Immersed Finite Element Method for haemodynamic medical applications

The aim of this research is to develop a computational methodology, based on the Immersed Finite Element Method, whereby realistic three-dimensional haemodynamic simulations can be carried out. With this methodology, the complex interaction of a viscous incompressible fluid, such as blood, with a viscoelastic structural membrane, such as human tissue or bi-leaflet or tri-leaflet artificial heart valves, can be computationally modelled in an efficient and robust manner. Highly localised areas of mesh distortion and interpenetration issues between different membrane components, arising from the opening and closure of valves, can be tackled within the methodology. One of the six key objectives of the Department of Health (DH) is 'to improve and protect the health of the population...by securing further reductions in early deaths from coronary heart disease'. It has been shown that further research is essential in tackling the increasing challenges that coronary diseases place on our society. According to the DH, 'the Government is determined to make the UK the best place in the world for health research, development and innovation'. Haemodynamic computational simulation is a fundamental tool from which researchers can gain a better understanding of functional, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of blood flow. The development of this technique could lead to improvements in the early recognition or prediction of heart muscle failure and a better understanding of atherosclerosis and associated problems. It could also facilitate the design of medical devices such as artificial heart valves and coronary stents.