Advancing Plant Health: Durable disease control and combating emerging threats

Lead Research Organisation: John Innes Centre
Department Name: UNLISTED

Abstract

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Technical Summary

We will reveal how pests and pathogens including emerging threats challenge the sustainability of UK and global crop production and biodiversity. We will apply lessons from this research to increase the resilience of crops in the face of rapid changes in pest and disease pressures the environment and socio-economic demands.

Climate change international trade and travel are accelerating the global dispersal of pathogens and pests challenging the goal of predictable environmentally friendly crop production. Resilient food production in changing climates requires effective control of and durable resistance to multiple pests and diseases. WP4 closely aligns with research on host resistance (WP1) pathogen variation (WP2) and the agricultural ecosystem (WP3) and will build on JIC and TSL’s extensive experience of long-term work on plant diseases and pests.

The overall goal of WP4 is to maximise the durability and effectiveness of disease and pest management and resistance in crops. By investigating evolutionary mechanisms of pathogens and pests within agricultural ecosystems we will understand how they spread to new locations and adapt to different crops and environments (SO 4.1). Dissecting phenotypic variation in pests and pathogens will reveal how their populations respond to methods of disease control (SO 4.2). In SO 4.3 we will exploit advances in genomics to create new opportunities for developing novel and durable resistance as a key strategy for economically and ecologically sustainable control of pests and diseases. To enable the UK’s natural environment to recover from ecological damage of multiple introductions of destructive diseases37 we will apply lessons from crop breeding to accelerate natural selection for disease resistance in trees.

Planned Impact

unavailable
 
Description AHDB Wheat Crop Committee (Recommended List)
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact 1. Improved, more durable resistance of wheat varieties to the full range of fungal and viral diseases and insect pests. 2. Improved methods of trialling, analysing and rating varieties for disease resistance. 3. Contribution to rigorous assessment of disease ratings in variety recommendation.
 
Description Advice on calculation of Recommended List disease ratings
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact Improved effectiveness and durability of crop disease resistance
 
Description BSPP Undergraduate Vacation Bursery scheme
Amount £4,000 (GBP)
Organisation The British Society of Plant Pathology 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 06/2024 
End 09/2024
 
Description Genetic Diversity for Resistance to Dutch Elm Disease in Field Elm from England
Amount £242,793 (GBP)
Organisation Department For Environment, Food And Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2023 
End 03/2026
 
Description Plant Health Undergraduate Studentships 2022
Amount £4,000 (GBP)
Organisation Royal Society of Biology (RSB) 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 06/2023 
End 09/2023
 
Description Pulse-Downy Mildew Pathosystem: deploying disease resistance, pathogenomics and microbial biocontrol
Amount £403,813 (GBP)
Funding ID BB/T016043/1 
Organisation Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2021 
End 01/2024
 
Description Recovery of Ashwoods from Ash Dieback
Amount £248,802 (GBP)
Organisation Department For Environment, Food And Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2023 
End 03/2026
 
Description S-PROTECT
Amount € 150,000 (EUR)
Organisation European Commission H2020 
Sector Public
Country Belgium
Start 08/2023 
End 02/2025
 
Description Undergraduate Vacation Bursary
Amount £4,000 (GBP)
Organisation The British Society of Plant Pathology 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 06/2023 
End 08/2023
 
Description Undergraduate Vacation Bursary
Amount £4,000 (GBP)
Organisation British Society of Plant Pathoogy 
Sector Learned Society
Country United Kingdom
Start 06/2023 
End 09/2023
 
Description Wych Elm Seed Sourcing
Amount £113,732 (GBP)
Organisation Department For Environment, Food And Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2023 
End 03/2025
 
Title Method of rapid, even germination of ash seed 
Description We have developed a method for germinating ash seed rapidly, evenly and successfully. In nature, ash seed germinates over a period of 18 months to 6 years. The standard methods of germination by the forestry trade takes a minimum of 8 months and has a very low probability of success. The method we have developed takes 9 days, produces cohorts of uniform seedlings and has a success rate of 80-95%, depending on the quality of seed from the mother treee. It will be published shortly. 
Type Of Material Biological samples 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This method will be primarily useful for producing planting stock for seed orchards to recover ash populations from ash dieback and other diseases and pests. It will also be ideal for research on pathology and genetics of ash, including pest and disease resistance as well as other traits. It makes genetic analysis of ash possible for the first time. 
 
Title PacBioHiFi genome sequence for Psylloides chrysocephala (cabbage stem flea beetle) 
Description Low input PacBio HiFi genome assemble from a single female of beetle Psylloides chrysocephala (cabbage stem flea beetle). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Use of sequencing technology has identified the possibility and future potential for genome sequencing of single non-clonal insects. This was only the third time such a genome library had been sequenced, the previous being two libraries for Bombus species with a 50% success rate and the first time a beetle has been sequenced in this manner. These data have been added to Hi-C data generated by Rothamsted to support genome assembly and this underpins further research now ongoing at JIC to look at other sequencing methodologies on controlled populations for variation identification. 
 
Title Psylloides chrysocephala CSFB Family B6 parental data 
Description ~30x PE Illumina sequence data for parents of the B6 controlled CSFB population 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Data is feeding into the development of our CSFB genome sequencing strategy 
 
Title Psylloides chrysocephala CSFB Family F1 ONT data 
Description ONT data generated from individual an polled F1 infividulas from the B6 population. Data used for Trio binning approach to determine quality genome sequence. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact Sequenced used to determine quality CFSB genome sequence for future research and porential for trio binning approach. Quality genomes have been produced. 
 
Description Calleva Centre Working Group 
Organisation Calleva Research Centre
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Co-applicant of the project and contributor to the discussion group
Collaborator Contribution Discussion and plan for legume research in the UK
Impact Establishment of a working group to support legume research
Start Year 2023
 
Description Evolutionary mechanisms that equip wild potato with disease resistance against the notorious late blight pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) 
Organisation Wageningen University & Research
Country Netherlands 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Recognising the disease To defend itself the first thing the plant has to do is detect the pathogen. "The plant has receptors for this, a kind of antennas. These bind tiny pieces of Phytophthora protein, which is the signal that something is wrong. This is when the defense responses kick in. So it is very important that the plant can actually detect the disease and has the right receptors in place to activate its defences", says Vleeshouwers. These receptors are located either inside or on the surface of the cell. Receptors inside the cell are encoded by specific R genes (R stands for resistance), and potato breeders take advantage of these. They develop resistant varieties by selecting for these R genes. However, the problem is that the pathogen manages to break through that resistance, time and again. "Much less is known about the receptors on the outside, on the cell surface, the Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs). These receptors drive more general immune responses," Vleeshouwers says. Plant breeders are currently focusing their attention on R genes, but there is still a gap to be filled in the fundamental understanding of PRRs before the potential applications and benefits of less specific defensive responses can be explored in breeding robust disease resistance. To this end, Wageningen University & Research is cooperating with the University of Tübingen (Germany) and The Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich (UK) to study the evolution and diversification of PRRs in potato.
Collaborator Contribution PERU Vleeshouwers explains, "We have been studying a specific type of PRR receptor called PERU. It binds a special piece of Phytophthora protein, Pep-13, which triggers the potato plant to recognise the disease. It was generally assumed that PRR receptors hardly change over time (a well-known example is the very stable receptor that recognises bacteria flagella). But we found that PERU actually exhibits dynamic evolution, and changes much faster than the more well-known PRR receptors. This is a totally new insight." According to co-research leader Thorsten Nürnberger of the Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP) at the University of Tübingen, the research results show that the evolution of immune receptors on the cell surface of plants is much more complex than we previously thought.
Impact Sustainable cultivation This insight into this type of receptors (with more to follow) paves the way for the sustainable potato of the future. This sustainable crop could have R genes encoding for specific receptors within the cells, plus enhanced general defensive responses using PRRs on the cell surface. "Before today, breeders focused on R genes. However, the resistance they offer is constantly being thwarted. By studying how wild potato species survive in an environment where they are constantly assailed by diseases, we can discover what mechanisms they use, and then introduce these mechanisms in our own potato varieties," Vleeshouwers concludes.
Start Year 2022
 
Description KALRO 
Organisation Kenya Agriculture & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)
Country Kenya 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Training of partners in MARPLE diagnostics methodology to genotype rust samples in near real-time.
Collaborator Contribution Surveillance for wheat rusts & samples for genotyping.
Impact First real-time data on rust genotypes currently in Kenya.
Start Year 2022
 
Description Potential for recovery of ashwoods following the ash dieback epidemic 
Organisation Natural England
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Genetic analysis of ash dieback resistance
Collaborator Contribution Ecology of ashwoods
Impact Future-Proofing Plant Health grant awarded by DEFRA
Start Year 2023
 
Description Potential for recovery of ashwoods following the ash dieback epidemic 
Organisation UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Genetic analysis of ash dieback resistance
Collaborator Contribution Ecology of ashwoods
Impact Future-Proofing Plant Health grant awarded by DEFRA
Start Year 2023
 
Description Recovery of UK elm populations from Dutch elm disease 
Organisation Forest Research
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Collection of genetic resources. Pathology experiments.
Collaborator Contribution Training in pathology experiments. Training in biology and ecology of DED.
Impact Future-Proofing Plant Health grant awarded by DEFRA Seed Sourcing Grant awarded by Forestry Commission
Start Year 2023
 
Description Recovery of UK elm populations from Dutch elm disease 
Organisation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Collection of genetic resources. Pathology experiments.
Collaborator Contribution Training in pathology experiments. Training in biology and ecology of DED.
Impact Future-Proofing Plant Health grant awarded by DEFRA Seed Sourcing Grant awarded by Forestry Commission
Start Year 2023
 
Description Recovery of UK elm populations from Dutch elm disease 
Organisation Warwickshire College
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collection of genetic resources. Pathology experiments.
Collaborator Contribution Training in pathology experiments. Training in biology and ecology of DED.
Impact Future-Proofing Plant Health grant awarded by DEFRA Seed Sourcing Grant awarded by Forestry Commission
Start Year 2023
 
Description Wheat Disease Early Warning Advisory System (Wheat DEWAS) 
Organisation International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT)
Country Mexico 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution CIMMYT has launched the Wheat Disease Early Warning Advisory System (Wheat DEWAS), funded through a $7.3 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the United Kingdom's Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, to enhance crop resilience to wheat diseases. Wheat DEWAS is designed to help safeguard wheat productivity and advance sustainable agricultural practices in collaboration with international partners, including researchers at the John Innes Centre, The Sainsbury Laboratory and GetGenome.
Collaborator Contribution Led by David Hodson from CIMMYT and Maricelis Acevedo from Cornell University, this ambitious project brings together a global team of experts. Professor Sophien Kamoun is particularly delighted to expand collaboration with CIMMYT and African scientists, developing and expanding the cutting-edge platforms for genomic surveillance of wheat pathogen. Open science and international collaborations were at the core of the successful tracing and identification of wheat blast clones after the devastating wheat disease spread to two other continents. By creating the website Open Wheat Blast, the rapid sharing of data was facilitated between researchers, which proved crucial for tracking wheat blast pathogens and ensured that all contributions were appropriately credited. This resulting publication was recently highlighted as an exemplary way of working with the Global South in an article calling for more collaborative authorship practices. GetGenome, a charitable initiative that aims to provide equitable access to genomic technologies, was inspired by these principles and is designed to enable open science and data sharing with contributions properly credited from the start.
Impact The combination of rapid identification of emerging variants together with pathotyping to assess the variants' potential to impact wheat production will inform the generation of a list of Variants of Concern. This valuable data will be shared with project partners and contribute to the deployment of effective disease management strategies.
Start Year 2023
 
Title Ash seed orchard 
Description We have planted the first part of a seed orchard of ash trees which are likely to have resistance to ash dieback. A minority of these 471 trees were propagated as grafts while the majority have been transplanted from heavily diseased areas where they displayed much lower than average ash dieback symptoms. (Transplanting was done with the permission of the landowner, of course.) The second half of the nursery, largely consisting of seedlings grown from resistant mother trees, will mostly be planted in winter 2024/25 with a small proportion remaining to be planted in winter 2025/26. The nursery forms part of the Wendling Beck Environment Project near Dereham, Norfolk, a pioneering habitat creation, nature restoration and regenerative farming project. 
Type Of Technology Physical Model/Kit 
Year Produced 2024 
Impact The seed orchard will be rogued annually for the next 8-10 years so that the remaining trees are selected for high resistance to ash dieback. These trees will then interbreed, producing large quantities of seed with high frequencies of ash dieback resistance genes for distribution to the public sector, community groups and the commercial forestry sector. Payment for seed by commercial producers will help to recoup the costs of planting the nursery. 
 
Description Bacterial Plant Diseases Final Projects' meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Bacterial Plant Diseases Final Projects' meeting, Manchester University, UK, 5-6 Ma '24. Presented a talk on BRIGIT.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://bacterialplantdiseases.uk
 
Description CIFAR's Fungal Kingdom: Threats & Opportunities (FKG) Meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact CIFAR's Fungal Kingdom: Threats & Opportunities Meeting
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description CIMMYT visitors week 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Attended CIMMYT visitor's week and provided a training workshop on career development for female researchers
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Conference presentation: Microbiology Society 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Microbiology Society Annual Conference
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Defra Programme Management Group meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Meeting with GIN leads, funders, government and external (BBSRC, Defra, AHDB) advisors, Defra Headquarters, Nobel House, London
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Defra Research Advisory Group meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Meeting with GIN leads, funders, research advisors and project officer, 8th June 2023, JIC
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description East Cambridge farmers group 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation to East Cambridge Farmer group
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description FraxNet conference, organised by Elizabeth Orton for AAB 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Conference on pests and diseases of ash internationally and recovery of ash populations in Europe and North America. Organised on behalf of Association of Applied Biologists.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Gatsby summer school 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact Presentation to the Gatsby Plant Science summer school
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description ICF Open Day at Holkham Estate 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Participation in Institute of Chartered Foresters Open Day at Holkham Hall.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description INRAE Rennes 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Visited Dr. Akiko Sugio and Dr. Jean-Christophe Simon, INRAE Rennes and presented a talk, 30 Jun - 1 Jul '23.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://igepp.rennes.hub.inrae.fr/listes-des-personnes/s/sugio-akiko
 
Description Invited presentation at NIAB Cambridge University Crop Science Seminar series 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited presentation at NIAB Cambridge University Crop Science Seminar series on 28th March, Title - Invited presentation at NIAB Cambridge University Crop Science Seminar series
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description JIC Breeders' Day 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact Breeders' Day, 7th June 2023, Dorothea de Winton station, JIC: Talk and plot demonstration. 'New horizons for pea'
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Open day for ICF at JIC 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation during Open Day for members of Institute of Chartered Foresters at JIC.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Predicting the Next Plant Disease Pandemic 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Attend discussion on Predicting the Next Plant Disease Pandemic
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Presentation at AgriTech Week 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited talk at AgriTech Week. The event title is 'Real-world solutions to tackle the impacts of climate change in East Anglia'.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Presentation at International Legume Society 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Main Presentation at International Legume Society, 22nd September 2023, Granada, Spain: Title - 'A repertoire of Pisum immune receptors supported the discovery of new downy mildew resistance'
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Presentation at PCGIN stakeholder meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact PCGIN stakeholder meeting, 15th February, 2024, University of Reading, UK. Main presentation: 'Genomic and genetic resources for enhanced disease resistance in pea'
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Presentation at PCGIN stakeholder meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact PCGIN stakeholder meeting, 15th February, 2024, University of Reading, UK. Flash presentation 'Pea root rot diagnosis by LAMP technology' - Alba Pacheco Moreno, Sanu Arora
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Presentation at UK Legume Research Community (UKLRC) meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact UK Legume Research Community (UKLRC) meeting, 14th February, 2024, University of Reading, UK: Main presentation 'Putting root rot on the spot: Characterising genetic sources of resistance against pea root diseases' - Nicolas Trenk, Jitender Cheema, Alba Pacheco-Moreno, David Gilbert, Jane Thomas*, Claire Domoney, Ellen Sizer-Coverdale**, Noel Ellis, Sanu Arora
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Presentation to Norfolk CC, DEFRA, farmers & others 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Talk about ash dieback and recovery from it to a tour party at Gorgate Farm, Wendling Beck Environment Project (Norfolk), organised by Norfolk County Council and including staff of other county councils (e.g. Cornwall, Kent), DEFRA, Norfolk farmers, environmental charities, etc.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Royla Society: UK-Brazil bilateral international meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation and participation in The Royal Society: UK-Brazil bilateral international meeting
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Seminar at Cambridge University 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Seminar at seminar series at Cambridge University
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Talk at SASPP conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Keynote presentation at the South African Society of Plant Pathology annual meeting
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Talk to Institute of Chartered Foresters 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Members Hour: talk on recovery of UK ash from ash dieback to members of Institute of Chartered Foresters
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Tunisia conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Talk at Tunisian conference on plant pathology
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
 
Description Visit to Processors and Growers Research Organisation 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Discussion about commercialising research activities and engagement with wider audience and future collaborations
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Workshop on germplasm evaluation 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation at a workshop on "Enhancing Wheat Disease Early Warning Systems, Germplasm Evaluation, Selection and Tools for Improving Wheat Breeding Pipelines"
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023