ANIHWA CALL1:Improved Understanding of Epidemiology of PPR (IUEPPR)
Lead Research Organisation:
Royal Veterinary College
Department Name: Pathology and Pathogen Biology
Abstract
Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
Technical Summary
PPR is an economically important disease, especially affecting the household economy of the poorest people, affecting mainly domestic sheep and goats in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Its causative agent is a Morbillivirus closely related to rinderpest virus (RPV).
In RPV eradication, wildlife proved to be prime sentinels after the initiation of the continental vaccination programme and the use of a similar strategy for PPRV requires the preliminary identification of wildlife sentinels and of the habitats and season of wildlife-livestock interface. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial N and F genes of circulating PPRV allows for them to be grouped into 4 lineages. However, full genome analysis by new generation sequencing (NGS) may provide more in-depth molecular epidemiological information, and insights into the evolution and spread of PPRV. It has already revealed the increasing prominence of PPRV Asian lineage IV affecting domestic species (including camels) in Africa (Kwiatek, 2011; Khalafalla et al., 2010), and in wildlife in Asia (Abubakar et al., 2011). High mortality observed in these outbreaks suggests a change in PPRV pathogenicity. Diagnostic tools for PPR surveillance exist but they are not able to detect field infection rapidly, precluding rapid control and rapid field tests, such as Lateral Flow Devices and Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), need to be developed and validated. Research is urgently needed to clarify the epidemiology of PPR in wildlife species and populations (Munir, 2013), including genomic, virulence and field eco-epidemiological studies, crucial to establish an efficient and effective control strategy for PPRV. Through this project, data will be collected on the epidemiology and risk factors related to PPR infected livestock and wildlife in study locations and from experimental infections. Using these data SEIR and diffusion models and high resolution transmission trees will be developed.
In RPV eradication, wildlife proved to be prime sentinels after the initiation of the continental vaccination programme and the use of a similar strategy for PPRV requires the preliminary identification of wildlife sentinels and of the habitats and season of wildlife-livestock interface. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial N and F genes of circulating PPRV allows for them to be grouped into 4 lineages. However, full genome analysis by new generation sequencing (NGS) may provide more in-depth molecular epidemiological information, and insights into the evolution and spread of PPRV. It has already revealed the increasing prominence of PPRV Asian lineage IV affecting domestic species (including camels) in Africa (Kwiatek, 2011; Khalafalla et al., 2010), and in wildlife in Asia (Abubakar et al., 2011). High mortality observed in these outbreaks suggests a change in PPRV pathogenicity. Diagnostic tools for PPR surveillance exist but they are not able to detect field infection rapidly, precluding rapid control and rapid field tests, such as Lateral Flow Devices and Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), need to be developed and validated. Research is urgently needed to clarify the epidemiology of PPR in wildlife species and populations (Munir, 2013), including genomic, virulence and field eco-epidemiological studies, crucial to establish an efficient and effective control strategy for PPRV. Through this project, data will be collected on the epidemiology and risk factors related to PPR infected livestock and wildlife in study locations and from experimental infections. Using these data SEIR and diffusion models and high resolution transmission trees will be developed.
Planned Impact
This project aims to a) improve knowledge of PPR epidemiology and virology; b) develop risk models for further local spread from endemic foci and specifically risk of spread of the disease into Europe; c) provide the scientific basis for designing optimal control strategies for PPR; d) develop and validate cost effective rapid diagnostic and surveillance methods. All partners within the consortium have the responsibility to ensure dissemination of project results, knowledge and expertise. Stakeholders within the region will be engaged using established networks of OIE, FAO, and AU-IBAR where relevant. The intellectual property that might be generated in this project includes: a) SEIR and diffusion models and risk analysis of PPRv transmission and emergence at the wildlife livestock interface; b) unique complete genome sequence collection; optimised methods for deep sequencing for PPRv; and established nucleotide substitution rate for PPRv and molecular basis of in vitro attenuation established. A series of local focal workshops will be held in study countries with beneficiaries, key policy makers in livestock wildlife development and animal health system delivery. Predictive mapping will be used to illustrate potential areas of disease introduction and spread within the region. Communication of research methods to academic beneficiaries will occur through grant acknowledged, peer-reviewed accessible publications and the presentation of findings at scientific conferences and seminars. Copyrights, biological resources transferred by Material Transfer Agreement or other, as well as project gained knowledge will be managed and protected according to a Consortium Agreement (CA). This CA will be drafted according with the specific guidelines for the CA of ANIHWA ERANET. In the CA, access rights to results and pre-existing know-how will be defined. Research outputs from the project with potential commercial impact shall be protected by patent or by other means, before publication.
Organisations
- Royal Veterinary College (Lead Research Organisation)
- Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (Collaboration)
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute (Collaboration)
- National Animal Disease Diagnosis and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC) (Collaboration)
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (Collaboration)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Collaboration)
- Uganda Wildlife Authority (Collaboration)
- BioGene (Collaboration)
- French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (Collaboration)
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute (Collaboration)
- International Atomic Energy Agency (Collaboration)
- Ministry of Agriculture of China (Collaboration)
- Veterinary Services Department (Collaboration)
- Veterinary Council of Tanzania (Collaboration)
- Kenya Wildlife Service (Collaboration)
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) (Collaboration)
Publications
Mdetele D
(2020)
Modified netting technique for capturing gazelles in Serengeti, Ngorongoro and Loliondo, Tanzania
in African Journal of Ecology
Mahapatra M
(2015)
Spillover of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus from Domestic to Wild Ruminants in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania.
in Emerging infectious diseases
Pruvot M
(2020)
Outbreak of Peste des Petits Ruminants among Critically Endangered Mongolian Saiga and Other Wild Ungulates, Mongolia, 2016-2017.
in Emerging infectious diseases
Roger FL
(2020)
Editorial: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR): Generating Evidence to Support Eradication Efforts.
in Frontiers in veterinary science
Fine AE
(2020)
Eradication of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus and the Wildlife-Livestock Interface.
in Frontiers in veterinary science
Queenan K
(2017)
Using local language syndromic terminology in participatory epidemiology: Lessons for One Health practitioners among the Maasai of Ngorongoro, Tanzania.
in Preventive veterinary medicine
Jones BA
(2020)
Pastoralist knowledge of sheep and goat disease and implications for peste des petits ruminants virus control in the Afar Region of Ethiopia.
in Preventive veterinary medicine
Aguilar XF
(2018)
PPR virus threatens wildlife conservation.
in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Tully M
(2023)
The evaluation of five serological assays in determining seroconversion to peste des petits ruminants virus in typical and atypical hosts
in Scientific Reports
Bataille A
(2019)
Optimization and evaluation of a non-invasive tool for peste des petits ruminants surveillance and control.
in Scientific reports
Parida S
(2016)
Emergence of PPR and its threat to Europe.
in Small ruminant research : the journal of the International Goat Association
Jones, BA
Journal article in preparation: Peste des petits ruminants infection in sheep, goats and wild herbivores in Ngorongoro District Tanzania, 2015
in Transboudary and Emerging Diseases
Kock RA
(2015)
Detection and Genetic Characterization of Lineage IV Peste Des Petits Ruminant Virus in Kazakhstan.
in Transboundary and emerging diseases
Clarke BD
(2018)
Molecular detection, isolation and characterization of Peste-des-petits ruminants virus from goat milk from outbreaks in Bangladesh and its implication for eradication strategy.
in Transboundary and emerging diseases
Fernandez Aguilar X
(2020)
Peste des Petits Ruminants at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in the Northern Albertine Rift and Nile Basin, East Africa.
in Viruses
Aguilar X F
(2020)
Peste des Petits Ruminants at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in the Western Albertine Rift and Nile Basin, East Africa
in Viruses
Kock, R
(2017)
PPR Control or Eradication
| Description | PPR virus circulation in Northern Tanzania, Southern Democratic Republic of Congo, Northern Rift Western Uganda, Sudan and Kenya has been confirmed in both livestock and wildlife. There is evidence for spill over into wildlife populations from widespread infection in small domestic ruminants in the Greater Serengeti ecosystem. The Western Rift data Uganda/DRCongo suggests circulation in wildlife despite relatively low densities of livestock proximal to wildlife but these small domestic livestock are also showing evidence of infection. It is not clear where the maintenance populations are explaining apparent endemicity in western Uganda. The high prevalence reported in wildlife in Sudan is notable. Both antibody and antigen evidence is confirmed and genomics on DNA showing lineage for molecular epidemiological studies. Lineage II was identified circulating in small livestock in Northern Tanzania in the wildlife protected areas. Information on the livestock systems in Northern Tanzania have been gathered during an outbreak period. This circulation of virus is occurring despite several rounds of vaccination undertaken by the National Authorities in Tanzania and supporting agencies and donors. In Uganda the circulation of PPR virus in Western Rift was only recently acknowledged (through acceptance of publication) by the authorities and appeared cryptic until 2017 when an outbreak was evident in the Western Rift. Data from livestock show higher antibody prevalence in cattle sampled compared to small livestock although not from a randomised sample. Problems with serology led to the adoption of only the N cELISA results which show a consistent picture in all wildlife groupings sampled across East Africa. Validation of the N cELISA and or other tests and or use of gold standard in the testing seems vital and should become protocol as it was for rinderpest eradication serological testing methods. Field situation is complex with small ruminants suffering disease complexes and differential diagnosis will be important in control of PPR v and other diseases. Better diagnostic tools needed for differential diagnosis. Samples have been processed from livestock showing positive antibody to PPR confirming the circulation in Western Uganda. A chance of engaging in the only major epidemic in wildlife species was taken up to fill gaps in the project study and outcomes. This occurred in Mongolia where the virus first entered the country in 2016 and spill over occurred into wildlife species causing over 50% mortality of a critically endangered antelope the saiga. The Pi was involved in the outbreak and able to obtain material for further research in the laboratory to better understand clinical disease and the epidemiology of the infection in wildlife. Several other species were also affected and samples obtained. This confirms susceptibilities of many different wildlife species but also with the African data shows that co-factors of infection are clearly important and these may be stress related, co-infection or malnutrition influencing the clinical expression and epidemiology of infection. The data so far is also providing some evidence to suggest a low risk that wildlife can be a maintenance host for PPR which underpins the current eradication strategy but it seems unequivocal that when a clinical outbreak occurs this can lead to the virus being vectored by the infected species across a large distance similar to rinderpest and requiring in an eradication strategy close attention to wildlife disease outbreaks during elimination programmes as this may extend infection or bridge between susceptible populations even through vaccinated zones. |
| Exploitation Route | Consideration on eradication strategies will now need to take closer attention to the wildlife livestock interface. These results will be critical to the Global PPR eradication programme and strategy and have shown need to improve on the serological testing protocols and need for triangulation and gold standards. Further research is needed to understand more fully the co factors driving clinical expression of PPR in wildlife species, the role of cattle and bovines like buffalo and more data on pigs which proved in the laboratory good hosts of PPR. Warthog were sampled in Kenya as a result of another work package and positives were found but overall prevalence low but there are questions about the specificity of the test kits IDVET N- PPR c ELISA in wildlife species compared to BDSL H-PPR ELISA kits. The apparent paradox between the virus expression in Asia compared to Africa makes understanding of, and prediction of, the epidemiology of the virus quite difficult and until the situation is clear, wildlife must be considered as a potential risk in any control programme as infection can occur and might be able to be vectored and spill back complicating eradication vaccination programmes. This increases urgency to clarify the epidemiology further and this will continue with the parallel ongoing GCRF project looking at the Serengeti Mara ecosystems in Kenya and Tanzania and ensure all the outcomes from IUEPPR are integrated in the process of evaluation and publication on this subject and science. |
| Sectors | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Environment,Other |
| Description | Results integrated into strategic discussions nationally, regionally and internationally on eradication programme for PPR. The outcome of the work has provided some key findings: that a range of wildlife species in East Africa and Mongolia are susceptible to infection with in the latter region disease expressed explosively from spill over from small livestock but so far apparently subclinical infection only in sub Saharan Africa PPR endemic regions. Serology using available test kits for PPR v antibody appear sensitive but there are questions on specificity between the H and N epitope basis for the testing. This concern over serology has continued and now the H-cElisa is no longer available but there is now discussion arising on use of b-ELISA and LIPS (Luciferase Based Immunoassay) to improve the serological interpretations for PPR in a multitude of species. This needs laboratory review and if possible validation of these tests against a gold standard in this case VNT to move forward on any elimination programme. A faecal test for antigen from infected livestock proved feasible and is now published but so far not sensitive enough to detect antigen in subclinically infected wildlife. The question of the role of wildlife in the persistence of PPR in any region is still uncertain with contradictory observations in Asia compared to Africa in phylogenetically related species suggesting significant co-factors in expression of disease as yet undetermined. Publications on the outcomes are still emerging with the latest Aguillar paper confirming the findings and suggesting that the dynamics of the virus include not only savannah but semi savannah forested ecosystems which is not convention for this virus and requires further epidemiological study. These studies continue to be reflected on ongoing PPR research in later UKRI projects and across the PPR GREN networks. Some of the samples collected and banked have also contriibuted to further ongoing analysis and improvements in testing protocols for PPR and vital to an effective and efficient PPR elimination at national and global levels. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2015 |
| Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Environment |
| Impact Types | Policy & public services |
| Description | Design and delivery of a training-of-trainers course for Ethiopian veterinarians in collaboration with FAO Ethiopia: PPR Surveillance, Sebeta, Ethiopia 5-18th March 2016. Support to regional training courses in PPR Surveillance: Afar Regional Training Course 22-28th April 2016, and Somali Regional Training Course, 4-9th May 2016. Preparation of PPR Surveillance Manual. |
| Geographic Reach | Africa |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Increased reporting and confirmed diagnosis of PPR disease in sheep and goats in the lowland pastoralist and agro-pastoralist areas of Ethiopia, providing information for targeting vaccination and future surveillance activities by Federal and Regional veterinary services and FAO Ethiopia. |
| Description | Development and Evaluation of PPR DIVA vaccines |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
| Impact | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease, severely affects small ruminants in almost 70 countries in Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia. It causes USD 1.5 to 2 billion in losses each year in regions that are home to over 80% of the world's sheep and goats and to more than 330 million of the world's poorest people, many of whom depend on them for their livelihoods. The estimated current expenditure on PPR vaccination ranges between USD 270 and 380 million. The annual impact of PPR alone may be valued at between USD 1.45 and 2.1 billion per year. Approximately a third of the global financial burden of PPR is borne by Africa, with a further quarter borne by South Asia. This burden will be removed with the successful eradication of PPR. The undiscounted costs for a fifteen-year Global control Strategy of FAO and OIE are between USD 7.6 and 9.1 billion, with the first five years costing between USD 2.5 and 3.1 billion. (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4460e.pdf). PPR is currently controlled by vaccination using mainly two live attenuated PPRV vaccines (Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri 96). However, the current vaccines and serological tests are unable to enable Differentiation between naturally Infected and Vaccinated Animals (DIVA). This factor precludes meaningful assessment of vaccine coverage and epidemiological surveillance based on serology, in turn reducing the efficiency of control programmes. Therefore, it is almost impossible to assess the quality and efficacy of existing PPR vaccines without knowing whether positive animals are vaccinated or naturally infected. Unlike rinderpest, where cattle and buffalo were primary hosts, in PPR, new crops (about 30-40%) of lambs and kids are produced every year and are the most susceptible population to bring back new PPR outbreaks6&7. Therefore, it is likely that the cycle of vaccinations and PPR outbreaks will continue until and unless we reach the stage of 80-90% herd immunity. Therefore, development of a marker vaccine and associated DIVA diagnostics will enable the assessment of vaccine efficacy which is essential for any successful vaccination campaign. https://www.pirbright.ac.uk/news/2018/09/pirbright-scientists-run-vaccination-campaign-eradicate-peste-des-petits-ruminant The availability of a recombinant PPRV vaccine with a proven functionality is a prerequisite for the development of novel vaccines that may enable the development of DIVA tools for PPRV diagnostics. In the DBT-BBSRC FADH BB/L004801/1 grant we have rescued Sungri 96 and Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strains. Both the vaccine strains were rescued from respective synthetic c-DNA clones with mutations in the variable part of C terminus of the nucleocapsid (N) gene similar to Dolphin Morbillivirus (DMV) to enable negative marker DIVA vaccines. These two DIVA vaccines along with parental vaccines have been recently tested in a pilot studies in goats. Both the DIVA and parent vaccines provided safety, stability and protection for vaccinated goats whereas the control animals were clinically infected. Patent applications have been made to protect these DIVA vaccines. Agreements are being done with vaccine industries for the licensing and commercialisation. |
| URL | https://www.pirbright.ac.uk/press-releases/2018/09/pirbright-collaboration-provides-tools-peste-des-... |
| Description | PPR in Serengeti Ecosystem of Kenya Tanzania |
| Geographic Reach | Africa |
| Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
| Description | Participation in Peer Review Expert Meeting for the PPR Global Control and Eradication Programme, FAO Rome, 11-12th July 2016 |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Description | Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Eradication Programme "Epidemiological assessment and vaccination management in the Lake Chad epi-zone" Workshop Yaoundé, Cameroon, 09 - 11 December 2019 |
| Geographic Reach | Africa |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Support development of regional PPR eradication policy for the Great Chad Lake Basin countries in Africa |
| Description | Peste des petits ruminants virus global research network FAO OIE IAEA - meeting Rome 2019 |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
| Impact | Contributed to the United Nations FAO/OIE Guidelines for the Control and Prevention of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Wildlife Populations which will help in the process of the PPR global research network and the PPR global eradication programme |
| Description | Peste des petits ruminants virus global research network FAO OIE IAEA - meeting Vienna 2018 |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Increase awareness and research needs for PPR from a wildlife perspective. Importance to biodiversity conservation and eradication of PPR |
| Description | Press release on threat of PPR to Europe |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
| Impact | We have press released in May 2018 and the PPR out break, first in Europe main land, Happened in June-July 2018 |
| URL | https://www.pirbright.ac.uk/press-releases/2017/05/peste-des-petits-ruminants-neglected-disease-whic... |
| Description | RER5023-EVT1805286 Regional Training Course on the Use of Nuclear Derived Techniques in the Diagnosis of "Peste des Petits Ruminants" (PPR) in Sheep and Goats |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Provided and delivered training and material to the IAEA FAO OIE joint division for dissemination to veterinary services laboratory staff internationally focused on wildlife and PPR |
| Description | RER5023-EVT1805286 Regional Training Course on the Use of Nuclear Derived Techniques in the Diagnosis of "Peste des Petits Ruminants" (PPR) in Sheep and Goats (wildlife) |
| Geographic Reach | Europe |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Better understanding of PPR wildlife epidemiology for control and eradication policies |
| Description | Development of multispecies validated serology protocols for complex ecosystems, focused on East Africa, in support of Global PPR eradication |
| Amount | £697,673 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | EP/T015381/1 |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2019 |
| End | 03/2021 |
| Description | GCRF Foundation Award |
| Amount | £564,621 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | BB/P023002/1 |
| Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 05/2018 |
| End | 05/2019 |
| Description | Investigating the feasibility of adapting a direct PCR diagnostics approach to in-field animal testing |
| Amount | £864,356 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 104623 |
| Organisation | Innovate UK |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 11/2018 |
| End | 04/2020 |
| Description | SNAPP |
| Amount | $250,000 (USD) |
| Funding ID | 12777 |
| Organisation | National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United States |
| Start | 03/2018 |
| End | 03/2020 |
| Title | Detection of DNA/RNA for peste des petits ruminants virus from faeces |
| Description | Detection of virus from blood, tissues, ocular oral and nasal swabs is well described for PPR but faecal detection methods were not determined until now. Publication in press SREP-18-42764 Optimization and evaluation of a non-invasive tool for Peste des Petits Ruminants surveillance and control |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | It is early days but it might become a preferred more economical method for virus detection and confirmation in wildlife and extensively managed livestock. |
| Title | ELISA Validation |
| Description | Provided data to progress validation of ELISA tests applied on PPR in a range of species. |
| Type Of Material | Antibody |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | Serology from wildlife is providing sufficient longitudinal data to question validity of applied ELISA tests developed for small ruminants. This is critical to eradication of PPR and its evaluation during the documentation on elimination. |
| Title | Identified the best sampling material for the PPR virus genome detection |
| Description | Quantifying the DNA from all the body fluids of PPR virus infected goats we demonstrated that non-invasive nasal samples are the best material for the genome detection as virus appears as early as 2 days post infection before any clinical signs appear and the virus detection linger for this sample type than any other sample. |
| Type Of Material | Biological samples |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | As we have shown the best sample type for the detection of PPR virus, we have not to do many sample analysis which save the money and effort during the eradication programme. |
| Title | Non-invassive sampling |
| Description | We have shown that faecal sample could be used for the detection of viral genome. Also we have shown the best sampling material for the detection of PPR virus. |
| Type Of Material | Biological samples |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Non-invasive faecal sampling will avoid capturing of wildlife in the national parks. |
| Title | Surveillance indicator species for PPR in Africa |
| Description | In order to track PPR where vaccine is applied an alternate measure of virus circulation is required and this work has established as a number of species, notably buffalo, Grant's gazelle, impala, hartebeest and topi are or are likely to be sentinels for virus spill over from livestock and interspecies secondary epidemiological cycles. This can be built into surveillance methods and systems during the eradication of this virus from the region. |
| Type Of Material | Physiological assessment or outcome measure |
| Year Produced | 2015 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The mandated authorities are considering how best to include this approach into the regional strategies. |
| Title | PPRV wildlife and livestock surveillance Uganda database |
| Description | Data from field missions collection of samples and laboratory analysis of samples. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2015 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | Providing critical information for completion and outcome of the project and related projects |
| Title | PPRv wildife and livestock surveillance results Tanzania 2014-2015 Uganda 2015-2017 S Sudan 2013-2014 Kenya 2016-2017 Mongolia 2017 |
| Description | RVC Dept. Pathobiology and Population Sciences - Research Database IUEPPR - Excel database of samples, location, animal ID, species, age, sex, and diagnostic results for PPRv infection. Currently maintained by researcher with duplicate kept at Pirbright International under programme leader. This has been upgraded to include data now from South Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania for analysis and a database for the Mongolia Outbreak is in preparation. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | Confirmation of presence of disease in wildlife and livestock in a specific ecosystem Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and South Sudan and details of species, geolocation, sex, age, herd, contact species, serology, where isolate phylogeny, lineage and other data on clinical expression, current metadata on vaccination programmes, and general epidemiology. |
| Title | Risk Maps IUEPPR Africa |
| Description | Risk map to show where eradication of PPR virus will need to address complexity of ecosystems and transmission dynamics between multiple hosts for the disease. |
| Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Embedded in the Jones et al 2021 papers These spatial maps suggest that the infection of wildlife is direct from spill over rather than widely from circulation in wildlife which is critical to the confidence in elimination of the virus in sheep and goats leading to environmental elimination (eventually) as any residual wildlife infection burns out. This is certainly true for Africa but may be different for Asia |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050838 |
| Description | Anihwa Call 1 |
| Organisation | French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Developed PCR to detect PPR viral genome in faecal samples for experimentally infected animals. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Developed PCR and antigen ELISA to detect PPR viral genome in faecal samples for field animals including wild life. |
| Impact | Please see publications |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Anihwa Call 1 |
| Organisation | Friedrich Loeffler Institute |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | 1. Conducted challenge experiments in goats to study pathogenicity. 2. Developed NGS technology to sequence PPR whole genome. |
| Collaborator Contribution | FLI has conducted transmission study between different species ( Goats, pig, camel). For the first time they showed that pigs are clinically infected by PPR virus. |
| Impact | Joint Publications |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Anihwa Call 1 |
| Organisation | International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Country | Austria |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | 1. Phylogenetic analysis and whole genome sequencing |
| Collaborator Contribution | 1.Phylogenetic analysis and whole genome sequencing |
| Impact | Joint publications |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Anihwa Call 1 |
| Organisation | Kimron Veterinary Institute |
| Country | Israel |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | 1.Analysed evolution of PPR viruses from 1993 to 2017 circulating in Israel by conducting whole genome sequencing and Bayesian analysis . |
| Collaborator Contribution | Submitted virus to Pirbright |
| Impact | Joint publications |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Improved Understanding of Epidemiology of PPR |
| Organisation | Ministry of Agriculture of China |
| Country | China |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | The research is providing critical knowledge of the occurrence of PPR in livestock in the study area and evidence of the virus circulating in wildlife. This information is valuable for development of control policy and auctioning vaccination. Training of local veterinarians and wildlife staff in wildlife techniques and new diagnostic methods for PPRv and methods of outbreak investigation and surveillance for PPR |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing staff at no salary cost to support the field work Providing vehicles at no hire cost just fuel for field work Providing in field support Providing storage for samples and cold chain support. Providing research data on wildlife and livestock populations for planning, modelling and risk maps. |
| Impact | Knowledge of PPR virus epidemiology in the region involving multiple species Knowledge of disease investigation and surveillance methodologies Knowledge of wildlife techniques for disease investigation and research on PPR virus Discussion with new proposals for an elimination study to be developed for the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem as a model for Global eradication strategies. This has been adopted as a partnership between Government of Kenya and Tanzania and RVC and CIRAD (project implementers) |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Improved Understanding of Epidemiology of PPR |
| Organisation | Ministry of Agriculture of China |
| Country | China |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | The research is providing critical knowledge of the occurrence of PPR in livestock in the study area and evidence of the virus circulating in wildlife. This information is valuable for development of control policy and auctioning vaccination. Training of local veterinarians and wildlife staff in wildlife techniques and new diagnostic methods for PPRv and methods of outbreak investigation and surveillance for PPR |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing staff at no salary cost to support the field work Providing vehicles at no hire cost just fuel for field work Providing in field support Providing storage for samples and cold chain support. Providing research data on wildlife and livestock populations for planning, modelling and risk maps. |
| Impact | Knowledge of PPR virus epidemiology in the region involving multiple species Knowledge of disease investigation and surveillance methodologies Knowledge of wildlife techniques for disease investigation and research on PPR virus Discussion with new proposals for an elimination study to be developed for the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem as a model for Global eradication strategies. This has been adopted as a partnership between Government of Kenya and Tanzania and RVC and CIRAD (project implementers) |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Improved Understanding of Epidemiology of PPR |
| Organisation | National Animal Disease Diagnosis and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC) |
| Country | Uganda |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | The research is providing critical knowledge of the occurrence of PPR in livestock in the study area and evidence of the virus circulating in wildlife. This information is valuable for development of control policy and auctioning vaccination. Training of local veterinarians and wildlife staff in wildlife techniques and new diagnostic methods for PPRv and methods of outbreak investigation and surveillance for PPR |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing staff at no salary cost to support the field work Providing vehicles at no hire cost just fuel for field work Providing in field support Providing storage for samples and cold chain support. Providing research data on wildlife and livestock populations for planning, modelling and risk maps. |
| Impact | Knowledge of PPR virus epidemiology in the region involving multiple species Knowledge of disease investigation and surveillance methodologies Knowledge of wildlife techniques for disease investigation and research on PPR virus Discussion with new proposals for an elimination study to be developed for the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem as a model for Global eradication strategies. This has been adopted as a partnership between Government of Kenya and Tanzania and RVC and CIRAD (project implementers) |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Improved Understanding of Epidemiology of PPR |
| Organisation | Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority |
| Country | Tanzania, United Republic of |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | The research is providing critical knowledge of the occurrence of PPR in livestock in the study area and evidence of the virus circulating in wildlife. This information is valuable for development of control policy and auctioning vaccination. Training of local veterinarians and wildlife staff in wildlife techniques and new diagnostic methods for PPRv and methods of outbreak investigation and surveillance for PPR |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing staff at no salary cost to support the field work Providing vehicles at no hire cost just fuel for field work Providing in field support Providing storage for samples and cold chain support. Providing research data on wildlife and livestock populations for planning, modelling and risk maps. |
| Impact | Knowledge of PPR virus epidemiology in the region involving multiple species Knowledge of disease investigation and surveillance methodologies Knowledge of wildlife techniques for disease investigation and research on PPR virus Discussion with new proposals for an elimination study to be developed for the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem as a model for Global eradication strategies. This has been adopted as a partnership between Government of Kenya and Tanzania and RVC and CIRAD (project implementers) |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Improved Understanding of Epidemiology of PPR |
| Organisation | Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute |
| Country | Tanzania, United Republic of |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | The research is providing critical knowledge of the occurrence of PPR in livestock in the study area and evidence of the virus circulating in wildlife. This information is valuable for development of control policy and auctioning vaccination. Training of local veterinarians and wildlife staff in wildlife techniques and new diagnostic methods for PPRv and methods of outbreak investigation and surveillance for PPR |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing staff at no salary cost to support the field work Providing vehicles at no hire cost just fuel for field work Providing in field support Providing storage for samples and cold chain support. Providing research data on wildlife and livestock populations for planning, modelling and risk maps. |
| Impact | Knowledge of PPR virus epidemiology in the region involving multiple species Knowledge of disease investigation and surveillance methodologies Knowledge of wildlife techniques for disease investigation and research on PPR virus Discussion with new proposals for an elimination study to be developed for the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem as a model for Global eradication strategies. This has been adopted as a partnership between Government of Kenya and Tanzania and RVC and CIRAD (project implementers) |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Improved Understanding of Epidemiology of PPR |
| Organisation | Uganda Wildlife Authority |
| Country | Uganda |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | The research is providing critical knowledge of the occurrence of PPR in livestock in the study area and evidence of the virus circulating in wildlife. This information is valuable for development of control policy and auctioning vaccination. Training of local veterinarians and wildlife staff in wildlife techniques and new diagnostic methods for PPRv and methods of outbreak investigation and surveillance for PPR |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing staff at no salary cost to support the field work Providing vehicles at no hire cost just fuel for field work Providing in field support Providing storage for samples and cold chain support. Providing research data on wildlife and livestock populations for planning, modelling and risk maps. |
| Impact | Knowledge of PPR virus epidemiology in the region involving multiple species Knowledge of disease investigation and surveillance methodologies Knowledge of wildlife techniques for disease investigation and research on PPR virus Discussion with new proposals for an elimination study to be developed for the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem as a model for Global eradication strategies. This has been adopted as a partnership between Government of Kenya and Tanzania and RVC and CIRAD (project implementers) |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Improved Understanding of Epidemiology of PPR |
| Organisation | Veterinary Council of Tanzania |
| Country | Tanzania, United Republic of |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | The research is providing critical knowledge of the occurrence of PPR in livestock in the study area and evidence of the virus circulating in wildlife. This information is valuable for development of control policy and auctioning vaccination. Training of local veterinarians and wildlife staff in wildlife techniques and new diagnostic methods for PPRv and methods of outbreak investigation and surveillance for PPR |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing staff at no salary cost to support the field work Providing vehicles at no hire cost just fuel for field work Providing in field support Providing storage for samples and cold chain support. Providing research data on wildlife and livestock populations for planning, modelling and risk maps. |
| Impact | Knowledge of PPR virus epidemiology in the region involving multiple species Knowledge of disease investigation and surveillance methodologies Knowledge of wildlife techniques for disease investigation and research on PPR virus Discussion with new proposals for an elimination study to be developed for the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem as a model for Global eradication strategies. This has been adopted as a partnership between Government of Kenya and Tanzania and RVC and CIRAD (project implementers) |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Improved Understanding of Epidemiology of PPR |
| Organisation | Veterinary Services Department |
| Country | Kenya |
| Sector | Learned Society |
| PI Contribution | The research is providing critical knowledge of the occurrence of PPR in livestock in the study area and evidence of the virus circulating in wildlife. This information is valuable for development of control policy and auctioning vaccination. Training of local veterinarians and wildlife staff in wildlife techniques and new diagnostic methods for PPRv and methods of outbreak investigation and surveillance for PPR |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing staff at no salary cost to support the field work Providing vehicles at no hire cost just fuel for field work Providing in field support Providing storage for samples and cold chain support. Providing research data on wildlife and livestock populations for planning, modelling and risk maps. |
| Impact | Knowledge of PPR virus epidemiology in the region involving multiple species Knowledge of disease investigation and surveillance methodologies Knowledge of wildlife techniques for disease investigation and research on PPR virus Discussion with new proposals for an elimination study to be developed for the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem as a model for Global eradication strategies. This has been adopted as a partnership between Government of Kenya and Tanzania and RVC and CIRAD (project implementers) |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | KWS PPR |
| Organisation | Kenya Wildlife Service |
| Country | Kenya |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Training in epidemiological surveillance for PPR in wildlife |
| Collaborator Contribution | Logistical and staffing support |
| Impact | Sampling completed in Narok and Kajiado County and samples processed and analysed confirming PPR infection in a wide range of wild bovidae and in the suidae warthogs. |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | LVRI, China |
| Organisation | Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute |
| Country | China |
| Sector | Learned Society |
| PI Contribution | 1.Established contact. 2. Exchange of visits between scientists. |
| Collaborator Contribution | 1.Established contact. 2. Exchange of visits between scientists. |
| Impact | Exchange of visits. Delivered talk on FMD and PPR vaccines. Agreed to apply for future grant call. |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | Livestock Wildlife Interface and Diseases in Queen Elizabeth National Park Uganda |
| Organisation | Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) |
| Department | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine |
| Country | Spain |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Support to the research activities of UAB in QENP during the IUEPPR project Sharing results for the activities of the community support NGO Daktari active in the livestock farmer community |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing information on livestock in the Uganda region of study for IUEPPR Providing sera from livestock at no cost for inclusion in the research work under IUEPPR Monitoring for PPR in livestock during field missions and reporting to IUEPPR project |
| Impact | Evidence of PPR virus circulation in livestock around study area for wildlife. |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | RVC-Pirbright _Biogene partnership |
| Organisation | BioGene |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Initiating an private public partnership on differential diagnosis methodologies around PPRv |
| Collaborator Contribution | Providing the private capacity to develop potential diagnostic platform for PPR v and differentials. |
| Impact | Satya and the company Biogene (BG Research Ltd) RVC submission to Innovate UK. The specific competition is Agritech catalyst early stage feasibility round 5, funding source the Technology Strategy Board, and title of project Pen side differential diagnosis of PPRV, FMDV and BTV from blood and swab samples |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | UAB - RVC - Daktari collaboration on bovine TB and sustainable livestock systems |
| Organisation | Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) |
| Department | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine |
| Country | Spain |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Information on TB from studies in wildlife and livestock in and around Queen Elizabeth National Park - helping implementation of veterinary support programme of UAB-Daktari NGO partnership. Opportunity for incorporating PPR studies into their portfolio of work from 2015. Obtained Partnership Grant |
| Collaborator Contribution | Physical and Material support to our programme on Bovine TB in QENP. Physical Material and Data support to the BBSRC PPR research IUEPPR Support to development of proposals for H2020 funding on sustainable agriculture |
| Impact | Improved knowledge of TB prevalence in wildlife and livestock in Western Uganda Akigera ecosystem. Data on PPR provided from livestock systems surrounding the QENP 2015, 2016, 2017 and further south during PPR outbreak in 2017. Provision of serum for serology on PPR. |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Better Training for Safer Food (BTSF) Initiative - Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Workshop, 6-8th June 2018 Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | A three-day training course for government veterinarians from Greece and Bulgaria on epidemiology, surveillance and control of PPR. I made three presentations; PPRV infection and disease in wildlife, PPR outbreak investigation, and awareness and communication among stakeholders, and facilitated group exercises on dealing with a PPR outbreak. A few weeks after the workshop, some of the participants were involved in the first detection of PPR disease in Bulgaria and subsequent control and surveillance activities. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Chatham House event Disease Outbreaks IDRAM |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Infectious Disease Risk Assessment and Management (IDRAM): From the Ebola outbreak in West Africa to a One Health approach to shared preparedness and response for health emergencies - using the example of the PPR and Saiga disease outbreaks in Central Asia and Africa as exemplars of the constraints in these regions need for research and improved implementation of surveillance outbreak investigation and control measures. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Cote D Ivoire PPR international meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | International strategy meeting on control of PPR globally |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Expert group meeting for PPR eradication at head quarters of WHO, Vienna, Austria, 2018 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | In the FAO/PPR eradication meeting satya has presented work on PPR epidemiology and diagnosis. The talk was designed for the stakeholders and policy make to make aware on important points that are required for eradication of PPR |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Final IUEPPR Anihwa Call meeting at SVA,Sweden, October 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | The final project meeting was conducted at SVA, Sweden. Partners presented the progress under this grant which was satisfactory. The final report writing was discussed. New application to EU call are planned. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Initiation of a mass vaccination campain ( 2018) in TamilNadu, India |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Scientists from The Pirbright Institute's Vaccine Differentiation group have recently returned from Chennai in India, where they conducted a mass peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccination campaign and awareness programme. They joined scientists from four specialist organisations; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB) and National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI). Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), also known as goat plague, is highly contagious and infects small ruminants such as sheep and goats, causing up to 90% mortality. The disease is prevalent across large parts of Africa, the Middle East, India and China and is estimated to cost between US$1.4 billion and US$2.1 billion globally each year. In 2017, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) introduced a global eradication programme to reduce the devastating impact PPR has on the economy and food security of affected countries. "Over 40 vets joined our vaccination campaign in the Tanir Kulum village of Tiruvallur District, TaminNadu (close to Chennai), where we administered vaccines to over 400 sheep and goats in a single day. We also ran an awareness camp where we provided farmers and vets alike with expert guidance on diagnosing clinical signs of PPR and what measures they could take to reduce its spread", said Professor Satya Parida from Pirbright, who led the collaborative effort with Dr Dhinakar Raj from TANUVAS. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://www.pirbright.ac.uk/news/2018/09/pirbright-scientists-run-vaccination-campaign-eradicate-pes... |
| Description | Invited faculty talk at Ryal veterinary College (RVC) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Delivered an invited faculty talk on Epidemiology and pathology of PPR. Sparked questions and discussions afterwards and RVC reported increased interest in this subjects. Satya has been appointed as a visiting Professor at RVC after that. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Invited talk at Agricultural Science congress at New Delhi, India, February-2019- Use of reverse genetics to study the early pathogenesis and to develop marker vaccines for PPR |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 1. In a DBT-BBSRC FADH grant, The Pirbright Institute in collaboration with four Indian partners (TANUVAS, IVRI, NIAB and NIVEDI) has developed a PPR vaccine, which will be the first to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), for which a patent application has been filed. Scientists have manipulated in the genome of PPR full length cDNA and rescued the DIVA vaccine virus using reverse genetic technique. Further this vaccine has been tested in goats providing full safety and potency upon virulent virus challenge. In contrast to current vaccine, this new DIVA vaccine can differentiate between naturally infected and vaccinated animals, therefore will help in meaningful assessment of vaccine coverage and epidemiological surveillance based on serology, in turn increasing the efficiency of control programmes. 2. Little is known about the early events in the development of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus (PPRV) infection. The current dogma is that similar to RPV, PPRV replicates primarily in the epithelium of the respiratory tract before disseminating throughout the host. However, our investigations, using intranasal inoculation of PPRV containing GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) to mimic natural infection, indicate this is not the case and that immune cells in the pharyngeal tonsil is the primary target. This is a ground breaking discovery which changes the PPR pathogenesis. This infectious GFP virus is made from a synthetic cDNA of field virus (PPRV/Mor-08) using reverse genetics technique under FADH grant. The presentation sparked questions and discussions after the talk. Two PPR DIVA vaccines developed and the mechanism of PPR virus pathogenesis explained. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Invited talk on Epidemiology and vaccine development using reverse genetics techniques at Institute of Life science, Bhubaneswar India. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Invited talk on Epidemiology and vaccine development using reverse genetics techniques at Institute of Life science, Bhubaneswar India delivered on 5th of Feb, 2018. Students and scientists were encouraged to take forward the approach for human disease and some request obtained to visit our lab at the Pirbright, Institute. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Meeting presentation: Peste des Petits Ruminants and Wildlife - Bryony Jones and Richard Kock, at PPR Network Meeting, University of Pretoria, South Africa 24-25th Nov 2015 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Approximately 40 participants from South African veterinary services - national and field personnel, plus representatives from wildlife industry, and neighbouring countries; Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique. Presentation on role of wildlife in PPR epidemiology. Discussion of risk of PPR introduction to South Africa, appropriate surveillance methods, and potential role of wild species, especially those under managed conditions. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | Mongolia PPR Regional Strategy Meeting FAO |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Technical advisor to cross sectoral meeting on regional control of PPR organised by FAO in Ulan Bator Mongolia in light of PPR epidemic in Mongolia and China. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Oral and poster presentation at European Society of veterinary Virology and EPIZONE (ESVV/EPIZONE) at Vienna, Austria 2018 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Presentation has been made on early events of PPR virus pathogenesis. The presentation reveled that PPR virus first taken up by the immune cells to the Pharyngeal tonsil and then to other lymph nodes before generalisation of the disease. Secondary replication happens in epithelial cells. This alters the existing believe that virus primarily replicate in the epithelial cells. Similarly a poster presentation has been done to show the detection of nucleic acid of PPR virus during PPR eradication programme, nasal sample has been shown as the best sample for viral genome detection. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | PPR GREN 2020 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | PPR Global Rinderpest Network Research Network Meeting 9-12th November 2020 online meeting. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.oie.int/en/document/ppr-gren3/ |
| Description | PPR Modelling workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | Workshop at Royal Vet College of Modellers to work on SEIR models for PPR with respect to wildlife serology results in IUEPPR project and outbreak data on PPR from Mongolia |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | PPR Onderstepoort Southern African discussion event |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | November 2015 meeting held at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Onderstepoort to discuss PPR emergence in southern Africa - potential and evidence. Project members (2) participated and gave advice to the meeting. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | PPR eradication meeting organised by FAO and OIE at Rome and talk has been delived on Development of DIVA vaccines |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Satya Parida is working as an expert to PPR eradication and he is being invited for few of FAO/OIE meetings. The meetings discussed about roadmap, vaccine production capacity and eradication policy. Satya also presented work on PPR DIVA vaccine and DIVA tests developments and their evaluation in goats. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | PPR presentation Utrecht Course Trop Vet Med |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Talk on wildlife and PPR to Course on Tropical Veterinary Medicine at the Utrecht School of Veterinary Medicine |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | PPR review lecture Utrecht FVM Tropical Medicine Course |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Lecture on PPR and seminar to present results from the IUEPPR project and status of PPR in wildlife |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | PPR vaccine producers meeting at MCI, Morocco organised by FAO/OIE |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | PPR vaccine producers meeting at MCI, Morocco organised by FAO/OIE. Almost all PPR vaccine producers through out world joined this meeting. Satya Parida has presented a talk on vaccine development and transmission of PPR virus in North Africa. There was hues interest on the talk particularly the spread of PPR in North Africa and new vaccine development. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Poster presentation by PhD student and seior postdoc at SGM meeting and Negative Strand Virus (NSV) meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The work on early events on Pathogenesis of PPR virus has been presented that showed PPR virus primarily replicates in Tonsils, not in the mucosal epithelium as thought till date. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Programme Meeting Workshop IUEPPR Sweden |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | Final workshop to discuss findings IUEPPR with wider programme present WP1 outcomes |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Project close meeting at TANUVAS, Chennai July 2018- Delivering talk on outcome of the project |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | The project team held their final workshop at TANUVAS, which concluded a four year Farmed Animal Disease and Health (FADH) grant joint funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the Indian Government's Department of Biotechnology (DBT). "This grant has enabled us to collaborate with four organisations across India, and ensured that our research can be applied in the field to aid the campaign for PPR global eradication", said Professor Parida.The project covered many areas of research which are essential for understanding PPR and creating tools to help control and prevent the disease. The team have now filed a patent application for their newly developed PPR vaccine, which is the first to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA) - a quality that enables livestock owners to protect their animals whilst continuing to trade. The team have also investigated how the PPR virus (PPRV) infects sheep and goats and how their immune systems respond. By inserting green fluorescent protein into virulent PPRV and administering the modified virus to goats, they demonstrated that PPRV primarily infects the tonsils, challenging the earlier belief that the virus first replicates in the respiratory tract epithelial cells. The collaborative project has also generated better diagnostic tests for use in the field and laboratory, and preliminary research has identified why some Indian breeds of goats and sheep are resistant to the disease, which could help scientists to create PPRV resistant breeds in the future. Project partners, scientists from the University and 40 field veterinarians have joined the meeting. An awareness training has been conducted on PPR disease and eradication for these field veterinarians. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://www.pirbright.ac.uk/news/2018/09/pirbright-scientists-run-vaccination-campaign-eradicate-pes... |
| Description | Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute Annual Meeting Arusha |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Present results to audience of researchers engaged in East African region - summary of state of knowledge of PPR in wildlife in East Africa from IUEPPR project. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Uganda Farmers Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Workshop to explore disease concerns at the livestock wildlife human interface in Western Rift Uganda focused on Queen Elizabeth National Park. This brought farmers, policy makers, agencies, non government sector, professionals together to discuss disease in the context of local issues. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | lecture to a group of professional trainees from National Governments in Europe and Central Asia |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | UN FAO IAEA Project RER5023: "Enhancing National Capabilities for Early and Rapid Detection of Priority Vector Borne Diseases of Animals (Including zoonoses) by Means of Molecular Diagnostic Tools" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |