Super Seal Sense: Whisker movement strategies in Pinnipeds
Lead Research Organisation:
Manchester Metropolitan University
Department Name: School of Science and the Environment
Abstract
Active touch theory states that sensors must move and engage in task-specific behaviours in order to improve efficiency and performance in sensory tasks. Human fingertips are an active touch system as they make purposeful, task-specific movements, for example they sweep over textures, feel around edges to judge shape and squeeze objects to judge hardness. Most mammals do not have mobile, tactile fingertips and they have whisker touch sensors instead. Whiskers are part of a unique sensory system and are highly sensitive and moveable. Although many researchers assume whiskers do active touch sensing, it has never been quantitatively investigated in any animal.
Seals, Sea lions and Walruses, use their whiskers for foraging, navigation and object identification in dark and murky underwater habitats. They have the longest and most sensitive whiskers of all mammals, that are specially-shaped and are moved systematically with purpose. Seal whiskers are undulating while sea lion and walrus whiskers are smooth. These shape specialisations are likely to affect what the animal can feel with their whiskers. However, no one has ever investigated this.
For this fellowship I will characterise active touch sensing strategies in seals and sea lions using behavioural experiments, 3D mechanical models and robot platforms. I suggest that the control of specially-shaped whiskers allows Seals and Sea lions to discriminate between different objects. I will discover if actively controlling whiskers enables them to sense more efficiently, improving our understanding of active sensing, whisker mechanics and motor control. This will be tested by:
1. Describing whisker movements in Harbor seals (wavy whiskers) and South African fur seals (smooth whiskers). Animals will be trained at SeaQuarium Rhyl to complete 3 different tasks: colour, texture and size while blindfolded and selecting a target object from a range of different distractors. The whiskers will be filmed underwater and tracked allowing me to visualise how whiskers move during each different discrimination task.
2. Identifying task-specific whisker strategies in Harbor seals and South African fur seals using three different discrimination tasks as detailed above.
3. Estimating how whisker shape effects sensation by investigating different forces applied along the whisker using mechanical models and a robot sensor. I expect whisker shape to affect the bend of a whisker when in contact with an object. Dissected seal and sea lion whiskers from museum specimens will be scanned and modelled in specialist 3D software (called Finite Element Analysis) looking at how an object behaves in a given situation.
4. Exploring how different-shaped whiskers (wavy or smooth) affect movement strategies. Dissected Pinniped whiskers will be attached to a robot sensor arranged like a muzzle; the robot will make movements to detect object size and texture. Robot movements will be compared to my experimental data to see how efficient seals and sea lions are at sensing. This will improve our understanding of active sensing and whisker mechanics, by combining aspects of anatomy, whisker tracking, whisker robotics and detailed 3D digital models.
5. Examining if these strategies are altered during a hydrodynamic task (the ability of some animals to sense water movements). My tactile task will be adapted to a hydrodynamic task and whisker and head movement strategies will be compared.
Seals, Sea lions and Walruses, use their whiskers for foraging, navigation and object identification in dark and murky underwater habitats. They have the longest and most sensitive whiskers of all mammals, that are specially-shaped and are moved systematically with purpose. Seal whiskers are undulating while sea lion and walrus whiskers are smooth. These shape specialisations are likely to affect what the animal can feel with their whiskers. However, no one has ever investigated this.
For this fellowship I will characterise active touch sensing strategies in seals and sea lions using behavioural experiments, 3D mechanical models and robot platforms. I suggest that the control of specially-shaped whiskers allows Seals and Sea lions to discriminate between different objects. I will discover if actively controlling whiskers enables them to sense more efficiently, improving our understanding of active sensing, whisker mechanics and motor control. This will be tested by:
1. Describing whisker movements in Harbor seals (wavy whiskers) and South African fur seals (smooth whiskers). Animals will be trained at SeaQuarium Rhyl to complete 3 different tasks: colour, texture and size while blindfolded and selecting a target object from a range of different distractors. The whiskers will be filmed underwater and tracked allowing me to visualise how whiskers move during each different discrimination task.
2. Identifying task-specific whisker strategies in Harbor seals and South African fur seals using three different discrimination tasks as detailed above.
3. Estimating how whisker shape effects sensation by investigating different forces applied along the whisker using mechanical models and a robot sensor. I expect whisker shape to affect the bend of a whisker when in contact with an object. Dissected seal and sea lion whiskers from museum specimens will be scanned and modelled in specialist 3D software (called Finite Element Analysis) looking at how an object behaves in a given situation.
4. Exploring how different-shaped whiskers (wavy or smooth) affect movement strategies. Dissected Pinniped whiskers will be attached to a robot sensor arranged like a muzzle; the robot will make movements to detect object size and texture. Robot movements will be compared to my experimental data to see how efficient seals and sea lions are at sensing. This will improve our understanding of active sensing and whisker mechanics, by combining aspects of anatomy, whisker tracking, whisker robotics and detailed 3D digital models.
5. Examining if these strategies are altered during a hydrodynamic task (the ability of some animals to sense water movements). My tactile task will be adapted to a hydrodynamic task and whisker and head movement strategies will be compared.
Technical Summary
Human fingertips are an active touch system as they make purposeful, task-specific movements. The primary tactile sensor in most mammals are whiskers. While studies have referred to whiskers as an active sense, no one has ever identified task-specific whisker movements in any animal, determined by making different whisker movements during different tasks. As opposed to other sensory systems, whiskers are comparatively large, easy to see and easy to measure, making them an ideal system to test active sensing theories. Pinnipeds have the most prominent and sensitive whiskers of any mammal that are purposefully controlled. However, we do not know if the kinematics of whiskers differ depending on a task. Pinniped whiskers vary in size, length, number and shape. These differences affect the mechanics of whisker signals, received by each whisker follicle. How whisker shape affect follicle forces is unknown, although it is likely that undulating whiskers are more stable when sensing underwater. I suggest active control of specially-shaped whiskers allows Pinnipeds to efficiently discriminate between objects. I will explore this by designing novel training tasks, with state-of-the-art 3D whisker imaging. I will identify active sensing strategies during a texture, size and visual task in Phocids (undulating whiskers) and Otariids (smooth whiskers). I will estimate how whisker shape effects the interaction between whisker and follicle using linear FEA models and a robot whisker sensor with real Pinniped whiskers. I will use the robot sensor to test sensory movement strategies and identify the efficiency of Pinniped sensing, comparing robot sensor movements to those of Pinnipeds. I will also compare tactile and hydrodynamic sensing strategies, by developing a hydrodynamic task. This unique project will reveal how whiskers move as an active sensory system and their functional significance, transforming our understanding of mammalian mechanosensation and motor control.
Organisations
- Manchester Metropolitan University (Collaboration, Lead Research Organisation)
- National Museums Scotland (Collaboration)
- Henry Royce Institute (Collaboration)
- Yorkshire Wildlife Park (Collaboration)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Collaboration)
- British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (Collaboration)
Publications
Elder A
(2024)
Describing the musculature of mystacial pads in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) using diceCT.
in Journal of anatomy
Elder, A
(2025)
Pinniped training for research in zoos: a case study using sensory discrimination tasks
in Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research JZAR
Nakhwa, A
(2024)
Implications of tactile enrichment on the behaviour and whisker movements of four species of carnivorans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science.
in Applied Animal Behaviour Science.
| Title | Super Seal Sense Logo |
| Description | I developed a logo for my research initiative, Super Seal Sense, to enhance outreach and engagement. The logo serves as a visual identity for my work, featured on stickers, badges, and other materials distributed to schoolchildren, students, visitors, and the wider public during outreach activities. To ensure high-quality design and resolution for various platforms, I collaborated with my uncle, Steve Wilkin, a graphic designer and former course leader in Illustration and Children's Book Illustration at the University of Central Lancashire. His expertise helped refine the logo for professional use across social media and printed materials. |
| Type Of Art | Artwork |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Impact | The Super Seal Sense logo has enhanced public engagement by creating a recognisable identity for my research. It has been well received in outreach activities, with children particularly enjoying stickers as a memorable takeaway from their learning experience. The logo is consistently used across my social media, presentations, conferences, and website, strengthening the visibility and impact of my work in pinniped research and science communication. |
| URL | https://supersealsense.wordpress.com/ |
| Description | Significant progress has been made in understanding the behaviour and anatomy of seals and sea lions, providing valuable insights into how these animals interact with their environment. Key achievements so far include: Advancements in Imaging Techniques Using state-of-the-art imaging technologies, including micro-CT and diceCT, we have generated high-resolution anatomical images of pinniped musculature, particularly focusing on the muscles surrounding their whiskers within the facial pad. This research has led to the first documentation of whisker musculature in both true seals (phocids) and sea lions and fur seals (otariids), significantly enhancing our understanding of how these animals use their whiskers for sensory perception and environmental interaction. Development of New Research Methods A novel CT scanning protocol for pinniped specimens has been developed using diceCT techniques, optimising imaging parameters to obtain high-quality anatomical data. In addition to imaging advancements, the research has also contributed to innovative animal training methodologies. Sensory discrimination tasks have been implemented with pinnipeds, improving both research outcomes and welfare in captive environments such as zoos and aquariums. These training methods enable more effective data collection while ensuring animal well-being. Understanding Whisker Use and Behaviour Our research has provided deeper insights into how pinnipeds use their whiskers for sensory tasks, such as object recognition. Comparative studies between true seals (phocids) and sea lions and fur seals (otariids) have revealed preliminary differences in whisker movement patterns. Ongoing analyses aim to determine how these differences influence behavioural and sensory strategies, broadening our understanding of how pinnipeds interact with their surroundings. Investigating Whisker Function Further research explores the role of whiskers in tactile exploration by examining whisker movement and deformation when interacting with different textures. Through interdisciplinary approaches, including robotics, we are gaining a comprehensive understanding of how whisker shape, size, and material properties affect sensory perception. Comparative studies across species continue to refine our knowledge of tactile information processing in pinnipeds. Strengthening Conservation Collaborations Collaborations with leading national and international organisations dedicated to pinniped conservation have been established, strengthening global efforts to study and protect these species. Insights from this research have directly contributed to improved captive care and conservation strategies, particularly in the development of husbandry and welfare guidelines tailored to the specific needs and behaviours of pinnipeds. Objectives Achieved: • Successfully described and analysing the whisker movements in Harbour seals (wavy whiskers) and South African fur seals (smooth whiskers). Pinnipeds were trained to complete sensory discrimination tasks, including brightness, texture, and size recognition. • Utilised underwater footage to track and compare whisker movement strategies. This analysis aims to reveal species-specific sensory exploration methods in Harbour seals and South African fur seals. • Developed and applied advanced imaging techniques (micro-CT and diceCT) to visualise pinniped musculature and whisker function. • Dissected whiskers from pinnipeds are being attached to a robot sensor arranged like a facial pad to test how whisker shape affects movements over different textured objects, improve our understanding of how whisker shape influences sensory strategies. |
| Exploitation Route | Future Directions The refinement of advanced imaging techniques and staining methods will continue to enhance our understanding of pinniped anatomy. Further exploration of training methodologies will support the use of pinnipeds as behavioural models for sensory research, with implications for cognitive welfare and conservation. As a member of the BIAZA Pinniped Focus Group, I am contributing to the development of protocols, guidelines, and welfare standards for both wild and captive pinnipeds. Ongoing partnerships are fostering knowledge exchange and advancing marine wildlife conservation, particularly concerning entanglement risks. Future research will investigate how pinniped whisker movement strategies adapt to hydrodynamic tasks, focusing on their ability to detect water motion. Although some delays occurred due to the closure of the original research facility and the relocation of animals, this work will resume at the new facility in due course. |
| Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy Education Environment Culture Heritage Museums and Collections |
| Description | The findings from this research have led to several significant non-academic impacts. Our work has informed the development of BIAZA's Pinniped Species care sheets, which provide essential welfare and husbandry guidelines for BIAZA-accredited zoos, ensuring that pinnipeds receive the highest standards of care and enrichment, particularly for enhancing sensory perception through whisker stimulation. Additionally, I helped facilitated the transfer of pinnipeds from SeaQuarium Rhyl due to coastal defence redevelopment, coordinating their relocation to other UK zoos to ensure their continued welfare. The research has also contributed to the creation of a standardised rehabilitation and release protocol for UK pinnipeds, in collaboration with key stakeholders ssuch as wildlife rescue organizations and government agencies. Furthermore, these protocols now incorporate the study of whiskers as a form of identification will allow for the identification of pinnipeds above water, when traditional identification methods such as fur and tags are not visible. These initiatives have significantly improved the welfare of pinnipeds both in captivity and in the wild, promoting best practices in their care, rehabilitation, and release. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2024 |
| Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice |
| Impact Types | Societal Economic Policy & public services |
| Description | BIAZA Pinniped Focus Group - The Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice UK- Marine Mammals |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Impact | The revisions to the Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice for GB have resulted in more detailed and specific guidelines for marine mammal care, ensuring that all zoos adhere to the highest standards of welfare and husbandry. These updated guidelines are now integral to the licensing process, meaning all zoos must comply with them to maintain their zoo license. This ensures consistent, high-quality care for marine mammals across licensed zoos in the UK, benefiting both animal welfare and the public's trust in accredited institutions. |
| URL | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6959... |
| Description | BIAZA Pinniped Husbandry and Welfare - Care Shets |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Impact | The updated Pinniped Species care sheets have raised the standards of welfare and husbandry for captive pinnipeds. These guidelines ensure that BIAZA-accredited zoos maintain the highest care standards for pinnipeds. Available for free download by BIAZA members from the Member's Husbandry Resources page, the care sheets outline best practices for zoo management. Adherence to these guidelines is essential for zoos to maintain their BIAZA accreditation, ensuring that the welfare of pinnipeds is consistently prioritised across all member institutions. |
| URL | https://biaza.org.uk/projects/detail/biaza-welfare-toolkit-2 |
| Description | Independent Advice on Marine Animal Welfare Impact for Coastal Defence Redevelopment |
| Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Impact | My input has initiated discussions about the need for a welfare assessment, ensuring the potential impacts on the seals are properly evaluated before proceeding with the project. This has led to more informed decision-making, prioritising animal welfare alongside the environmental and engineering aspects of the redevelopment. |
| Description | Pinniped Release Protocol UK |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Impact | The development of a standardised protocol for the rehabilitation and release of UK pinnipeds has led to a more consistent and effective approach in caring for stranded animals. By aligning the practices of key stakeholders, including wildlife rescue organisations and government agencies, the protocol ensures that pinnipeds receive the highest standards of care during rehabilitation and are better prepared for successful release. This collaboration will improve the overall welfare of stranded pinnipeds, leading to higher survival rates and better long-term outcomes. The protocol also enhances coordination among organisations, ensuring that best practices are followed nationwide. |
| Description | PhD Studentship - Pinniped sensing strategies in water movements |
| Amount | £70,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Manchester Metropolitan University |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 08/2023 |
| Description | PhD Studentship KennelNet |
| Amount | £88,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Manchester Metropolitan University |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 01/2025 |
| End | 01/2028 |
| Title | CT Scanning of Pinniped Mystacial Pads. |
| Description | This research method utilises micro-CT and diceCT imaging to visualise the musculature of pinniped mystacial pads in three dimensions. Unlike traditional histology, which is limited by its two-dimensional approach, micro-CT and diceCT offer higher resolution and precision by optimising scan parameters such as X-ray voltage, power, filtering, and staining conditions. Advanced segmentation techniques, including automated, semi-automated, and manual methods, are employed to produce detailed, accurate models of vibrissae musculature, providing critical insights into sensory control in pinnipeds. |
| Type Of Material | Biological samples |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The development of this research method has significantly advanced our understanding of pinniped sensory anatomy and muscle morphology by providing high-resolution, three-dimensional visualisations of vibrissal musculature. This enables a deeper insight into how pinnipeds use their whiskers for activities like foraging, hunting, and navigation. The findings have potential applications in comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and marine mammal conservation. The methodology has been made adaptable to different pinniped species and imaging software platforms, enhancing its accessibility for future research on sensory systems in other species. Beyond pinnipeds, this approach can be applied to investigate whisker-based sensory systems in various mammals, such as rodents, otters, and marsupials, broadening the scope of comparative anatomical studies and revealing evolutionary patterns across diverse taxa. |
| URL | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-66955-2_9 |
| Description | BIAZA - Pinniped Whisker Growth and Arrangement |
| Organisation | British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | My PhD student and I are researching the growth and arrangement of pinniped whiskers globally, thanks to invaluable collaborations with institutions such as Colchester Zoo, Combe Martin Wildlife and Dinosaur Park, Duisburg Zoo, Edmonton Valley Zoo, Heidelberg Zoo, Loro Park, Pairi Daiza, SeaSearch South Africa, SeaQuarium of Rhyl, West Midlands Safari Park, Zoo de Amneville, and Zoo Hannover, these zoos have provided pinnipeds for assessing whisker arrangement, thus allowing us to provide images for data collection. |
| Collaborator Contribution | BIAZA has provided research support for this study, facilitating collaboration with all participating zoos and contributing to the success of the whisker arrangement and growth research. |
| Impact | Outputs include a paper currently in submission, and the collaboration has expanded our network of zoo connections, facilitating the study of whisker growth and arrangement. This partnership is multidisciplinary, involving fields such as marine biology, zoology, anatomy, and sensory ecology. |
| Start Year | 2023 |
| Description | NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| Organisation | National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | My research team is leveraging entanglement data provided by NOAA. |
| Collaborator Contribution | NOAA has meetings dedicated to various areas of marine science and collects data on entanglement incidents involving pinnipeds. By finding members and granting access to this data, BOAAenables our research into the sensory and behavioral aspects of entanglement. |
| Impact | No impact yet new collaboration |
| Start Year | 2024 |
| Description | NXCT Henry Royce UoM - CT Scanning of Pinnipeds |
| Organisation | Henry Royce Institute |
| Department | Henry Royce Institute – University of Manchester Facilities |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Our team acquired samples from museums and collaborators for scanning, as well as prepared and processed data for analysis. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Our partners provided a technician to assist with the scanning process, data analysis, and segmentation. |
| Impact | This collaboration has resulted in the following outputs: Elder A, Evans E, Brassey C, Kitchener AC, Hantke G, Grant R. (2024). Describing the musculature of mystacial pads in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) using diceCT. J Anat. 2024 Oct 15. doi: 10.1111/joa.14158. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39404176. Evans, E. and Elder, A. (2024). Micro-CT Imaging Techniques for Visualising Pinniped Mystacial Pad Musculature. In: Yap, M.H., Kendrick, C., Behera, A., Cootes, T., Zwiggelaar, R. (eds) Medical Image Understanding and Analysis. MIUA 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14859. Springer, Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-66955-2_9. Two additional papers currently in submission. This research brings together expertise across multiple disciplines: Anatomy & Morphology - Using diceCT and micro-CT to analyse pinniped musculature. Marine Biology - Investigating functional adaptations in pinnipeds Biomedical Imaging & Computational Analysis - Applying advanced imaging techniques for anatomical visualisation. Museum & Collection Studies - Utilising preserved specimens for research. |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | National Museums Scotland - Harbour Seal and Grey Seals |
| Organisation | National Museums Scotland |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Our team is contributing by preparing harbor seal muzzles and a grey seal specimen for CT scanning and data analysis, supporting research on pinniped morphology and sensory structures. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Our partners have contributed by collecting and donating harbor seal and grey seal muzzles for CT scanning, providing essential specimens for morphological and sensory research. |
| Impact | Yes, in collaboration with National Museums Scotland (NMS), we have published: Elder A, Evans E, Brassey C, Kitchener AC, Hantke G, Grant R. (2024). Describing the musculature of mystacial pads in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) using diceCT. J Anat. 2024 Oct 15. doi: 10.1111/joa.14158. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39404176. Evans, E. and Elder, A. (2024). Micro-CT Imaging Techniques for Visualising Pinniped Mystacial Pad Musculature. In: Yap, M.H., Kendrick, C., Behera, A., Cootes, T., Zwiggelaar, R. (eds) Medical Image Understanding and Analysis. MIUA 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14859. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66955-2_9 Additionally, we have one manuscript currently under submission and another in preparation. This collaboration is multi-disciplinary, incorporating expertise from: Anatomy & Morphology (e.g., diceCT imaging and muscle structure analysis) Marine Biology (e.g., pinniped physiology and behavior) Museum Studies & Collections (e.g., specimen access and curation) Biomechanics & Functional Morphology (e.g., structural analysis and movement implications) |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | SeaQuarium Rhyl and Manchester Metropolitan University - Whisker movement strategies in Pinnipeds |
| Organisation | Manchester Metropolitan University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | I am contributing my training expertise, research equipment, recording and statistical analysis software, and appropriate research attire to support and facilitate this study. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Rhyl SeaQuarium is providing access to their Harbour Seals and South African Fur Seals to study whisker growth and underwater whisker movements under varying pressures. Manchester Metropolitan University has supported this research by funding a PhD student to undertake the work. |
| Impact | Yes, this collaboration has resulted in the following outputs, a published article Elder, A., Todd, K., McLoughlin, E., Jones G.C and Grant, R.A. (2025) Pinniped training for research in zoos: A case study using sensory discrimination tasks. in the Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research (JZAR). Two additional papers, one currently in submission. Todd, K., Grant R., Barnes, A., Bie Thøstesen, C., Canchal Peralta, M., Denagtergael, R., Fairfax, S., Fedyna-Carter, H., Gridley, T., Holiday, K., Kieswetter, N., Kaczmarska, M., McCloughlin, E., Midwood, P., Reichler, S., Roeper, K., Vancsok, C. and Elder, A. (In Submission). Vibrissal Arrangements in Pinnipeds as an Identifying Feature. Marine Mammal Science This collaboration is multi-disciplinary, integrating expertise from: Zoology & Animal Behavior - Investigating behavioral and physiological adaptations. Anatomy & Morphology - Studying structural and functional aspects of marine mammals. Veterinary & Conservation Science - Informing best practices in animal health and welfare. Utilising preserved specimens for anatomical and evolutionary research. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | Yorkshire Wildlife Park - California Sealion Muzzle |
| Organisation | Yorkshire Wildlife Park |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | In this collaboration, I received donated California sealion muzzles to scan as part of our ongoing research on whisker and muscle anatomy. My team and I will conduct the scanning and data collection to enhance our understanding of pinniped anatomy. This partnership is crucial for advancing our research on species-specific adaptations and supporting pinniped conservation. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Contributed by donating California sea lion muzzles for our research on whisker and muscle anatomy. This donation is vital for enhancing our understanding of of anatomy |
| Impact | No impact yet |
| Start Year | 2025 |
| Description | Animal Behaviour and Conservation Research Day at Manchester Metropolitan University |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | I organised and hosted an Animal Behaviour and Conservation Research Day at Manchester Metropolitan University, bringing together Postgraduate, Undergraduate, and Fellow colleagues, as well as professionals in the field. The event featured a range of speakers and encouraged interdisciplinary collaboration, receiving positive feedback for inspiring students and highlighting the impact of animal behaviour and conservation research. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Animal Movement and Pose Workshop - Super Seal Sense |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | The workshop, held at Rhyl SeaQuarium, was an event designed to showcase my research on pinniped behavior and movements, specifically through "Super Seal Sense". Hosted for colleagues from Manchester Metropolitan University, SeaQuarium staff, and postgraduate students, the day included a series of talks on various animal movements, as well as a live demonstration of my research. The purpose of the workshop was to promote collaboration, enhance understanding of pinniped sensory and movement behaviors, and provide a hands-on opportunity to engage with the research. The event sparked insightful discussions, deepened the participants' knowledge, and fostered networking within the animal behavior research community. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | BIAZA Pinniped Focus Group Conference 24 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | I organised, chaired, and served as a focus group member at the BIAZA Pinniped Conference at Chessington World of Adventures. My role involved coordinating sessions, leading discussions, and ensuring the conference ran smoothly. The event facilitated knowledge exchange among experts, researchers, and professionals in pinniped research, promoting collaboration and advancing best practices for the care and conservation of pinnipeds across the UK. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwju3LrOlYSMA... |
| Description | BIAZA Pinniped Focus Group Conference 25 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | I organised, chaired, and served as a focus group member at the BIAZA Pinniped Conference at Yorkshire Wildlife Park. My role involved coordinating sessions, leading discussions, and ensuring the conference ran smoothly. I also presented on key research, reaching across all pinniped areas. The event facilitated knowledge exchange among experts, researchers, and professionals in pinniped research, promoting collaboration and advancing best practices for the care and conservation of pinnipeds across the UK. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| URL | https://biaza.org.uk/events/detail/biaza-pinniped-conference-2025 |
| Description | BIAZA Pinniped Focus Group Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | I organised and chaired a workshop at the BIAZA Pinniped Conference at Chessington World of Adventures. The workshop brought together experts and professionals in pinniped research, fostering discussions on current trends, challenges, and advancements in the field. It provided valuable insights for attendees and promoted collaboration across institutions and research areas. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwinwK_ck4SMAxU7SkEAHQfWKf4Q... |
| Description | BIAZA Research Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I was a speaker at the 2022 BIAZA Research Conference held at ZSL, where I presented my research on pinniped behavior and sensory systems. The presentation provided insights into my work and allowed for networking and knowledge exchange with other professionals in the field of zoo research and animal |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://biaza.org.uk/events/detail/biaza-research-conference |
| Description | Guest speaker - Sealion Whiskers! Askham Bryan University |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Hosted a University webinar on my research journey and the work I have done, which sparked a lively discussion and generated significant interest among students. The session led to increased curiosity in related fields, and the University has since scheduled another talk later this year. The feedback from the event was overwhelmingly positive, with students expressing enthusiasm for my work and its real-world impact. One staff member mentioned, "It was great to give them a real-world example of how research can change your life and not only stay in the zoo sector but flow into other industries too." |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | ITV Interview for National News |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Paul Crone visited Blackpool Zoo to interview me and feature the sea lions for the 18:00 news. During the interview, I discussed my recent findings from my PhD and shared details about my new BBSRC Discovery Fellowship opportunity. The segment provided a platform to showcase my research on pinniped behavior and sensory systems, while also highlighting the work being done at Blackpool Zoo. This exposure contributed to raising public awareness about pinniped research and the ongoing projects aimed at enhancing animal welfare and conservation efforts. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2021-08-02/blackpool-zookeeper-explores-unique-movement-of-super-se... |
| Description | Interview for a Podcast - The science behind how pinnipeds control their whiskers - Marine Mammal Science with Dr Ashley Scarlett |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | I was featured on the Marine Mammal Science podcast USA, where I spoke with Dr. Ashley Scarlett about my research on pinniped whisker movement. We discussed how sea lions and other pinnipeds use their vibrissae to sense their environment and navigate in the wild. This episode provided insights into the sensory capabilities of marine mammals and helped share my findings with a international audience interested in marine mammal science. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-science-behind-how-pinnipeds-control-their-whiskers/id1475... |
| Description | Measuring Behaviour Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I presented on the use of Deep Lab Cut as a tool for underwater sensing with pinnipeds at the Measuring Behaviour Conference at the University of Aberdeen. My presentation focused on validating Deep Lab Cut as a reliable method for tracking and analysing the behavior of pinnipeds in aquatic environments. The session sparked discussions on the potential of advanced technologies in behavioral research and provided new insights into how such methods can enhance our understanding of marine mammal behavior. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.measuringbehavior.org/ |
| Description | Newspaper Article Lancashire News |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | I was interviewed for a press release featured in the Lancashire News regarding my new Discovery Fellowship at BBSRC. The article highlighted the objectives of my fellowship, focusing on advancing research in pinniped behavior and sensory systems, and the broader impact of my work on marine mammal conservation. The interview provided an opportunity to showcase the significance of the fellowship and how it will contribute to scientific understanding, as well as my ongoing efforts in the field. The press coverage helped raise awareness about my research within the local community and beyond, fostering interest in marine conservation and animal welfare. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.marketinglancashire.com/news/blackpool-zoo-keeper-secures-prestigious-fellowship/ |
| Description | Online Article Blackpool Zoo |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | An online press release about my work and research was shared across all of Blackpool Zoo's social media platforms. The release sparked questions and generated significant interest in becoming a zookeeper, particularly within the zoo's Events Section. The press release not only highlighted my research and contributions to pinniped welfare but also helped to engage the public, inspire future careers in animal care, and raise awareness about the importance of conservation and education within zoos. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.blackpoolzoo.org.uk/news/blackpool-zoo-keeper-secures-prestigious-fellowship |
| Description | Pinniped Group Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I presented at a seminar attended by pinniped trainers from UK zoos and facilities holding pinnipeds for research or rehabilitation. The event also featured guest speakers discussing current issues and research. As the research liaison for BIAZA pinniped research, I gave a presentation covering all research within this sector. The session sparked discussion and increased awareness of ongoing pinniped research, fostering collaboration among professionals in the field. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://biaza.org.uk/events/detail/biaza-pinniped-husbandry-conference |
| Description | Research Development - Two Oceans Aquarium |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Involved in a research discussion with the management team of Two Oceans Aquarium and Sea Search in South Africa to accommodate research focused on the release of marine mammals entangled in marine debris. The conversation aimed to align research efforts with conservation goals and explore practical approaches for the safe rehabilitation and release of affected animals, strengthening international collaboration on marine mammal welfare. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.aquarium.co.za/news/everything-youve-ever-wanted-to-know-about-seal-rescues-in-the-v-a-w... |
| Description | Research Development Team - Guest Mentor RKE |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Each month, the RKE bring together a cohort to discuss a particular career development topic with some guest mentors who have expertise experience of that area. This session was done for the PDRAs focussed on 'preparing for your fellowship'. During the session we discussed what you need to be a competitive applicant, the realities of the fellowship experience and how to make the most of this opportunity. Ahead of the session the PDRAs come up with questions shared in advance to the guest mentor in this case me and then use to structure the discussions. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | SICB Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I had the privilege of presenting my research on pinniped whisker musculature at the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB) Conference in Seattle. My presentation focused on the intricate role of various muscles involved in whisker control and how they enable pinnipeds to navigate their environment. This session generated significant discussions and fostered meaningful engagement with fellow researchers, which broadened the impact and visibility of my work within the scientific community. Additionally, I had the opportunity to connect with experts from various fields, further advancing the dialogue on sensory adaptations in marine mammals |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| URL | https://www.xcdsystem.com/sicb/program/I1Kr23t/index.cfm |
| Description | School Visit - LCP |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | I visited schools to discuss careers in zoo keeping, animal training, and research. During the talks, I shared insights into the path I've taken in my career, the research I have conducted, and the reasons behind my passion pinniped research. The aim was to inspire students and provide them with a better understanding of what is involved in zoo-related professions and scientific research. The talks sparked interest and curiosity among students about animal behavior and conservation. Many students asked thoughtful questions about how they could pursue similar careers. The school reported a noticeable increase in student engagement in science-related subjects following the visit. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| Description | Sea Search Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I hosted a workshop on my BBSRC research and upcoming projects using data from Sea Search South Africa. The session sparked new collaborations and led to significant data collection efforts. This initiative engaged Sea Search staff, policy holders, and aquarium keepers, fostering international cooperation and expanding the scope of research and conservation efforts. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://seasearch.co.za/ |
| Description | Super Seal Sense Facebook |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I created a Facebook page as an outreach and social media tool to showcase my research and educate the public about pinnipeds. The page shares updates, behind-the-scenes footage, and insights from my work, while also linking to other media platforms I have designed. It serves as a platform to document my research journey and engage with a broader audience. Through Facebook, I've sparked interest in pinniped conservation, marine mammal welfare, and related research, fostering discussions and building a community of individuals passionate about these topics. The page has played a significant role in raising awareness and connecting with people interested in pinniped research and conservation. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.facebook.com/supersealsense/ |
| Description | Super Seal Sense Instagram |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | I created an Instagram account as an outreach and social media tool to showcase my research and educate people about pinnipeds. The account provides behind-the-scenes footage of my research and has been linked to various other media platforms I have designed. It serves as a way to document my research progress and allows me to reflect on how far I have come. Through the platform, I have engaged with a wider audience, sparked interest in pinniped conservation, and fostered discussions on marine mammal welfare and research. The account has contributed to raising awareness and building a community of individuals interested in these topics. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.instagram.com/supersealsense/ |
| Description | Super Seal Sense Twitter |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | I created a Twitter account as an outreach and social media tool to share updates on my research and promote awareness about pinnipeds. The account allows me to engage with a broader audience, share behind-the-scenes insights, and highlight key findings from my work. It has been linked to other media platforms I have designed and serves as a quick way to communicate with both the research community and the public. Through Twitter, I have sparked discussions on pinniped conservation, marine mammal welfare, and research, while building connections with individuals and organisations interested in these topics. The platform has helped further raise awareness and foster a community around my work. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://twitter.com/supersealsense |
| Description | Super Seal Sense Website |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I created a website as an outreach and social media tool to explain my research, educate people about pinnipeds, and encourage others to pursue research within the animal field. The website is linked to various other media platforms I have designed. It also features a blog, which is updated and has sparked interest from students seeking research opportunities. This platform has not only helped raise awareness about pinniped conservation and research but has also fostered engagement with the next generation of researchers in the field. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://supersealsense.wordpress.com/ |
| Description | The Centre for Biological Diversity (CBD) at the University of St Andrews |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I was invited as a guest speaker to host a session about my research after meeting attendees from the college at the BBSRC Fellows conference earlier that year. The session provided an opportunity to share my work, engage with the audience, and discuss key aspects of my research in marine mammal behavior particular in pinniped sensing. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Whisker Weekend |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Whisker Weekend is a research-focused event showcasing my BBSRC research. It provides an opportunity to showcase findings, promote seal welfare, and engage children through fun activities like storytelling and mask-making, all while they are on half term. The event raised awareness about pinniped research and conservation, while also fostering a hands-on, interactive learning environment for younger audiences. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.seaquariumrhyl.co.uk |
| Description | Zoo Research Day at Manchester Metropolitan University |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Held my first Zoo Research Day at Manchester Metropolitan University, for Postgraduate, Undergraduate and fellow colleagues from MMU. I hosted and organised the event, for the first time and was quite excited to bring in my own links from the zoo industry. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Zoo Research Day at Manchester Metropolitan University |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | I organised and hosted a Zoo Research Day at Manchester Metropolitan University for postgraduate, undergraduate, and fellow colleagues, as well as professionals in the zoo research field. This annual event features a variety of speakers presenting zoo-related research. The events receive positive feedback for promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and inspiring students about the potential impact of their research. It successfully sparks excitement and engagement among attendees. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022,2023,2024,2025 |