life Sciences
Abstract
SNARE proteins are central components of a well-defined mechanism for the delivery of vesicles carrying membrane and soluble cargo between compartments within eukaryotic cells. Vesicle traffic contributes to neurotransmitter release in nerves, to cell wall delivery and budding in yeast, and is essential for cellular homeostasis, growth and development in plants. Cognate SNARE proteins localise to vesicle and target membranes, and assembly of functional SNARE complexes is sufficient to drive membrane fusion. SNAREs also bind other protein partners, specialised to align vesicle fusion within certain physiological roles. SNARE interactions with ion channels in animals appear to facilitate electrical signalling and neuroendocrine secretion, and we have shown that interaction between the Arabidopsis plasma membrane SNARE SYP121 and the ion channel subunit KC1 affects transport of the osmotically-active K+ ion. An obvious potential corollary of this is that binding between SNAREs and ion channels is important in regulating vesicle fusion. Despite the fundamental nature of the process, we have little understanding of the molecular mechanisms that couple cellular volume with osmotic solute transport in plants or other walled eukaryotic cells. Indeed, how walled cells regulate transport of osmotically-active solutes (especially of K+) in parallel with cell volume - whether reversible as in guard cells or during irreversible expansive growth - remains a matter of considerable debate. This proposal builds on significant recent findings we have made following on our identification of the SYP121-KC1 protein complex and its role in K+ channel regulation: (1) we have identified the site on the SNARE protein SYP121 that binds the channel subunit KC1, and (2) we have demonstrated that KC1 competes with the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein KEULE for binding to SYP121. SM proteins are key regulators of membrane vesicle fusion in all eukaryotes, but their precise role in controlling SNARE-mediated membrane fusion remains unclear and a topic of intense research. Our findings point to a link between SM protein function and a SNARE-channel interaction. Not only do they offer the first evidence of a mechanism that directly couples osmotic solute transport with vesicle traffic to control cell expansion in walled eukaryotes, but they also support a new model for SM-regulated membrane traffic. Our working hypothesis is that the SNARE-K+ channel interaction of SYP121 and KC1 serves as a 'molecular governor', analogous to the mechanical invention James Watt employed in moderating the turnover rate of his steam engines, to coordinate vesicle traffic (and cell expansion) with uptake of the osmotically-active K+ ion. We now propose to test various aspects of this hypothesis. We aim to fully characterize the binding of SYP121 to KC1 and KEULE in order to build up a molecular map of the interactions. We also propose to examine the consequences of selectively disrupting the interactions between SYP121, KC1 and KEULE on SNARE complex assembly, membrane traffic and channel-mediated K+ transport. Our multidisciplinary approach will not only further our understanding of the link between osmotic solute transport and control of cell volume, but is also likely to provide a novel paradigm for linking membrane traffic with other physiological processes.
Technical Summary
This proposal builds on our discovery of a novel SNARE protein complex that is essential for K+ channel regulation in Arabidopsis. We have recently identified a unique SNARE binding site for the channel subunit, KC1, on the Qa-SNARE SYP121 and shown that it competes with the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein KEULE. SM proteins are key regulators of membrane vesicle fusion in all eukaryotes, and our findings point to a link, previously unrecognized, between the SNARE-channel interaction and SM protein function. As the first substantive evidence of a direct connection between osmotic solute transport and vesicle traffic, our findings point to an entirely new model for the regulation of vesicle traffic during cell expansion in walled eukaryotes. Our working hypothesis is that SNARE-K+ channel interaction serves as a molecular 'governor' to coordinate channel-mediated uptake of the osmotically-active K+ ion with cell expansion. The goals of this project are to fully understand the molecular basis for the interactions between SYP121, KC1 and KEULE. Understanding the dynamic relationship between these three proteins will enable us to investigate how their interactions impinge upon SM protein function and feed into cell turgor and volume control.
Planned Impact
This proposal is for fundamental research developing new concepts at the core of ideas emerging within the international cell biology community. The research should stimulate thinking about these topics and help facilitate a paradigm shift in approach. These studies will also extend recent development by MRB of a novel split-ubiquitin 'bridge' (SUB) assay for high-throughput, multicomponent molecular interaction analysis. Thus, the research is expected to benefit fundamental researchers as well as industry through conceptual developments as well as the introduction of new technologies for the analysis of multicomponent systems. The research will feed into higher education training programmes through research training at the postgraduate and postdoctoral levels. Finally it will help guide future efforts in applications to agricultural/industrial systems. MRB has established links with industrial/technology transfer partners (Agrisera, Dualsystems, Plant Bioscience) and research institutes (SCRI and JIC) to take advantage of these developments. Further details of these, and additional impacts will be found in Part 1 of the Case for Support and in the attached Impact Plan.
Publications
Karnik R
(2017)
Commandeering Channel Voltage Sensors for Secretion, Cell Turgor, and Volume Control.
in Trends in plant science
Karnik A
(2013)
SDM-Assist software to design site-directed mutagenesis primers introducing "silent" restriction sites.
in BMC bioinformatics
Juric I
(2019)
Computational modelling predicts substantial carbon assimilation gains for C3 plants with a single-celled C4 biochemical pump.
in PLoS computational biology
Jezek M
(2019)
A constraint-relaxation-recovery mechanism for stomatal dynamics.
in Plant, cell & environment
Jezek M
(2017)
The Membrane Transport System of the Guard Cell and Its Integration for Stomatal Dynamics.
in Plant physiology
Honsbein A
(2011)
A molecular framework for coupling cellular volume and osmotic solute transport control.
in Journal of experimental botany
Hecker A
(2015)
Binary 2in1 Vectors Improve in Planta (Co)localization and Dynamic Protein Interaction Studies.
in Plant physiology
Grefen Christopher
(2015)
A vesicle-trafficking protein commandeers Kv channel voltage sensors for voltage-dependent secretion (vol 1, 15108, 2015)
in NATURE PLANTS
Grefen C
(2011)
Ion transport, membrane traffic and cellular volume control.
in Current opinion in plant biology
Grefen C
(2012)
A 2in1 cloning system enables ratiometric bimolecular fluorescence complementation (rBiFC).
in BioTechniques
Grefen C
(2015)
A vesicle-trafficking protein commandeers Kv channel voltage sensors for voltage-dependent secretion.
in Nature plants
Grefen C
(2014)
The split-ubiquitin system for the analysis of three-component interactions.
in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
Gehl B
(2014)
An Arabidopsis stomatin-like protein affects mitochondrial respiratory supercomplex organization.
in Plant physiology
Feroz H
(2021)
Liposome-based measurement of light-driven chloride transport kinetics of halorhodopsin.
in Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes
Feroz H
(2018)
Light-Driven Chloride Transport Kinetics of Halorhodopsin.
in Biophysical journal
Eisenach C
(2014)
Clustering of the K+ channel GORK of Arabidopsis parallels its gating by extracellular K+.
in The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
Eisenach C
(2012)
The trafficking protein SYP121 of Arabidopsis connects programmed stomatal closure and K? channel activity with vegetative growth.
in The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
Chen ZH
(2012)
Systems dynamic modeling of the stomatal guard cell predicts emergent behaviors in transport, signaling, and volume control.
in Plant physiology
Cai S
(2017)
Speedy Grass Stomata: Emerging Molecular and Evolutionary Features.
in Molecular plant
Blatt MR
(2013)
The conceptual approach to quantitative modeling of guard cells.
in Plant signaling & behavior
Blatt MR
(2015)
Vigilante Science.
in Plant physiology
Blatt MR
(2022)
What can mechanistic models tell us about guard cells, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency?
in Trends in plant science
Description | This award has led to a number of findings, most important relating to how secretion is regulated at the plant plasma membrane. We can now show a difference between two major pathways for secretion to the membrane, a difference that is associated with a unique regulatory protein as well as control by interactions with a subset of ion channels. These findings define the first clear evidence of differential secretory control at a single membrane in a plant system. The findings also allow us to differentiate homeostatic and stress-related secretory activities in new ways that may have longer-term implications for understanding plant growth. |
Exploitation Route | possible implications for manipulation of secretion and plant cell growth in the longer term |
Sectors | Agriculture Food and Drink Education Environment Other |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | 2in1 vector systems |
Description | Synthetic biology vectors for transient and stable transformation with quantitative visual reporting on cell-by-cell basis |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Year Produced | 2009 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and over 100 research groups worldwide Vector system distributions to more than 500 research groups worldwide |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | EZ-Rhizo |
Description | Computer software tool for quantitative measurement and analysis of root growth/development |
Type Of Material | Physiological assessment or outcome measure |
Year Produced | 2010 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and research groups worldwide Online distribution has been accessed through the laboratory website with site views at a rate of >500 per month |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | Henry |
Description | Software for electrophysiology and imaging data aquisition and analysis |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and research groups worldwide Online distribution has been accessed through the laboratory website with site views at a rate of >500 per month |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | Multicistronic vector systems |
Description | Synthetic biology vector systems for transient and stable transformation for expressing multiple, tagged proteins and for quantitative analysis of membrane traffic and transport |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Year Produced | 2010 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and over 100 research groups worldwide Vector system distributions to more than 500 research groups worldwide |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | OnGuard |
Description | Systems biology software for quantitative modelling of cellular transport and homeostasis |
Type Of Material | Physiological assessment or outcome measure |
Year Produced | 2012 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and research groups worldwide Online distribution has been accessed through the laboratory website with site views at a rate of >500 per month |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | SUS vector systems |
Description | Synthetic biological vector systems for protein-protein interaction screening |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Year Produced | 2010 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and over 100 research groups worldwide Vector system distributions to more than 500 research groups worldwide |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | Software tools for electrophysiology and imaging |
Description | The laboratory continues to develop and refine software/hardware tools for data acquisition and analysis relevant to electrophysiology, single-cell imaging and analysis. These activities are long-standing and open-ended, and develop in line with the current research activities and needs of the laboratory. All software and related packages are made freely available to the research community through the laboratory website at psrg.org.uk |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | The various software tools and packages have furthered the research activities of the laboratory since the 1990s and continue to provide key support and drivers for advancing much of current research. These tools and packages are disseminated, on average, to over 100 laboratories per year. |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | EZ-Rhizo |
Description | Software for quantitative trait analysis and acquisition for root growth/development |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2010 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and research groups worldwide Online distribution has been accessed through the laboratory website with site views at a rate of >500 per month |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | Henry |
Description | Software package for electrophysiology and imaging data acquisition and analysis |
Type Of Material | Data handling & control |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and research groups worldwide Online distribution has been accessed through the laboratory website with site views at a rate of >500 per month |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | OnGuard |
Description | Quantitative systems biology modelling of cellular transport and homeostasis |
Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
Year Produced | 2012 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and research groups worldwide Online distribution has been accessed through the laboratory website with site views at a rate of >500 per month |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Title | SDM-assist |
Description | Software for molecular primer design that enables introduction of silent markers for molecular cloning |
Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
Year Produced | 2013 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Multiple publications from my own research group and research groups worldwide Online distribution has been accessed through the laboratory website with site views at a rate of >500 per month |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Description | PBL |
Organisation | Plant Bioscience Limited Technology |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | IPR on ABA receptor technology and ABA signalling |
Collaborator Contribution | Funding related to IPR on ABA receptor technology and ABA signalling |
Impact | Multiple outcomes in publications and industrial contacts |
Description | PSG |
Organisation | POSCO - South Korea |
Country | Korea, Republic of |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | Base support for meetings and exchange of materials |
Collaborator Contribution | Base support for meetings and exchange of materials |
Impact | Base support for meetings and exchange of materials |
Title | Software tools and packages for electrophysiology and imaging |
Description | The laboratory continues to develop and refine software/hardware tools for data acquisition and analysis relevant to electrophysiology, single-cell imaging and analysis. These activities are long-standing and open-ended, and develop in line with the current research activities and needs of the laboratory. All software and related packages are made freely available to the research community through the laboratory website at psrg.org.uk |
Type Of Technology | Software |
Impact | The various software tools and packages have furthered the research activities of the laboratory since the 1990s and continue to provide key support and drivers for advancing much of current research. These tools and packages are disseminated, on average, to over 100 laboratories per year. |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Description | International online services |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Prof. Blatt and members of his laboratory have contributed to various media events over the years, including online interview contributions (e.g. People behind the Science, a US-based media program) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | Pre-2006,2006,2008,2011,2015,2016,2017,2018 |
Description | Invited presentations |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | I regularly speak to audiences, from small groups (5-20) to large audiences (>1000) in a variety of settings. In addition to teaching and extramural activities associated with the university, I also speak on invitation to national and international groups a number of times each year and in a variety of settings, academic as well as public. I also reach audiences through short video presentations mounted on the web, these primarily via my laboratory website and the ASPB websites. Anyone reading this entry is welcome to visit these sites to learn more. The impacts arising from my presentations are varied. For example, a common consequence of my speaking in academic settings is to attract potential researchers to visit my laboratory and, frequently, to interest potential collaborators and students/postdocs to my research group. At scientific meetings, my talks often attract interest also from researchers interested in the various tools and materials that my research has produced, including the various vector systems and software packages that I |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | Pre-2006,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018 |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Description | Schools and displays |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | As these were multiple events, this question is not informative or useful. Participants varied from numbers in the tens to several thousands Extensive training of participating laboratory members as well as broad scope reach to schools and communities, in the case of the GCC science days to the west of Scotland and in the case of the IFPD activities to audiences within and outside the UK |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018 |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Description | Teaching Tools |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | The PI has supported the editor in developing these tools since their inception in 2009 and has contributed to recent tools relating to membranes and transport education The Tool received an international award in 2010 for excellence in education and has an acknowledged takeup worldwide in over 3000 institutions |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018 |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |
Description | Teaching Tools |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | The PI has supported the editor in developing these tools since their inception in 2009 and has contributed to recent tools relating to membranes and transport education The Tool received an international award in 2010 for excellence in education and has an acknowledged takeup worldwide in over 3000 institutions |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018 |
URL | http://psrg.org.uk |