Elucidating the importance of the pools of nitrate in soils on denitrification
Lead Research Organisation:
Rothamsted Research
Department Name: Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the factors controlling the utilisation of different pools of N in nitrification and denitrification, namely existing NO3-, newly formed NO3- and added NO3-.
The existence of different pools of NO3- in soils has been suggested through a series of laboratory incubation experiments using a denitrification incubation system, DENIS, at Rothamsted Research, North Wyke. This was observed from data on the isotopic signature of the emitted N2O. It was expected that after application of N and C to soil cores, an increase in the delta15Nbulk-N2O would result due to the preference of the microbes to use the lighter isotope, leaving an enriched pool behind. This increase occurred for several days after N and C application but then a decrease was observed. This change in behavior combined with the use of a model suggested the possible change in the source of NO3- between the added NO3- and the native soil pool. A third NO3- pool, from the nitrification of applied NH4+, can also be a source of N2O via denitrification and also from nitrification. Nitrification and denitrification may occur simultaneously in soil but there is often uncertainty associated with which process dominates in a particular soil under specific conditions.
In order to develop mitigation strategies for N2O emissions, it is necessary to gain knowledge of the sources and processes that produce N2O in soils, and to understand the controlling factors of these processes to specifically target these sources. This study aims to determine the factors controlling the utilization of different NO3- pools in nitrification/denitrification, namely i) existing NO3-, ii) newly formed NO3- and iii) added NO3-. Soil moisture (water filled pore space) and the ratios of applied C:N will be the controlling factors studied and in order to achieve the overall aim, direct measurements of evolved gases N2O, N2, NO, isotopomers of N2O after application of N and C will be carried out by using the laboratory incubation system (DENIS). Also 15N-N2O will be measured when applying a labeled N source.
Isotopomers of N2O describe the location of the 15N on the N2O molecule at natural abundance and are useful for confirmation of the process source. This data will be used in a model to assess the utilization for denitrification of both existing (soil NO3-) and added NO3- to soil at two different ratios of C:N in the added amendment.
Isotope labelling techniques will be applied combined with a model (Müller model) capable of determining rates of simultaneous complex transformations of N, allowing the quantification of reaction rates of nitrification, mineralisation, immobilisation and re-mineralisation in newly formed microbial biomass. This technique will provide an estimate of the source of N2O from nitrified NH4+ and NO3- added.
A further model - the dual porous (macro and micropores) Pore-Cor model will be used to predict the location of hot spots of biological activity at the 10 to 100 um scale in relation to the critical percolation path where the transport of nutrients (N and C) occurs.
Through a combination of direct gaseous measurements (NO, N2O and N2) and isotopic techniques, via labelling and use of stable isotopes, it will be possible to differentiate between the different pools of NO3- involved in the process of denitrification. The project will achieve model refinements and insights gained from three mathematical models; and finally will provide recommendations for soil management to reduce N2O emissions.
The existence of different pools of NO3- in soils has been suggested through a series of laboratory incubation experiments using a denitrification incubation system, DENIS, at Rothamsted Research, North Wyke. This was observed from data on the isotopic signature of the emitted N2O. It was expected that after application of N and C to soil cores, an increase in the delta15Nbulk-N2O would result due to the preference of the microbes to use the lighter isotope, leaving an enriched pool behind. This increase occurred for several days after N and C application but then a decrease was observed. This change in behavior combined with the use of a model suggested the possible change in the source of NO3- between the added NO3- and the native soil pool. A third NO3- pool, from the nitrification of applied NH4+, can also be a source of N2O via denitrification and also from nitrification. Nitrification and denitrification may occur simultaneously in soil but there is often uncertainty associated with which process dominates in a particular soil under specific conditions.
In order to develop mitigation strategies for N2O emissions, it is necessary to gain knowledge of the sources and processes that produce N2O in soils, and to understand the controlling factors of these processes to specifically target these sources. This study aims to determine the factors controlling the utilization of different NO3- pools in nitrification/denitrification, namely i) existing NO3-, ii) newly formed NO3- and iii) added NO3-. Soil moisture (water filled pore space) and the ratios of applied C:N will be the controlling factors studied and in order to achieve the overall aim, direct measurements of evolved gases N2O, N2, NO, isotopomers of N2O after application of N and C will be carried out by using the laboratory incubation system (DENIS). Also 15N-N2O will be measured when applying a labeled N source.
Isotopomers of N2O describe the location of the 15N on the N2O molecule at natural abundance and are useful for confirmation of the process source. This data will be used in a model to assess the utilization for denitrification of both existing (soil NO3-) and added NO3- to soil at two different ratios of C:N in the added amendment.
Isotope labelling techniques will be applied combined with a model (Müller model) capable of determining rates of simultaneous complex transformations of N, allowing the quantification of reaction rates of nitrification, mineralisation, immobilisation and re-mineralisation in newly formed microbial biomass. This technique will provide an estimate of the source of N2O from nitrified NH4+ and NO3- added.
A further model - the dual porous (macro and micropores) Pore-Cor model will be used to predict the location of hot spots of biological activity at the 10 to 100 um scale in relation to the critical percolation path where the transport of nutrients (N and C) occurs.
Through a combination of direct gaseous measurements (NO, N2O and N2) and isotopic techniques, via labelling and use of stable isotopes, it will be possible to differentiate between the different pools of NO3- involved in the process of denitrification. The project will achieve model refinements and insights gained from three mathematical models; and finally will provide recommendations for soil management to reduce N2O emissions.
Technical Summary
The existence of different pools of NO3- in soils has been suggested through laboratory experiments using a denitrification incubation system, DENIS, at Rothamsted Research, North Wyke. This was observed from isotopomer (location of the 15N at the central, alpha or peripheral, beta N of the N2O molecule at natural abundance levels) data of the N2O emitted after application of C and N to soil cores. The data suggested when combined with a Rayleigh-type model that there were two pools of NO3- for N2O production represented by existing (soil NO3-) and fresh NO3- added as fertiliser. A third NO3- pool, from the nitrification of applied NH4+, can also be a source of N2O via denitrification and also from nitrification. Nitrification and denitrification may occur simultaneously in soil but there is often uncertainty associated with which process dominates in a particular soil under specific conditions. This study aims to determine the factors controlling the utilization of different NO3- pools in nitrification/denitrification, namely i) existing NO3-, ii) newly formed NO3- and iii) added NO3-. Isotopomers of N2O will be used with the Rayleigh-type model to assess the utilization of both existing and added NO3- to soil at two different ratios of C:N in the added amendment. Triple isotope labelling (15N-NH4+, 15N-NO3-, 15NH415NO3) will be applied combined with a model (Müller model) to quantify N transformation rates. This technique will provide an estimate of the source of N2O from nitrified NH4+ and NO3- added. A further model - the dual porous Pore-Cor model will be used to predict the location of hot spots of biological activity at the 10 to 100 um scale in relation to the critical percolation path where the transport of added nutrients (N and C) occurs. This project will provide a better understanding of the relative importance of different sources of N2O in a grassland soil and possible switch between NO3- pools to help develop mitigation strategies for N2O.
Planned Impact
The outputs of this research will impact on society and the economy by influencing:
Scientific community:
This research will inform scientists working in similar areas of research by providing understanding of the processes and N pools utilisation originating gaseous emissions from agricultural soils. It will provide tools for expanding the knowledge and understanding of soil processes by the use of a combination of experimental techniques and models at the soil core scale. This project will directly impact our national collaborators, Dr. Catherine Watson from AFBI in Northern Ireland by providing data for ring testing of the gaseous emissions and isotope data and our international collaborators Prof. Christoph Müller from University Giessen in Germany and Reinhard Well from the Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute in Germany on the application of their models and isotopomers data to aid interpretation of the results. It will also provide the opportunity to continue to improve the Pore-Cor model with the University of Plymouth and to gain understanding of the effect of the proximity of pools to microbes on emissions.
Current national (Prof. G.P. Matthews in Plymouth) and international collaborations (with Prof. A. Vallejo from the Polytechnic University of Madrid, Dr. M. Alfaro from INIA in Chile and Prof. Reinhard Well in Germany) will be maintained and new ones developed (Dr. C. Watson from AFBI and Prof. C.Müller in Germany) and during this project to raise awareness of this project beyond Rothamsted Research. This will be done in combination with Laura's role within the ISPG and the Defra greenhouse gas platform within which she has an important role (Defra projects AC0112, AC0114, AC0116, web site: http://www.ghgplatform.org.uk/
As a multidisciplinary study, this project is an opportunity for the various expertises to influence the outcome to the best of their knowledge. The project team will benefit in the combined use of experiments and models increasing their skills in mechanistic studies. Experiments will be presented at the institute's yearly tour of experiments to colleagues from Rothamsted Research.
Attendance to two International conferences will help disseminate results from the project as well as generate interest for future work. The Nitrogen Workshop which gathers researchers mostly from Europe on nitrogen. The EGU, which covers a wider range of subject areas and although it is an European meeting, it is also attended by researchers from outside Europe.
Policy community:
The results from the effect of water filled pore space and applied C:N ratios studies will suggest mitigation strategies for greenhouse gases that can be further tested at the field scale. Recommendations will be provided in the peer reviewed publications.
Laura Cardenas is part of the greenhouse gas platform that Defra has funded, and is regularly invited to give oral presentations to various audiences; including policy people, farmers and industry in general and these will provide opportunities to communicate the findings of this project.
Wider community:
A web page on the institute's web site will provide information on the project and its results.
A presentation in the school's science week at North Wyke will be carried out in the second year of the project.
Scientific community:
This research will inform scientists working in similar areas of research by providing understanding of the processes and N pools utilisation originating gaseous emissions from agricultural soils. It will provide tools for expanding the knowledge and understanding of soil processes by the use of a combination of experimental techniques and models at the soil core scale. This project will directly impact our national collaborators, Dr. Catherine Watson from AFBI in Northern Ireland by providing data for ring testing of the gaseous emissions and isotope data and our international collaborators Prof. Christoph Müller from University Giessen in Germany and Reinhard Well from the Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute in Germany on the application of their models and isotopomers data to aid interpretation of the results. It will also provide the opportunity to continue to improve the Pore-Cor model with the University of Plymouth and to gain understanding of the effect of the proximity of pools to microbes on emissions.
Current national (Prof. G.P. Matthews in Plymouth) and international collaborations (with Prof. A. Vallejo from the Polytechnic University of Madrid, Dr. M. Alfaro from INIA in Chile and Prof. Reinhard Well in Germany) will be maintained and new ones developed (Dr. C. Watson from AFBI and Prof. C.Müller in Germany) and during this project to raise awareness of this project beyond Rothamsted Research. This will be done in combination with Laura's role within the ISPG and the Defra greenhouse gas platform within which she has an important role (Defra projects AC0112, AC0114, AC0116, web site: http://www.ghgplatform.org.uk/
As a multidisciplinary study, this project is an opportunity for the various expertises to influence the outcome to the best of their knowledge. The project team will benefit in the combined use of experiments and models increasing their skills in mechanistic studies. Experiments will be presented at the institute's yearly tour of experiments to colleagues from Rothamsted Research.
Attendance to two International conferences will help disseminate results from the project as well as generate interest for future work. The Nitrogen Workshop which gathers researchers mostly from Europe on nitrogen. The EGU, which covers a wider range of subject areas and although it is an European meeting, it is also attended by researchers from outside Europe.
Policy community:
The results from the effect of water filled pore space and applied C:N ratios studies will suggest mitigation strategies for greenhouse gases that can be further tested at the field scale. Recommendations will be provided in the peer reviewed publications.
Laura Cardenas is part of the greenhouse gas platform that Defra has funded, and is regularly invited to give oral presentations to various audiences; including policy people, farmers and industry in general and these will provide opportunities to communicate the findings of this project.
Wider community:
A web page on the institute's web site will provide information on the project and its results.
A presentation in the school's science week at North Wyke will be carried out in the second year of the project.
Organisations
- Rothamsted Research (Lead Research Organisation)
- Natural Environment Research Council (Co-funder)
- University of Navarra (Collaboration)
- University of Mabegondo, Galicia (Collaboration)
- University of Lisbon (Collaboration)
- INIA Uruguay (Collaboration)
- Technical University of Madrid (Collaboration)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (Collaboration)
- Institute of Agricultural and Fishing Research and Training (Collaboration)
- AGRI-FOOD AND BIOSCIENCES INSTITUTE (Collaboration)
Publications
Zhang Y
(2018)
Land-use type affects N2O production pathways in subtropical acidic soils.
in Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
Ciganda V
(2018)
Soil nitrous oxide emissions from grassland: Potential inhibitor effect of hippuric acid
in Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Castellano-Hinojosa A
(2019)
Improved isotopic model based on 15 N tracing and Rayleigh-type isotope fractionation for simulating differential sources of N 2 O emissions in a clay grassland soil
in Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
Pezzolla D
(2019)
Responses of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus to two consecutive drying-rewetting cycles in soils
in Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Zhang Y
(2019)
Land-use type affects nitrate production and consumption pathways in subtropical acidic soils
in Geoderma
Wu D
(2019)
Quantifying N2O reduction to N2 during denitrification in soils via isotopic mapping approach: Model evaluation and uncertainty analysis.
in Environmental research
Sha Z
(2020)
Nitrogen stabilizers mitigate reactive N and greenhouse gas emissions from an arable soil in North China Plain: Field and laboratory investigation
in Journal of Cleaner Production
Barrat H
(2020)
The impact of drought and rewetting on N 2 O emissions from soil in temperate and Mediterranean climates
in European Journal of Soil Science
López-Aizpún M
(2020)
Meta-analysis of global livestock urine-derived nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils.
in Global change biology
Zhang Y
(2020)
The amount, but not the proportion, of N 2 fixation and transfers to neighboring plants varies across grassland soils
in Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Loick N
(2021)
Application of a triple 15N tracing technique to elucidate N transformations in a UK grassland soil
in Geoderma
Barrat H
(2021)
N 2 O hot moments were not driven by changes in nitrogen and carbon substrates or changes in N cycling functional genes
in European Journal of Soil Science
Ma Y
(2021)
The short-lived inhibitory effect of Brachiaria humidicola on nitrous oxide emissions following sheep urine application in a highly nitrifying soil
in Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Reay M
(2023)
Moisture effects on microbial protein biosynthesis from ammonium and nitrate in an unfertilised grassland
in Soil Biology and Biochemistry
| Description | We studied extensively the use of nitrogen (N) pools in soils during this project. Using the gas-flow-soil-core method, combined with 15N labelled isotopic techniques that in a UK grassland soil under high soil moisture after the application of nitrate and glucose to support denitrification, a reductive process, nitric oxide (NO) was up 0.67% of the added N (Loick et al., 2016), normally considered a product of nitrification, an oxidative process. We determined that 85% of the emitted N2O came from the added N and 15% from the soil N under high moisture conditions. Barrett et al. (2015) found a good correlation between abundance of denitrifier genes and nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen gas (N2) fluxes. Glucose-C amendment favoured partial denitrification (more N2O), whilst dissolved organic carbon (DOC) amendment, resulted in complete denitrification (N2 emissions). We showed that fungal denitrification can be an important source of N2O emissions and generally, under high denitrification potential conditions, nitrification inhibitors can be effective in decreasing these losses. We assessed mitigation strategies for N2O emissions: acidifying and adding a nitrification inhibitor to slurry caused a reduction in emissions (Owusu-Twum et al., 2017). The presence of cover crops increased N2O losses during the intercropping period, but the effect was low over the whole cropping cycle. The use of nonlegume and legume cover crops combined with integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) could be considered an efficient practice from both environmental and agronomic points of view (Guardia et al., 2016). Also, adding straw with N-fertiliser caused an increased effect at basal fertilisation and a decrease in top-dressing on N2O emissions showing interaction between N sources that needs to be considered when deciding N requirements in a crop (Xu et al., 2019). In tropical grazed land, we found that adequate vegetative cover was a positive factor to reduce emissions. In an upland grazed temperate climate soil nitrification rates were low due to low pH suggesting change in EF splitting upland vs lowland soils should be considered in the UK GHG inventory. On grazed grassland, we found from a global meta-analysis (Lopez et al., 2020) that mean air temperature, soil pH and ruminant animal species (sheep or cow) were significant factors influencing N2O EFs. However, several factors that are known to influence N2O emissions, such as animal diet and urine composition, could not be considered due to the lack of reported data, so we provided recommendations for the type of data that needs to be included in studies. We established that historical soil management influences the transformations occurring in N cycling. Using a combination of a high-tech 15N stable isotope tracing technique with quantitative PCR (qPCR) we found on a sandy-loam soil that had been fertilised for 3 years with ammonium that nitrification (autotrophic and heterotrophic) vs denitrification as sources of N2O were 49.0-58.0% and 42.0-51.0%, respectively (Castellano et al., 2020). When the soil had been fertilised with nitrate 84.0-99.0% of N2O came from denitrification. Soil moisture affected the portioning of the sources of N2O: heterotrophic nitrification (organic N oxidation to nitrate) was an important source at 55% water filled pore space (WFPS), whilst autotrophic nitrification (oxidation of ammonium to nitrate) was more important at 70% WFPS. Denitrification was dominant at 85% WFPS (Loick et al., 2021). We found in sub-tropical climate that heterotrophic nitrification was a major source of nitrate in forest soils and DNRA a major sink, whereas autotrophic nitrification was a dominant source in cropped soils. From published studies, we concluded that historical soil moisture and the degree to which soil is rewetted after drought are significant factors on N2O emissions (Barrat et al., 2020). The effect of rewetting on N, C and P cycling demonstrated that microbial biomass carbon was resilient to drought whilst microbial biomass phosphorus developed this resilience later (Pezzola et al., 2019). Our studies on spatial variability of emissions showed that localised higher N concentrations (hot spots), caused a decrease in NO emissions and resulted in a delay in N2O and N2 emissions, suggesting that the plant could take up N, decreasing losses (Loick et al., 2017). In two spatial field studies, we determined that under extensive management soil nitrate content and type of vegetation were significantly affecting emissions; whilst under intensive management it was soil moisture and bulk density that were driving factors (Charteris et al., 2021). |
| Exploitation Route | The results and experimental developments from this project have resulted not only in multiple publications, but also collaborations that included training of many students, at PhD and master's level; also visiting researchers from universities and institutes from different parts of the world. These individuals have gone to jobs, where they are developing their own research, and have invited members of this project team to contribute to project proposals, for example in Denmark, Chile, etc. They have also given the stepping stone to the development of a new gas incubation system that is being constructed under our ISP funded by BBSRC Soils to Nutrition and that includes the plant. The methods developed in this project will be applied in the new system to investigate the utilisation of N pools in the whole plant/soil system. |
| Sectors | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Environment |
| Description | The outcomes from this project have contributed to various presentations to industry and policy. At the 2019 International Fertiliser Society conference, the work on the use of nitrification inhibitors in agriculture was presented. Influence on policy has occurred via the inventory of greenhouse gases; we have influenced National and International policy through changes on the inventory of greenhouse gases that was approved by an UNFCCC panel. We have also contributed to climate change policy in a Policy Brief which recommends mitigation options for policy makers and as a member of the Task Force for Devon, now the Climate Task Force after the launch of the Devon carbon plan, which developed measures for local government to implement to achieve Net Zero Carbon. We tested some new potential inhibitors of nitrification from funding provided by New Zealand and have been involved in various workshops to discuss mitigation of emissions, the use of natural (or biological) nitrification inhibitors, and from results of these short projects and workshops we have applied to various funding, mainly BBSRC and NERC. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2020 |
| Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Environment |
| Impact Types | Societal,Economic,Policy & public services |
| Description | Revision of emission factors for the greenhouse gas inventory in the UK |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
| Impact | The UK is an Annex I country for the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions to the United Framework Convention for Climate change. As such, the UK is committed to reducing its emissions according to International Agreements (for ex. the Kyoto protocol). The development of new Emission Factors for agriculture has a impact not only on the accounting of national emissions, but also on the application of mitigation strategies from the understanding on where the emissions come from, also to show compliance with the international demands for reduction. |
| Description | GPLER Discovery of new nitrification inhibitors to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions in grazed pastures |
| Amount | $25,500 (NZD) |
| Organisation | Global Partnerships in Livestock Emissions Research |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Start | 07/2018 |
| End | 06/2019 |
| Description | STARS Centre for Doctoral Training-Harry Barrat |
| Amount | £50,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/M009106/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2017 |
| End | 03/2021 |
| Description | Soils to Nutrition, S2N as a Co-I |
| Amount | £8,500,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | S2N ISPG |
| Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 04/2017 |
| End | 03/2022 |
| Title | Continuous measurements of labelled 15N-N2O from incubated soil cores |
| Description | We have developed the laboratory incubation system at RRES North Wyke to link to a Mass Spectrometer to which gas samples are continuously sent for analysis. The system is automated and samples are sent via computer controlled valves to the mass spec. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2014 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | We can now determine the source of N2O from soil, and assess the contribution from soil N and added N (as fertiliser) |
| Title | Soil analysis of 15N in nitrate, nitrite and ammonium |
| Description | We are now able to measure the enrichment of soil samples in various N forms, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2014 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | With this technique and the measurements of 15N2O we can apportion the distribution of N in soil and estimate rates of transformations; nitrification, denitrification, mineral;isation, immobilisation |
| Title | Gaseous emissions from incubated soils |
| Description | High temporal resolution datasets of emissions of NO, N2O, N2 and CO2 as well as isotopomers of N2O have been produced as a result of this project, available for modelling purposes. Also soils data. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2014 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Datasets have been provided for modelling purposes resulting in at least 2 publications: Wu Di et al., 2016, N2O source partitioning in soils using 15N site preference values corrected for the N2O reduction effect, RCMS 30, 620-626; Lewicka-Szczebak et al., 2015, Isotope fractionation factors controlling isotopocule signatures of soil-emitted N2O produced by denitrification processes of various rates. |
| Title | New emission factors for nitrous oxide and methane emissions from agriculture in the UK |
| Description | From a large programme of research, we have developed new emission factors for nitrous oxide emissions from soils and manure; methane emissions from livestock and manures. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2017 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The data has been included in the inventory of greenhouse gases from the UK to estimate emissions |
| URL | http://www.environmentdata.org/archive/ghgno:676 |
| Description | Collaboration with research group in Galicia, Spain |
| Organisation | University of Mabegondo, Galicia |
| Country | Spain |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | A PhD student Miss Claudia Gilsanz has visited for 3 months to get training in the lab and develop a complementary technique for analysis or microbial biomass in our laboratory experiments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The student has received training in laboratory techniques, and learnt background theory in isotopes as well as learnt to run samples in a Mass spectrometer. We have benefited through her implementation of laboratory techniques to measure microbial biomass in soils. Their contribution in kind amounts to 4500 euros. |
| Impact | A new protocol for our laboratory has been developed for measuring microbial biomass in soils. the visiting student is a chemist complementing well the project postdoc background as a microbiologist. |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Collaboration with research group in Madrid, Spain |
| Organisation | Technical University of Madrid |
| Country | Spain |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We have provided training to a post doc from the Spanish university Dr. Diego Abalos on isotopes and laboratory measurements of gases. We have also introduced the concept of modelling to the same postdoc. Both the project postdoc (Nadine Loick) and visiting postdoc attended a modelling course; Mathematical Modelling for Biologists Summer School; in the University of Nottingham, UK on 14-17/07/2014. We also had a 2 weeks visit from the head of the group in Madrid, Prof. Antonio Vallejo who has contributed to the project and publications (in press and in preparation). |
| Collaborator Contribution | The Spanish postdoc visited our lab and spent 3 months working alongside us. In addition to contributing to the deployment of the experiments he and his supervisor in Madrid are contributing to the preparation of at least 2 manuscripts for publication. His Professor Antonio Vallejo also visited for 10 days to discuss results and paper writing. Both their contributions in kind amounts to a total of 16,000 euros. |
| Impact | Outcomes: active participation in experiments with preparation of 2 manuscripts for publication. The collaboration includes experts in agronomy, soils, microbiology, isotopes, atmospheric chemistry. |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Collaboration with research group in Northern Ireland |
| Organisation | Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | A two-day visit to the AFBI lab in Northern Ireland and discussion over a laboratory intercomparison of techniques was carried out. This visit also included training in the preparation of standards for isotope measurements. Collaboration includes Dr. Catherine Watson, Dr. Karen McGeough |
| Collaborator Contribution | They provided us with training and are contributing to manuscript writing and publication. Their contribution in kind amounts to £2,000. |
| Impact | Outcome: staff training in Northern Ireland on development of isotope measurements at North Wyke |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Continue research into Isotopocules of Nitrous Oxide |
| Organisation | Julich Research Centre |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We have collected gas samples from the incubations and the results of the analyses of the isotopocules have been discussed with other researchers in Germany. Data are also been used to validate models. Publications are been produced from this data (Wu Di et al., 2016). |
| Collaborator Contribution | Dr. Roland Bol Helped with the interpretation of the results from the isotopocule data and write up in paper. |
| Impact | Wu Di et al., 2016: N2O source partitioning in soils using 15N site preference values corrected for the N2O reduction effect, RCMS 30, 620-626 |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Sustainability of environmental and agronomic practices |
| Organisation | University of Lisbon |
| Country | Portugal |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We have provided training to a PhD student from Lisbon University Mr Maxwell Owusu-Twum in measurements of emissions in the laboratory. The student also carried out an experiment to assess mitigation options for N2O emissions for which he received assistance from both the PI and post doc from the project (Laura Cardenas and Nadine Loick). This collaboration will be part of the student's PhD thesis and will result in a publication. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The student is preparing a manuscript for publication from his experiment to which both PI and post doc from the project (Laura Cardenas and Nadine Loick) will be coauthors. |
| Impact | Publication in preparation |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Use of isotopes to study N transformations |
| Organisation | INIA Uruguay |
| Country | Uruguay |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Training of a Visiting Research Worker Dr. Veronica Ciganda from INIA in isotopes and gas measurements. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Partner will contribute to manuscripts, abstract to conference submitted |
| Impact | Manuscript in preparation |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Use of isotopes to study N transformations |
| Organisation | Institute of Agricultural and Fishing Research and Training |
| Country | Spain |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Training of the postdoc Dr. Miguel Angel Repullo, in isotopes and gas measurements in the lab. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Contribution to manuscript in preparation |
| Impact | Manuscript in preparation and abstract submitted to conference |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Use of isotopes to trace N transformations |
| Organisation | University of Navarra |
| Country | Spain |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We have provided training to a PhD student Miss Maria Lopez in isotopes and gas measurements in laboratory incubations. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Partners will contribute to the publications arising from this project |
| Impact | Publication in preparation, abstract to a conference |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | Use of isotopomers for source identification |
| Organisation | Julich Research Centre |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We have provided training to a PhD student from Julich Mr Wu Di on isotopes and laboratory measurements of gases. We have also contributed to a publication that comprises datasets from our laboratory incubations (Di Wu et al, RCMS, 2016) |
| Collaborator Contribution | Publication was achieved before the student visit to North Wyke |
| Impact | N2O source partitioning in soils using 15N site preference values corrected for the N2O reduction effect by Wu et al, in Comm. Mass spec. I press |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | 3rd Conference of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Animal Agriculture Production Systems of Latin America (GALA 2017) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | This conference gathers researchers in Latin America working on greenhouse gases and agriculture. Laura Cardenas gave 2 presentations: 'N2O emissions pathways from soils under grazing'; 'What and How' during the conference that took place in October 4th to 6th, 2017 in Colonia, Uruguay |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | AAB Conference on Sustainable Intensification, Harpenden, 28-30 November |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Charteris, A., Loick, N., Marsden, K., Chadwick, D., Mead, A., Cardenas. L. (2017) Using factorial laboratory incubation experiments to develop simple indicators of greenhouse gas fluxe |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Conference of Global DNDC Network |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of the paper: Jagadeesh B. Yeluripati, Agustin del Prado, Bob Rees, Changsheng Li, Dave Chadwick, Emma Tilston, Kairsty Topp, Laura Cardenas, Pete Ingraham, Sarah Gilhespy, Steven Anthony, Sylvia H. Vetter, Tom Misselbrook, William Salas and Pete Smith. Global Research Alliance Modelling Platform (GRAMP): An open web platform for modelling greenhouse gas emissions from terrestrial ecosystems at the 2013 Conference of Global DNDC Network with a DNDC Training Workshop (dndc2013), Beijing, 14/9/13 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | European Geophysical Union 2013 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Boon, A., Robinson, J.S., Cardenas, L.C., Chadwick, D., Verhoef, A. Subsurface concentrations and surface emissions of greenhouse gases from a seasonally waterlogged peatland in the UK at the EGU Vienna, May 2013 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 (EGU) - Vienna, 23rd-28th April 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Presentation on paper: Charteris, Loick, Marsden, Chadwick, Whelan, Rao-Ravella, Mead, Cardenas. Laboratory incubation experiments assessing the factor interactions affecting urine-derived nitrous oxide emissions from spatially and temporally variable upland pastures |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 (EGU) - Vienna, 23rd-28th April 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Presentation on paper: Loick, Dixon, Repullo, Ciganda, Lopez-Aizpun, Matthews, Mueller, Cardenas. Using the Triple Labelling Technique to apportion N2O Emissions to Nitrification and Denitrification from different Nitrogen Sources at different Water-Filled-Pore-Spaces |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Global Farm Platform Conference (2016) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Dunn et al, Greenhouse gas emissions from a reseeded grassland on the North Wyke Farm Platform, at the GFP conference in Bristol 2016. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Global Farm Platform conference, 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Harris et al, Data Mining the North Wyke Farm Platform Data Sets, at the GFP conference in Bristol 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Global Farm Platform conference, 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Cardenas et al., Grazing behaviour, urine composition and soil properties are key drivers of nitrous oxide emissions from livestock urine in the uplands (Uplands-N2O) at the GFP, Bristol, January 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture conference 2013 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Cardenas, L.M., Donovan, N., Hodgson, C., Norris, S., Murray, R., Cancer-Berroya, E., Misselbrook, T., Chadwick, D. Effect of DCD and season of application on N2O emissions from urine patches at the GGAA conference, Dublin, 2013 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture conference 2013 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Datta, A., Fitton, N., Topp, K., Cloy, J., Rees, B., Williams, J., Thorman, R., Smith, K., Cardenas, L., Smith, P. Simulation of N2O emission from cropland using DailyDAYCENT at the GGAA conference in Dublin, 2013 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture conference 2013 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Yeluripati, J., Li, C., Chadwick, D., Tilston, E., Topp, K., Cardenas, L., Gilhespy, S., Anthony, S., Salas, W., Smith, P. Global Research Alliance Modelling Platform (GRAMP) - developing a unified modelling approach in the context of climate change at the GGAA conference Dublin, 2013 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture conference 2013 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Cardenas, L.M., Misselbrook, T., Donovan, N., Norris, S., Murray, R., Hodgson, C., Cancer-Berroya, E., Chadwick, D. How do N2O fluxes determined using five static closed chambers and an auto-sampler compare? at the GGAA conference in Dublin, 2013 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture conference 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: L.M. Cardenas, G.P. Matthews, A.S. Gregory, W.R. Whalley, N.R.A. Bird, T. Misselbrook, G.M. Laudone, M.S.Dhanoa and D. Scholefield; Effect of compaction on nitrous oxide and nitrogen emissions from UK soils (Presented by Tom Misselbrook) at the GGAA conference, Melbourne |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture conference 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: D.R. Chadwick, L. M. Cardenas, N. Donovan, T. Misselbrook, J. Williams, R. Thorman, K. McGeough, C. Watson, M. Belle, S. Anthony, R.M. Rees. Nitrous oxide emissions from livestock urine and dung at the GGAA conference 14-18 Feb 2016, Melbourne. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at AGU Fall meeting 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of the paper: Rees, Misselbrook, Cardenas, Topp, Watson, Williams, Dragosits, Carnell, Skiba, Manning, Chadwick, Improving Nitrous Oxide Reporting in Agricultural Inventories of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A UK Case Study at AGU Fall meeting. San Francisco 12-16 December 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at AGU Fall meeting 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Di, Cárdenas, Calvet Sanz, Brüggemann, Loick, Liu, Bol. The impact of nitrification inhibitor DMPP on N2O, NO and N2 emissions at different soil moisture conditions in grassland soil at the AGU Fall meeting. San Francisco 12-16 December 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at AGU Fall meeting 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of the paper: Carnell, Meneguz, Skiba, Misselbrook, Cardenas, Arnold, Manning and Dragosits. "Verifying the UK agricultural N2O emission inventory with tall tower measurements" at AGU Fall meeting. San Francisco 12-16 December 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at SSSA workshop 2014 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: L. M. Cardenas, D.R . Chadwick, T. H. Misselbrook, N. Donovan, K. A. Smith, R. M. Rees , M. Bell, C . J . Watson , K. L. McGeough, G. McNeill, R. Williams, J. M. Cloy , R. E. Thorman, M. S. Dhanoa. Case study: grasslands/arable - issues and solutions, research networks at the SSSA meeting: Annual Meeting Grand Challenges-Great Solutions November 2-5, 2014 Long Beach, CA |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Presentation at a workshop: Reusewaste 2014 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | An invited presentation to the workshop for the EU funded project Reusewaste in Lisbon by Loick: The DENitrification Incubation System (DENIS) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| URL | http://www.reusewaste.eu/reusewaste-news/newsletter/?newsletter=2631 |
| Description | Presentation at the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Ireland |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: L.M. Cardenas, D. Scholefield, D. Hatch, D. Jhurreea, I. Clark, P. Hirsch, F. Salazar, S. Rao-ravella, M. Alfaro, Potential for N2O emissions from volcanic grassland soils at the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop 26-29 June 2012, Ireland |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Presentation at the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Ireland |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: -Alfaro, M., Cardenas, L., Hube, S., Salazar, F., Rosas, A., Ramírez, L. 2012. Desnitrificación de nitrógeno en suelos volcánicos. En: Libro de Resúmenes del XXXVII Congreso de la Sociedad Chilena de Producción Animal. Ortega, F. (ed), 24 al 26 de Octubre, Termas de Catillo. Pp:141-142 at the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop 26-29 June 2012, Ireland |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Presentation at the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Ireland |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Alfaro, M., Cárdenas, L., Salazar, F., Rosas, A., Vistoso, E., Hube, S., Ramírez L., Nitrogen dynamics in volcanic ash soils with high soil organic matter content at the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop 26-29 June 2012, Ireland |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Presentation at the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Ireland |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Chadwick, D., Olave, R., Laughlin, R., Cardenas, L., Williams, J., Skiba, U., Rees, R., Buckingham, S., Topp, K. and Anthony, S. Methodology for the selection of sites and treatments to generate new N O emission factors and model validation in the UK: the prioritisation phase of the InveN2Ory project at the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop 26-29 June 2012, Ireland |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Presentation at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Lisbon |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Cardenas L, Camp, V, Donovan, N, Hodgson, C, Misselbrook, T, McGeough, K, McNeill, G, Laughlin, R, Watson, C, Bell, M, Rees, B, Chadwick, D. IMPACT OF A NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR (DCD) ON N2O EMISSIONS FROM URINE APPLIED TO A UK GRASSLAND at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2014, Lisbon |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Presentation at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Lisbon |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Gilhespy, S., S. G. Anthony, L.M. Cardenas, D.R. Chadwick, A. del Prado, C. Li, T.H. Misselbrook, R. Rees, W. Salas, A. Sanz-Cobena, P. Smith, E. L. Tilston, K. Topp, S.H. Vetter & Yeluripati, J. First 20 years of DNDC: Model evolution and GRAMP. at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2014, Lisbon |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Presentation at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Lisbon |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Rees, RM, Cloy JM, Bell M, Watson CJ, McGeough KL, Cardenas L, Williams J, Chadwick D. Nitrous oxide emissions from UK grasslands - measurements and mitigation at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2014, Lisbon |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Presentation at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Lisbon |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Bell MJ, Winning N, Rees RM, Cloy JM, Cardenas L, Williams J, Chadwick D. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM FERTILISED UK ARABLE SOILS: QUANTIFICATION AND MITIGATION at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2014, Lisbon |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Presentation at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Lisbon |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Loick, N., Dixon, L., Well, R., Matthews, P., Cardenas, L. EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCE ON NITRIC OXIDE AND NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM A UK GRASSLAND SOIL at the 18th International Nitrogen Workshop 2014, Lisbon |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Presentation at the 19th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Sweden |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Loick, N., Dixon, E.R., Angel-Repullo, M., Ciganda, V., Lopez-Aizpun, M., Matthews G.P., Mueller, C., Cardenas, L.M., THE INFLUENCE OF WATER-FILLED-PORESPACE (WFPS) ON THE APPORTIONING OF N2O EMISSIONS TO NITRIFOCATION OR DENITRIFICATION at the 19th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Sweden |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the 19th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Sweden |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Rachel E. Thorman, Roger Sylvester-Bradley, Kate E. Smith, Daniel R. Kindred, Sarah C. Wynn, Robert M. Rees, Kairsty F. E. Topp, Valentini A. Pappa, Nigel D. Mortimer, Tom H. Misselbrook, Sarah L. Gilhespy, Laura M. Cardenas, Gail Bennett, Steve Malkin and Daniel G. Munro, A NEW APPROACH TO ESTIMATE NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM ARABLE CROPS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM? at the 19th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Sweden |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the 19th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Sweden |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: V. S. CIGANDA, M. LOPEZ, M. REPULLO, T. CLOUGH, L. CARDENAS, POTENTIAL INHIBITOR EFFECT OF HIPPURIC ACID ON NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM GRASSLAND ON A HEAVY CLAY SOIL at the 19th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Sweden |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the 19th International Nitrogen workshop 2016, Sweden |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Cardenas, Balzter, Holmberg, Jones, King, Lush, Marsden, Perotto, Whellan, Wilson, Chadwick, GRAZING BEHAVIOUR, URINE COMPOSITION AND SOIL PROPERTIES ARE KEY DRIVERS OF NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONSFROM LIVESTOCK URINE IN THE UPLANDS (UPLANDS-N2O) at the 19th International Nitrogen Workshop 2016, Sweden. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the EGU Vienna, April 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Reinhard Well, Laura Cardenas, Roland Bol, Isotopomer mapping: a new approach to determine N2O production pathways and N2O reduction at the EGU Vienna, April 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the EGU Vienna, April 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Ed Carnell, Elena Meneguz, Ute Skiba, Tom Misselbrook, Laura Cardenas, Tim Arnold, Alistair Manning, and Ulli Dragosits, Verifying the UK N2O emission inventory with tall tower measurements at the EGU Vienna, April 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the EGU Vienna, April 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of the paper: Laura Cardenas, Nadine Loick, Liz Dixon, Peter Matthews, Claudia Gilsanz, Roland Bol, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, and Reinhard Well, Elucidating the impact of nitrate and labile carbon application on spatial heterogeneity of denitrification by 15N modelling at the EGU Vienna, April 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the EGU Vienna, May 2015 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Rees, RM, Cloy JM, Bell MJ, Watson CJ, McGeough KL, Cardenas L, Williams JR, Chadwick DR. Nitrous oxide emissions from UK grasslands - measurements and mitigation. Crop-Livestock-Forest systems conference in Brazil. ORAL PRESENTATION by Bob Rees at EGU 2015. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | Presentation at the EGU Vienna, May 2015 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Denitrification as a Source of NO Emissions using Isotope Techniques. Laura Cardenas, Nadine Loick, Diego Abalos, Liz Dixon, Antonio Vallejo, Catherine Watson, Karen McGeough, Reinhard Well, and Peter Matthews. ORAL PRESENTATION by L. Cardenas at EGU 2015 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the EGU Vienna, May 2015 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Nadine Loick, Liz Dixon, Diego Abalos, Antonio Vallejo, Catherine Watson, Karen McGeough, Peter Matthews, and Laura Cardenas. ORAL PRESENTATION by N. Loick at EGU 2015 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the EGU Vienna, May 2015 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: L. M. Cardenas, D.R . Chadwick, T. H. Misselbrook, N. Donovan, R. Dunn, B. Griffith, R.J. Orr, K. A. Smith, R. M. Rees , M. Bell, C. J. Watson , K. L. McGeough, G. McNeill, J.R. Williams, J. M. Cloy , R. E. Thorman, M. S. Dhanoa. Heterogeneity of gaseous emissions in soils-spatial vs temporal variability. POSTER PRESENTATION at EGU 2015. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | Presentation at the European Grassland Federation meeting 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper; L.M. Cardenas, R.M. Dunn, T.H. Misselbrook, P. Harris, F. Broccolo, R.J. Orr and M.R.F. Lee. The North Wyke Farm Platform: the impact of ploughing, cultivation and reseeding on emissions of CO2 and N2O at the EGF meeting: "The Multiple Roles of Grassland in the European Bioeconomy", Norway 4-8 September 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the International Nitrogen Initiative meeting 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: García-Marco, Guardia, Cardenas, Dixon, Repullo and Vallejo. DMPSA application reduces N2O emissions from exogenous NH4+ and NO3- sources in a maize-irrigated crop, at the 7th International Nitrogen initiative conference, INI, Melbourne, Australia, 4-8 December 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the International Symposium on Isotopomers, 2012 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Reinhard Well, Laura Cardenas, Peter Matthews, Tom Misselbrook, Roland Bol, Richard Whalley, Andy Gregory. : ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION FACTORS CONTROLLING ISOTOPOLOGUE SIGNATURES OF SOIL-EMITTED N2O PRODUCED BY DENITRIFICATION PROCESSES OF VARIOUS RATES. International Symposium on Isotopomers: ISI 2012, Washington, USA; 07/2012. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Presentation at the Italian society of agronomy (SICA), Italy, 2016 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Cardenas, L., Misselbrook, T., Chadwick, D. "Nitrous oxide emissions, from mechanistic understanding to the agriculture inventory in the UK" at the Annual Congress of the Italian society of agronomy (SICA), Perugia, Italy, 2016 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Presentation at the JESIUM conference 2012 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Reinhard Well, Laura Cardenas, Peter Matthews, Roland Bol, Lena Rohe: ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SOIL DENITRIFICATION. Joint European Stable Isotope Users Group Meeting: JESIUM 2012, Leipzig, Germany; 09/2012. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Research Partnership Building Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Workshop held from 8th-10th Febraury 2017 at the ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) Campus in Nairobi, Kenya (BecA [Biosciences eastern and central Africa] is also based on the campus and it is also referred to as the BecA-ILRI Hub) There were attendees from: - ILRI - The Mazingira Centre - CIAT - CIMMYT - IITA - CTLHG - The Roslin Institute - University of Cambridge - Kenyatta University - Bahir Dar University |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | SICA conference 2012 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Daniela Pezzolla, Roland Bol, Giovanni Gigliotti, Takuji Sawamoto, Aranzazu Louro López, Laura Cardenas, David Chadwick, Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils amended with digestate derived from anaerobic treatment of food waste. 2012- XXX Convegno Nazionale della Società Italiana di Chimica Agraria. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | SfAM Early Career Scientists (PECS) 2015 Research Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Presentation in the SfAM Early Career Scientists (PECS) 2015 Research Conference; Charlotte Marshall won best presentation |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | Soil Carbon Sequestration Conference in Iceland: |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: Arindam Datta, Nuala Fitton, Kairsty Topp, Joanna Cloy, Bob Rees, Laura Cardenas, John Williams, Kate Smith, Pete Smith. Estimation of Uncertainty in the DailyDAYCENT Model: Experiment with UK Cropland at the Soil Carbon Sequestration Conference in Iceland, 2013 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Sustainable Intensification Conference, Harpenden, 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: - Loick, Dixon, Repullo, Ciganda, Lopez-Aizpun, Matthews, Mueller, Cardenas. Using the Triple Labelling Technique to apportion N2O Emissions to Nitrification and Denitrification from different Nitrogen Sources at different Water-Filled-Pore-Spaces |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Sustainable Intensification Conference, Harpenden, 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation at the SI conference of the paper: - Loick, Dunn, Griffith, Cardenas. Using CO2 and N2O emissions as indicators of nutrient cycling and environmental impacts of different farm managements on the Farm Platform |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Sustainable Intensification Conference, Harpenden, 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation of paper: - Cardenas, Takahashi, Harris, Mead, Lee. Redefining sustainability: novel metrics to evaluate farming systems based on the dynamic flow of nutrients |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |