Co-production of healthy, sustainable food systems for disadvantaged communities

Lead Research Organisation: University of Reading
Department Name: Food and Nutritional Sciences

Abstract

Our vision is to provide citizens of culturally-diverse disadvantaged communities with choice and agency over the food they consume, by co-developing new products, new supply chains and new policy frameworks that deliver an affordable, attractive, healthy and sustainable diet.

Disadvantaged communities are defined as families and individuals who are at risk of food and housing insecurity, often culturally diverse, and whom experience multiple challenges such as financial, mental health and physical health. The proposed programme of research integrates some of the largest food businesses in the country, together with distribution and retail partners that reach into the heart of disadvantaged communities across the UK. Working alongside government departments and civil organisations, the team will develop a resilient, sustainable and adaptable food system for populations from different regions, age groups and socio-cultural backgrounds. At the end of the project the consortium will have developed methods for innovating food products, food supply chains and food/agricultural policies that are inclusive and robust. When implemented at national scale these will deliver the behavioural, health and economic benefits that a food system should provide for citizens, businesses and the environment.

A baseline of 22% of people live in food poverty in the UK, often reliant on solutions outside of mainstream food systems, including food banks. This doesn't enable people to plan or chose their diet, or to improve their food security on a long term basis. Previous attempts at transforming the food-health system to become more equitable, sustainable and integrated have had limited impact as they fail to engage disadvantaged communities in the research process and the policy design, leading to a failure to impart knowledge sharing or social innovation. The disconnect between households, communities and national supply and production networks presents one of the greatest challenges to developing a socially just, healthier, and sustainable food system for everyone.

This project will identify and implement the innovations and new configurations of the food system that are necessary to deliver improved nutritional public health and wellbeing for citizens from disadvantaged communities with enhanced environmental sustainability. The team will do this using co-design, co-production and participatory methods that enable major food businesses and community owned enterprises to engage with each other, and with the citizens who consume food. In the first part of the project a picture of the national food landscape in disadvantaged communities from across the UK will be built, and the impact of the current food system on environmental sustainability will be analysed. Investigation of current corporate, social and government policy frameworks that guide food and agriculture in the UK and across Europe will be evaluated to highlight positive directions for the future. Together, in phase 2, communities and businesses will co-develop new supply chains, new or reformulated exemplar food products and new policy frameworks. In phase 3, these innovations will be evaluated, adjusted and improved. The impact of scaling these innovations to basket level and national level will be evaluated, quantifying the potential impact of nationwide changes on the environment and health.

By the end of the project we will have established effective methods for co-creation of policy, products and supply chains that can be implemented at a national level. As a result, every citizen will have the potential to make decisions about their food, and will have access to a diet that is affordable, attractive, healthy and environmentally sustainable.
 
Description People from disadvantaged communities are highly dependent on the food aid supply chain (FASC), with the present (2022-23) cost of living crisis exacerbating in-work poverty and poverty amongst those unable to work. Unlike the commercial food supply chain, the FASC functions without good logistical organisation and planning, resulting in people who are dependent on food aid often consigned to eating poor quality, end of life food. Citizens from disadvantaged communities are further constrained by the high price of what is regarded as a healthy diet and exacerbated by the higher-than-average incidence of food allergies and intolerances since purchasing from the "free-from" aisles is even more expensive than 'standard' equivalents. As a consequence, people are often unable to consume the foods they need and knowingly expose themselves or their families to poor health outcomes, for example through consuming skimmed milk instead of non-dairy alternatives when they are lactose intolerant. There is no shortage of ambition to consume a more healthy diet and we have co-developed concepts for two products in each of four communities. Each concept will lead to product, policy and/or supply chain innovation. These exemplars will demonstrate how it is possible to co-develop new ways of thinking about our food system that lead to people shifting to consumption of foods that are healthier or more sustainably produced. A key byproduct of FoodSEqual is our learning of how to work with and train community researchers - people who are resident in the communities we are working with and therefore have a commitment to improving their area for all citizens. As the project moves forward we are increasingly working across the areas of policy, environment and product development, building on our early findings that food policy, health policy and environmental policy are usually developed in silos, both at central and local government level. Effective change can only be achieved by working across these boundaries and co-designing policy with the people it is designed to affect.
Exploitation Route Evidence from FoodSEqual will inform local and central government policy making, underpin future approaches to tackling health inequalities, and will enable the food industry to use a new approach (direct engagement with the intended consumer) to co-design products.
Sectors Agriculture, Food and Drink,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Environment,Retail

 
Description The methods we have developed for training community researchers are in the process of being accredited and will be adopted in other areas. People within our communities articulate their satisfaction at having their voices heard and acted upon - engagement with the research is excellent, even with the cost of living crisis making people's lives even more difficult. Reading Borough Council will now be represented on the project Advisory Board. As a result of hearing project updates they, plus local NHS providers, are working with the academic community to seek additional funding to address health inequalities that will drive policy development.
First Year Of Impact 2022
Sector Agriculture, Food and Drink,Communities and Social Services/Policy
Impact Types Cultural,Societal,Policy & public services

 
Title Data analysis method better enabling co-production. 
Description An adaptation of Jackson (2008)'s process which enabled Community Food Researchers to work in a team with Researchers to analyse workshop data together. The use of drawing throughout the process facilitated creative visual representation of outcomes. Jackson, S.F. (2008). A Participatory Group Process to Analyze Qualitative Data. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 2(2), 161-170. doi:10.1353/cpr.0.0010. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Enabled Community Food Researchers to engage with data analysis and draw out their experience-based interpretations and understandings of the data. 
 
Description Collaboration with Cranfield University to fund three-year PhD Studentship 
Organisation Cranfield University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The University of Reading is co-funding a three-year PhD studentship in collaboration with Cranfield University. This studentship commences in September 2022 and will fund a PhD student to conduct a research project that aligns with but does not deliver the core aims/activities of the consortium.
Collaborator Contribution The partner, Cranfield University, will fund 50% of the full studentship (including stipend, university fees and RTSG of £1K annum). The lead supervisor and one co-supervisor are based at the partner organisation and they will provide support and guidance to the student throughout their studentship as well as training in research methods relevant to the PhD, opportunities to engage with industry partners and access to state-of-the-art facilities. An additional co-supervisor will be based at the University of Reading.
Impact The outcomes will relate to the research findings for the proposed PhD 'Food Redistribution in UK Supply Chains to Ensure Adherence to Food and Drink Waste Hierarchy' and explore the role that supply chain management can play in addressing the challenges of food redistribution and reuse.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Knowledge Exchange Fellow funding 
Organisation United Kingdom Research and Innovation
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The PI (Prof Carol Wagstaff) has secured additional funding from the UKRI Transforming UK Food Systems SPF to fund a Knowledge Exchange Fellow. The Fellow will be supervised by Prof Wagstaff and based at the University of Reading but will be appointed to work as an ambassador across all funded consortia and the UKRI programme team to identify opportunities for knowledge exchange.
Collaborator Contribution The other projects within the SPF led by the Universities of Cambridge, York and Sheffield and the UK Food Systems Centre for Doctoral Training, led by the University of Greenwich will ensure that the Fellow supports their consortia. They will provide guidance, awareness and knowledge of the work of their consortium and help identify key stakeholders and consortium members with whom the Fellow would work to gain an understanding of the aims and outcomes of that group and how/where they will be able to facilitate knowledge exchange and influence stakeholders and sectors relevant to the UK food sector.
Impact The Research Fellow will help to ensure that knowledge arising from the consortia and Doctoral Training Centre are translated into impact for academic, public sector, civil society and industry partners. The Fellow is not yet in position so outputs/outcomes will be documented when available.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Transforming UK Food Systems SPF Special Interest Groups (SIGs) 
Organisation United Kingdom Research and Innovation
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Members of the research team are involved in SIGs as part of consortia-wide discussions across the four consortia within the UKRI Transforming UK Food Systems SPF. Members are collaborating with others in these groups or leading these SIG groups, facilitating multi-disciplinary discussions of subject topics that are common across each consortium.
Collaborator Contribution The partner consortia members are involved in or leading SIGs. UKRI provided opportunity for initial SIG discussions at the SPF annual meeting on 11/12 November 2021 from which further discussions have continued.
Impact This work is ongoing so no clear outputs or outcomes have been identified yet.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Consortium Video 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact A video was made by the consortium to highlight the challenges faced by UK disadvantaged communities and outline the co-development work ongoing with the consortium during Year 1 (2021/22) of the project. The video was made for and shared at the 'Transforming UK Food Systems' SPF Annual Meeting on 11/12 November 2021, at the FoodSEqual Annual Assembly on 10 November and subsequently more widely on the consortium website.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://research.reading.ac.uk/food-system-equality/new-project-video/
 
Description Dedicated FoodSEqual webpage on Food Plymouth website 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Dedicated page on Food Plymouth website providing information on the FoodSEqual project and its local expressions, including the Whitleigh, Plymouth Community Food Researchers and encouraging engagement with all of the above.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffoodplymouth.org%2Fproject%2Ffoods...
 
Description Feedback lunch at Whitley 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Previous study participants and potential participants were invited to hear about the FoodSEqual progress and findings so far in Whitley at the WCDA cafe. Future research projects coming up in the year were also explained. Lunch was provided as a thank you.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Fish workshops - Plymouth. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Previous work had suggested fish was a food of interest in the research community. Workshops were designed, delivered and the data analysed in a team including Community Food Researchers. The workshop participants were local fish industry partners and community members. They aimed to explore whether a new fish product, supply chain or policy innovation is wanted or needed in the area.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Fish workshops - Plymouth. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Previous work had suggested fish was a food of interest in the research community. Workshops were designed, delivered and the data analysed in a team including Community Food Researchers. The workshop participants were local fish industry partners and community members. They aimed to explore whether a new fish product, supply chain or policy innovation is wanted or needed in the area.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Food Plymouth Blog post written by the Whitleigh, Plymouth Community Food Researchers explaining their work, publicising their community cookbook and encouraging engagement. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Raising awareness of the FoodSEqual project and the Whitleigh Community Food Researchers and their activities, publicising the Whitleigh community cookbook publication and encouraging engagement in the work locally.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffoodplymouth.org%2Fa-team-of-six-c...
 
Description Food Plymouth Facebook post about engagement by students from Sir John Hunt Community College, Whitleigh, Plymouth in FoodSEqual activities 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Reporting on and illustrating activities by school students engaging in FoodSEqual activities as part of their curriculum enrichment week programme.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Ffoodplymouth%2F...
 
Description Food Plymouth Facebook post citing Dr Clare Pettinger's post about the FoodSEqual Plymouth 25th November 2022 stakeholder engagement event 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Facebook post raising awareness of FoodSEqual Plymouth, illustrating progress and encouraging engagement.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Ffoodplymouth%2F...
 
Description Food Plymouth Tweet reporting on FoodSEqual Plymouth facilitated foraging walk at Whitleigh, Plymouth 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Awareness raising and promoting future engagement in activities / study.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Ffoodplymouth%2Fstatu...
 
Description Ian Michael Smith @Ianmsmith15 Tweet about 25th November 2022 FoodSEqual Plymouth stakeholder engagement and project showcase event. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Raising awareness of and promoting engagement in FoodSEqual Plymouth.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FMEKIFFbyep&data=05%7C01%7Ci...
 
Description Organisation and presenter at external event by consortium member 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Dr Katerina Psarikidou, University of Sussex was an organiser and presenter of a panel session at GM Nation+ 20?: Reflections on the Past and Future of Genetic Technologies in Agriculture as part of the AsSIST Annual Conference on 9-10 September 2021
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Organisation and presenter at external event by consortium member 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Dr Katerina Psarikidou was invited to give a presentation "From 'knowledge exchange' to 'research coproduction': negotiating 'participation' in agrifood research, and implications for food systems transformations" as part of the Panel session 'Challenging incumbency by integrating radical pathways: Governing challenges, interests and socio-materialities in Agri-food transformations' at the International Sustainability Transitions (IST) Conference, 5-8 October 2021 online conference event.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.ist2021-karlsruhe.de/ist2021-en/
 
Description Participation in external workshop 'What Works Centre for Diet Shift' by consortium PI (Prof Carol Wagstaff) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Prof Carol Wagstaff will be participating in the workshop on 28 March 2022.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Plymouth FoodSEqual school curriculum enrichment project 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact We set up and ran a curriculum enrichment week of food themed activities for 10 students at Sir John Hunt Community Sports College which is located in Whitleigh, Four Greens, Plymouth. Below outlined research parameters for the project.
Table 1. Research parameters for FoodSEqual Plymouth schools project
How measured
1) Food (system) Literacy* (in secondary school students)
*food & nutrition knowledge; food skills; self-efficacy & confidence; food decisions and ecological factors as well as aspirations • focus groups and session observation with students
• interviews with teachers
2) School Food Culture • observations of the school food culture and environment
• interviews with teachers
Analysis and synthesis of findings are ongoing...

a documentary film will be available soon of the outputs showing summary of student engagement activities

KEY HIGHLIGHTS
Food intake of the students relates strongly to the interrelationship between:
1) Availability - where food is normally bought/sourced, both in and out of school.
2) Culture - within the school (in relation to healthy eating) and within the home (in relation to time available to cook, knowledge of how to cook and awareness of healthy eating).
3) Cost - family (household) budgets and income; school budget (catering and food technology) and national budget (free school meals).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://vimeo.com/737948107
 
Description Plymouth FoodSEqual stakeholder engagement event (year two) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Third sector organisations
Results and Impact Aims of event :
• Publicise what the FoodSEqual project has been doing in Plymouth (progres and achievments)
• Give the Community Food Researchers (CFR) a platform to promote themselves
- engage with local stakeholders to engage them in future planning
• Build connections with and between the local food ecosystem
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Publicity through partner organisation activities 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The work of the consortium and specifically activities being conducted by academic and civic/community organisations as part of the project have been promoted through these groups across their own organisations, local communities and the consortium's industry partners. This has been achieved through production of videos, community activity advertisements, social media (Twitter, Facebook) and industry partner internal discussion and reporting mechanisms. Data collection activities involving external stakeholders from the food industry, government and community organisations has enabled the sharing of the aims of FoodSEqual more widely.
Members of the consortium have participated in discussion at the wider SPF Annual Meeting held in November 2021 and in Special Interest Groups (SIGs) initiated at that meeting and progressing beyond the meeting, to help disseminate information about FoodSEqual, to network, share ideas and experiences and discuss common practices/approaches that might be useful to others. The Project Managers/programme managers have also engaged collectively with UKRI to ensure that common ways of working/learning are established and shared across the consortia.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021,2022
 
Description STEM Day Event at Reading Girl's School. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Over 50 secondary school pupils attended two sessions at Reading Girls' School Reading STEM day event where a presentation entitled "Assessing the sustainability of food systems using spatial analytical approaches' was delivered. The pupils reacted positively to the concepts of sustainability, spatial data and environmental impact assessments. Subsequent discussions focussed on the implication of diet changes (e.g., eating less meats) on the environment. Pupils showed enthusiasm towards maps of soil organic carbon loss and accumulation as well as changes in water quality across different watersheds in Great Britain.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021,2022
 
Description Seminar at Cranfield University 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Seminar entitled 'Strategies to increase soil organic matter in arable soils' to a group of staff and postgraduate students at Cranfield University
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Snacks workshops 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Previous workshops had identified that Whitley wanted healthier snack options. These workshops were run with community researchers, 1-2 academics and people who lived in the local area to explore the context of snacks in their diets, and ideas for improvements and new products. Feedback used to narrow down idea for a new snack.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Social media engagement (Website and Twitter) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The consortium 'Co-production of healthy, sustainable food systems for disadvantaged communities' (FoodSEqual) established a website and Twitter account during 2021 in order to engage a wider audience and raise awareness and publicise/promote the aims, work and potential outcomes of the project. As one consortium within the 'Transforming UK Food Systems' SPF, the Twitter account (@foodsequal), now with 216 followers, has facilitated communication of events and activities between academic and community partner organisations both within FoodSEqual and across the wider SPF community and UKRI. Reciprocally it has enabled the work of the other consortia to be followed.

The website has provided a platform for awareness and engagement of a public audience interested in foodsystem security to learn about the research being conducted within FoodSEqual. As the project matures, further information about the work and outcomes from FoodSEqual will be shared on this platform.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021,2022
URL https://research.reading.ac.uk/food-system-equality/
 
Description Whitleigh (Plymouth) Community Cookbook 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This was made possible via a University of Plymouth internal public engagment Explore award, which permitted us to deliver the event with our FoodSEqual communtiy food researchers.

here is a summary from one of the community food researchers

This book was created following a fun event held at the Four Greens Community centre, where people from the Whitleigh community gathered with our FoodSEqual team to discuss peoples' current eating habits; what they like and dislike and what they would change, if they could. By holding this event we have been able to hear people's stories and memories connected to the food they eat today and as children. We talked of recipes that we have been using, as did our parents, which make sure that our budgets did not mean we sacrificed on taste. Hence the creation of this book.
The book is firstly a big thank you to the people who shared their time and experiences with us, secondly it can provide a window into our community to see what is happening just around the corner and most importantly, what is being eaten. Finally, this book can be a tool for you to use, as a space to add your own creations or favourite recipes...or possibly a space to jot down ideas when you attend our next event!
- Mel (Community Food Researcher)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://issuu.com/foodsequal-plymouth/docs/foodsequal_explore_awards_book_compressed