Synthetic RNA designs for defective virus vaccines of African horse sickness disease
Lead Research Organisation:
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Department Name: Infectious and Tropical Diseases
Abstract
African horse sickness is a viral disease of horses that results in up to 90% death in naïve but can also infect without severe disease symptom other animals (mules, donkeys, zebras, goats), which act as reservoir. AHSV is endemic to the sub-Saharan Africa but there has been the occasional outbreak of the disease in Spain and Portugal which had significant social and economic impact. The virus is spread by biting midges that are found throughout Europe and the UK, increasing the potential risk of an outbreak. This is becoming a greater concern as climate changes influence both the overall populations of these midges and their dispersal. There are current vaccines available for AHSV but they are considered unsafe, causing adverse side effects and have potential for releasing different type of the viruses into the environment. This proposal will develop vaccines that will be highly safe and will protect the animals from infection without the side effects. The new vaccines are only possible due to recent discoveries made by a research team at the LSHTM, and will use technologies, which are not yet available in other public or commercial organizations.
Technical Summary
AHSV is an emerging animal pathogen with the potential to cause severe economic impact in the UK and Europe. It is transmitted by biting midges that are also responsible for the transmission and recent emergence of BTV in Europe and the UK. AHSV infection can cause up to 90% death in a naïve equine population within one week of infection. Currently, no AHSV vaccines are licensed in UK and Europe and the horse importation from enzootic countries is prohibited. The main objective of this project is to develop safe, replication-deficient AHSV strains and evaluate their efficacy in a mouse model system. Once the best candidate vaccine has been determined, it will be tested on 3-4 horses. Since AHSV derived ssRNAs are infectious, it will be possible to obtain AHSV progeny from T7-derived AHSV ssRNAs. To generate replication-deficient AHSV, deletions in the coding region will be made in an essential without disrupting the untranslated regions, which contains cis-acting transcription/replication signals. To ensure complete restriction of virus growth in normal cells, other targeted mutations will be made in a second essential gene. We will also adapt a cell-free core reconstitution system that allows for rapid assessment of mutated RNA segments to be packaged into the particle prior to rescuing potential vaccine candidates by the RG system. In parallel, cell lines that constitutively express the wild-type protein(s) to complement the mutation(s) will be produced. The defective viruses will be characterised and used to generate virus strains for all serotypes. The efficacy of these virus strains, as single or multserotype (cocktail) vaccines will be undertaken in model mouse system in collaboration with FLI (Germany). The best candidate vaccine will then be tested on a minimal number of horses to minimise any suffering. This proposal will take basic virology from the laboratory to translational science with the development of a safe AHSV vaccine.
Planned Impact
The threat of orbivirus emergence within animal population of northern EU and UK had largely been considered to be very low risk. This perception and complacency left governments and the agricultural industry on the back foot after the outbreak and over wintering of BTV-8 in the EU and incursion into the UK in 2008. The BTV-8 outbreak had significant economic and social cost, largely due to the ban of animal export and trade from infected area as well as the indirect cost associated with restrictions of public and animal movement. This is highlighted by the emergence of BTV-8 in 2007 in France, costing $1.4 billion in one year (Tabachnick, et al. 2008). Even though there is strong evidence that the distribution of orbiviruses have changed, the potentially more devastating and closely related AHSV is still considered to be low risk despite using the same insect vectors, and research into the development of a safe AHSV vaccine not prioritized. The horse industry in the UK is estimated to contribute £7 billion in direct economic impact (Allison, Taylor et al. 2009). The increase in horse movement for racing carnivals, sporting events (polo, dressage, etc) and importation of semen and embryos has increased the risk associated with the introduction of exotic viruses. The economic and social costs are significantly different between agricultural and equine industry. The control measures including animal slaughter, vaccination, movement restrictions and vector control methods are well understood for most agriculturally important disease whereas outbreaks of equine diseases have a degree of extra complexity, as animal slaughter would be unacceptable and restriction in horse movement could potentially have a more serious impact on the industries than the disease itself. The economic impact of an AHSV outbreak is expected to be ~ £4 billion if it remains uncontrolled (Allison, et al. 2009) and furthermore, failure to control and limit an AHSV outbreak in the UK would cause the collapse of the British racing industry within 18 months (Allison, Taylor et al. 2009). A worst-case scenario is the rapid spread of the virus once introduced, by wind-borne dispersal of midges into a susceptible naïve horse population (>1.3 million) in which 75-95% could die. A similar case fatality for AHSV has been documented for the 1959 epidemic, with more than 300,000 horses died due to AHSV infection (House 1993; Mellor and Hamblin 2004). In the past, whilst vaccination was used to control and eradicate AHSV in Spain and Iberian Peninsula outbreak, currently there are no AHSV vaccines licensed in UK or EU to prevent its spread and minimize economic impact due to safety issues associated with the current vaccines. The development of an AHSV vaccine that is safe, efficacious and affords protection would have a major impact in preparing the UK and EU for any potential outbreak.
Allison, K., N. Taylor, et al. (2009). African Horse Sickness. Impact on the UK Horse Industry: The potential effects on businesses, horses and horse owners, University of Reading: 27.
House, J. A. (1993). "African horse sickness." Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 9(2): 355-64.
Mellor, P. S. and C. Hamblin (2004). "African horse sickness." Vet Res 35(4): 445-66.
Tabachnick, W., C. Smartt, et al. (2008). Bluetongue, University of Florida: 5.
Allison, K., N. Taylor, et al. (2009). African Horse Sickness. Impact on the UK Horse Industry: The potential effects on businesses, horses and horse owners, University of Reading: 27.
House, J. A. (1993). "African horse sickness." Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 9(2): 355-64.
Mellor, P. S. and C. Hamblin (2004). "African horse sickness." Vet Res 35(4): 445-66.
Tabachnick, W., C. Smartt, et al. (2008). Bluetongue, University of Florida: 5.
People |
ORCID iD |
Polly Roy (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Celma CC
(2014)
Pathogenicity study in sheep using reverse-genetics-based reassortant bluetongue viruses.
in Veterinary microbiology
Kanai Y
(2014)
Immunogenicity of recombinant VP2 proteins of all nine serotypes of African horse sickness virus.
in Vaccine
Lulla V
(2016)
Assembly of Replication-Incompetent African Horse Sickness Virus Particles: Rational Design of Vaccines for All Serotypes.
in Journal of virology
Description | Summary: we have generated highly attenuated reverse genetics-based vaccines for AHSV and tested them for protection in mice model and more recently in ponies, with positive results. Initial work was focused on the development of a robust reverse genetics (RG) system for AHSV. This was achieved based on AHSV serotype 1, allowing efficient production of viruses from transfection of genomic RNAs. This system allowed us to modify the AHSV-1 virus and to generate an ECRA virus (Entry Competent Replication-Abortive virus, previously known as Disabled Infectious Single Cycle [DISC] virus) in combination with in trans complementation of VP6, a viral protein essential for AHSV genome replication. This ECRA virus remains capable of viral protein expression in a permissive cell line, but cannot undergo genome replication, although it grows efficiently in a complementing cell line that stably expresses a functional AHSV VP6. The AHSV-1 ECRA strain was then used to generate ECRA strains of all nine serotypes, by exchanging relevant RNA segments. To confirm that these ECRA strains were capable of triggering a protective immune response, IFNA-/- mice were immunized with two vaccine strains and then challenged with a homologous strain of virulent virus. Vaccinated mice showed significantly reduced AHSV RNA replication and none developed any clinical symptom (Lulla et al. 2016). We then proceeded to undertake similar studies in ponies, the natural host of AHSV. Ponies were vaccinated twice using either a single ECRA serotype or a cocktail of four ECRA serotypes. Both vaccinations triggered an immune response. Two weeks after the booster vaccination, all animals were challenged intravenously with a virulent virus. Neither any viral RNA replication nor any AHS disease symptoms were observed in the vaccinated animals, in contrast to the control animals. Altogether our data validated the ability of these ECRA strains to trigger a protective immune response in an AHSV natural host and their suitability as a new generation of vaccines for AHSV (Lulla et al. 2017). Award objectives were therefore met with significant positive results. New clinical studies aiming to describe long-term immunization following vaccination of ponies with one or a cocktail of ECRA viruses are now undergoing. |
Exploitation Route | This project aim to produce vaccine strains for AHSV disease and we are looking for an appropriate industrial partner. |
Sectors | Agriculture Food and Drink Leisure Activities including Sports Recreation and Tourism |
URL | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=lulla+AHSV |
Description | 9 ECRA AHSV vaccines have been generated representing all 9 serotype and these have now been successfully tested on horses. The vaccine trial shows promising outcome as no animal showed any evidence of seroconversion and demonstrated the production of neutralising antibodies against all 9 serotypes of AHSV implying that the cocktail of 9 ECRA AHSV viruses is a safe and viable vaccination strategy against AHSV. |
First Year Of Impact | 2016 |
Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Education,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology |
Impact Types | Economic |
Description | The RNA interactome necessary and sufficient for Orbivirus genome packaging |
Amount | £743,074 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/V008846/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2022 |
End | 03/2024 |
Description | The dynamics of cell entry and genome replication in a model complex virus |
Amount | £1,793,281 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 221749/Z/20/Z |
Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2021 |
End | 05/2026 |
Title | AHSV DISC viruses |
Description | AHSV DISC viruses were able to grow in cells that provide the VP6 protein in trans (BSR-VP6 cell line) but were not able to go through a full replication cycle in normal cells. The restriction imposed by this replication deficiency suggests that these viruses will not represent a risk of wild type virus release. |
Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - in vitro |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | AHSV vaccine candidates |
Title | AHSV NS3 expression constructs |
Description | Construct for bacterial and baculovirus-derived expression for AHSV NS3. Bacterial expression constructs: pHisSumo-AHSV4-NS3-NTD pHisSumo-AHSV4-NS3-NTD2 pHisSumo-AHSV4-NS3 pHisGST-AHSV4-NS3-NTD pHisGST-AHSV4-NS3-NTD2 pHisGST-AHSV4-NS3-CTD pHisGST-AHSV4-NS3 pET-A1NS3-Chis Baculovirus expression constructs: pACYM1-AHSV4-NS3-Chis pACYM1-AHSV6-NS3-Chis |
Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - in vitro |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Molecular studies of AHSV NS3 provide the vital information on the structure, function and pathogenesis of AHSV. |
Title | AHSV T7 templates and expression plasmids |
Description | Expression plasmids for replication complex formation: AHSV1 VP1, VP3, VP4, VP6, VP7, NS1 and NS2. Templates for generation T7 mRNA transcripts of AHSV: AHSV1 segments 1-10 AHSV2 segments 2,3,6,7,10 AHSV3 segments 2,6,7,10 AHSV4 segments 1-10 AHSV5 segments 2,3,6,7,10 AHSV6 segments 1-10 AHSV7 segments 2,3,6,7,10 AHSV8 segments 2,6,10 AHSV9 segments 2,6,10 |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Reverse genetics for AHSV |
Title | AHSV replicon and reporter |
Description | Plasmids to visualize AHSV infection using reverse genetics pCAG-Rz-A1S5mod-ZsG-2A-Pac pCAG-Rz-A1S5mod-2A-mCherry |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | AHSV replicon and reporter systems are valuable tools to study replication, however the method failed to generate any replicon system. |
Title | AHSV reserve genetics system |
Description | T7 mRNA and nascent African Horse Sickness Virus core transcript based system that allows for the specific recombination of a synthetic gene into the AHSV genome |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | This system will have an important impact in understanding replication and pathogenicity of AHSV and will also be essential in the development of a new generation of vaccines for this disease. |
Title | AHSV reverse genetics |
Description | Exact copies of different segments of AHSV. AHSV4 - exact-copy plasmids for all segments (pBluescript). pBluescript-S10 for AHSV2, AHSV3, AHSV7, AHSV8, AHSV9 pBluescript-S3 for AHSV8 and AHSV9 pBluescript-S7 for AHSV8 and AHSV9 |
Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - in vitro |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Development of reverse genetics based tools and vaccine candidates |
Title | AHSV1 VP6-expressing cell line |
Description | Cell line expressing AHSV1 VP6 for vaccine development. |
Type Of Material | Cell line |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Complementary cell line for vaccine development. |
Title | ECRA AHSV Vaccine Strains (Serotypes 1- 9) |
Description | 9 ECRA AHSV vaccines have been generated representing all 9 serotype. These carry 11 premature stop codons within segment 9, which expresses VP6 (an essential structural protein) and NS4 (a minor, non-essential, non-structural protein). Viruses carrying these stop codons cannot express a functional VP6 and so are incapable of replication. Propagation of these viruses is therefore achieved by replication in a complementary BSR cell line stably expressing a functional VP6. To generate DISC AHSV viruses of all 9 serotypes we substituted the outer capsid proteins of the DISC viruses with those for other serotypes, Segment 2 (VP2) and Segment 6 (VP5). Several serotypes required additional substitutions to replicate efficiently; however, ECRA viruses were successfully generated for all 9 serotype. |
Type Of Material | Biological samples |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Testing virus vaccine strains is essential to support them for commercial development. These have been used in an assessment to determine their ability to elicit a neutralising antibody response. |
Title | Evaluation of vaccine efficacy |
Description | Replication-deficient vaccine strains were tested in animals as monovalent or in multivalent combinations and the protection analysed by Elisa and serum neutralisation assays. |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Testing these virus vaccine strains is essential to support them for commercial development |
Title | Replication complex of AHSV1 |
Description | Set of constructs and obtained baculoviruses for the expression of AHSV replication complex proteins. pHT-HisStrep-A1VP1 pHT-HisStrep-A1VP4 pHT-A1VP6 pHT-A1VP3(RA) pHT-HisStrep-A1VP1-p10-A1VP3(RA) pHT-HisGST-A1VP4-p10-A1VP6 |
Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - in vitro |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Studies of AHSV1 replication complex |
Title | Storing vaccine strains |
Description | A range of reagents and conditions for storing vaccine strains was tested in order to optimise a formulation for the use of DISC viruses as vaccine |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | Optimisation of transport and stability conditions for vaccine candidates is essential for a better cost-effective vaccine. |
Description | IFNAR-/- mice vaccination and challenge studies using AHSV DISC vaccines. |
Organisation | Friedrich Loeffler Institute |
Department | Institute of Farm Animal Genetics; Friedrich Loeffler Institut |
Country | Germany |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Development of AHSV vaccine candidates. |
Collaborator Contribution | Testing of AHSV vaccine candidates on IFNAR-/- mice. |
Impact | AHSV vaccine candidates are safe and efficient against homologous AHSV challenge. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Natural host - vaccine testing in horses |
Organisation | French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) |
Country | France |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Development and testing of AHSV vaccine candidates. Optimization of vaccine preparation and storage. |
Collaborator Contribution | Testing of AHSV vaccine candidates on ponies |
Impact | African horse sickness virus is one of the most devastating diseases of horses. Since AHSV is closely related to bluetongue virus that recently emerged in Northern Europe and also both are transmitted by the same culicoides vector, AHSV could be expected to emerge outside of its usual geographic boundaries in Africa. The live virus vaccines that are currently used can lead to sufficient viremia for uptake and spreading by insect vectors, reversion to virulence and reassortments. Thus, it is essential to develop highly efficacious vaccines for all AHSV serotypes and such vaccines must be completely safe in horses, generating no viremia. To this end, we generated replication-deficient AHSV variants and assessed their protective efficacy in ponies. Vaccinated animals were completely protected against virulent virus challenge demonstrating the suitability of these deficient viruses as vaccines in animals. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Title | Designing attenuated AHSV vaccines (2016) |
Description | African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is an orbivirus, a member of the Reoviridae family. Nine different serotypes have been described so far. AHSV is vectored by Culicoides spp. to equids, causing diseases with a high mortality rate and dissemination potential thus engendering considerable economic impacts. For development of a safe attenuated vaccine, we previously established a highly efficient reverse genetics (RG) system to generate replication-deficient virus strains for all nine serotypes and demonstrated the vaccine potential of these strains in type I interferon receptor (IFNAR)-knockout mice (1). Here, we evaluated the protective efficacies of these replication-deficient viruses in AHSV natural hosts, e.g. ponies. One monoserotype (def-AHSV4) vaccine and one multivalent cocktail (def-AHSV1/4/6/8) vaccine were tested and ponies were challenged with a virulent AHSV4. All vaccinated ponies were completely protected from virulent homologous virus challenge and did not develop AHSV clinical symptoms. Furthermore, the cocktail def-AHSV vaccinated ponies produced neutralizing antibodies against all serotypes present in the cocktail, and a foal born during the trial was healthy and had no viremia. These results validate the suitability of these deficient strains as a new generation of vaccines for AHSV. IMPORTANCE African horse sickness virus is one of the most devastating diseases of horses. Since AHSV is closely related to bluetongue virus that recently emerged in Northern Europe and also both are transmitted by the same culicoides vector, AHSV could be expected to emerge outside of its usual geographic boundaries in Africa. The live virus vaccines that are currently used can lead to sufficient viremia for uptake and spreading by insect vectors, reversion to virulence and reassortments. Thus, it is essential to develop highly efficacious vaccines for all AHSV serotypes and such vaccines must be completely safe in horses, generating no viremia. To this end, we generated replication-deficient AHSV variants and assessed their protective efficacy in ponies. Vaccinated animals were completely protected against virulent virus challenge demonstrating the suitability of these deficient viruses as vaccines in animals. |
IP Reference | |
Protection | Patent application published |
Year Protection Granted | 2016 |
Licensed | No |
Impact | African horse sickness virus (AHSV), an orbivirus in the Reoviridae family with nine different serotypes, causes devastating disease in equids. The virion particle is composed of seven proteins organized in three concentric layers, an outer layer made of VP2 and VP5, a middle layer made of VP7, and inner layer made of VP3 that encloses a replicase complex of VP1, VP4, and VP6 and a genome of 10 double-stranded RNA segments. In this study, we sought to develop highly efficacious candidate vaccines against all AHSV serotypes, taking into account not only immunogenic and safety properties but also virus productivity and stability parameters, which are essential criteria for vaccine candidates. To achieve this goal, we first established a highly efficient reverse genetics (RG) system for AHSV serotype 1 (AHSV1) and, subsequently, a VP6-defective AHSV1 strain in combination with in trans complementation of VP6. This was then used to generate defective particles of all nine serotypes, which required the exchange of two to five RNA segments to achieve equivalent titers of particles. All reassortant-defective viruses could be amplified and propagated to high titers in cells complemented with VP6 but were totally incompetent in any other cells. Furthermore, these replication-incompetent AHSV particles were demonstrated to be highly protective against homologous virulent virus challenges in type I interferon receptor (IFNAR)-knockout mice. Thus, these defective viruses have the potential to be used for the development of safe and stable vaccine candidates. The RG system also provides a powerful tool for the study of the role of individual AHSV proteins in virus assembly, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE: African horse sickness virus is transmitted by biting midges and causes African horse sickness in equids, with mortality reaching up to 95% in naive horses. Therefore, the development of efficient vaccines is extremely important due to major economic losses in the equine industry. Through the establishment of a highly efficient RG system, replication-deficient viruses of all nine AHSV serotypes were generated. These defective viruses achieved high titers in a cell line complemented with VP6 but failed to propagate in wild-type mammalian or insect cells. Importantly, these candidate vaccine strains showed strong protective efficacy against AHSV infection in an IFNAR(-/-) mouse model. |
Title | METHOD FOR PRODUCING VACCINAL VIRAL STRAIN OF A VIRUS OF THE REOVIRIDAE FAMILY |
Description | The invention relates to a method for producing a modified viral strain of a virus which is a member of the Reoviridae family and, in particular, relates to vaccinal viral strains of the Orbivirus genus. |
IP Reference | WO2009068870 |
Protection | Patent granted |
Year Protection Granted | 2009 |
Licensed | No |
Impact | This will allow potentially for future BTV vaccine manufacturing and marketing. This discovery also lead to make similar vaccines for all strains of African Horse sickness virus, that are now currently ready for potential manufacturer . The technology has opened up understanding of virus life cycle and its impact on immune response and pathogenicity that are currently being studied by orbivirus virologists around the world. |
Description | 10th Spring Meeting on Baculoviruses & Expression Technology, (Virtual, USA) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Talk given virtually on baculoviruses (molecular biology, structural virology) |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
URL | https://viruses2020.sciforum.net/#:~:text=It%20is%20with%20great%20pleasure,%2C%205%2D7%20February%2... |
Description | 8th European Meeting on Viral Zoonoses |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The 8th European Meeting on Viral Zoonoses was organised by the European Society for Virology. It brought together virologist from all over the world to discuss about ecology, epidemiology, evolution, virus-host interactions, prevention and control of current zoonotic viruses. The results concerning the protective efficacy of Bluetongue virus and African Horse Sickness virus replication-deficient vaccine strains were presented and discussed afterwards. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://euroviralzoon.com/ |
Description | 9th International Virus Assembly Symposium, Madeira |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Keynote speech by Polly Roy: Unique mechanisms in Bluetongue virus entry and in the packaging of precise RNA complexes Poster presentation by Po-Yu Sung, C.C. Kao and Polly Roy: Identification of RNA-protein binding regions in Bluetongue virus VP6 that critical to viral replication and genome packaging Poster presentation by Adeline Kerival and Polly Roy: Looking through the Bluetongue viral Non-structural Protein 1 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | French Annual Virology conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | To promote the new generation designed vaccines for African Horse sickness and related viruses to the veterinarians and medical clinicians, industrial partners as well as scientists. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Microbiology Society Conference, 2019, UK |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk about the article: Mapping the pH sensors critical for host cell entry by a complex noneveloped virus. Weining Wu, Cristina C. Celma, Adeline Kerviel, Polly Roy |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | PMB Seminar 2017 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | The purpose was to present the results of AHSV vaccine trials to the audience for discussion. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Scripps Research Institute |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Lecture given by Professor Roy Lecture topic: Phased replication by Bluetongue virus and its application to vaccine design A lecture and Powerpoint presentation. no actual impacts realised to date |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
Description | Seventh Vaccine & International Society for Vaccines (ISV) Annual Global Congress, Spain |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Keynote speaker at Conference Professor Roy's presentation was titled 'Structure-based designer vaccines for Orbiviruses' no actual impacts realised to date |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
Description | Vaccine Centre Seminar - 2017 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Present the results for the replication-abortive AHSV strains in animal trials. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Virology workshop (SGM-2013) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Talk in the Annual Conference (Microbiology Society) to present VE work. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
Description | Women in Health Lecture, 2018 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Lecturer about the work I have been devloping in virology. Members of the academic community within LSHTM attended. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |