UK Fusion Programme 2008-2010
Lead Research Organisation:
CCFE/UKAEA
Abstract
Fusion is the main energy source of the universe; it is the process that powers the sun and the stars. If it can be harnessed economically on earth, it has the potential to be an important component of the portfolio of measures needed to ensure a secure, environmentally responsible, supply of energy, at a time when fossil fuels will be becoming increasingly expensive. There is increasing realisation of this potential as reflected by the launch of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, being built in France, which will be the first fusion device to achieve energy gain and sustained burn.In a fusion reaction, large amounts of energy are released when the nuclei of two light atoms fuse together at extremely high temperatures to create a nucleus of a larger atom. In the most promising way to achieve these conditions on earth, strong magnetic fields in a tokamak configuration are used to control and confine the high temperature plasma.UKAEA's Culham Science Centre in Oxfordshire is one of the world's leading fusion research centres, and contributes to fusion research in two ways: (i) through the UK's own programme focused on the spherical tokamak experiment MAST, and (ii) by contributing to the Joint European Torus (JET) programme. International co-operation is strong with the focus on the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER). EURATOM part-funds all national programmes in Europe including the UK's.Experimental programmes on the MAST and JET tokamaks are performed to help resolve and refine understanding of key physics issues for ITER. In addition, experimental programmes on MAST focus on testing the potential of the spherical tokamak as a more compact option for future fusion devices. A strong theory and modelling group, utilising parallel- and super-computing facilities, supports the experimental programmes and contributes to the research and development of fusion materials and to studies of conceptual fusion power stations. The UK leads the research and development of two ITER specialist (diagnostic and heating) systems, and participates in several others of these large complex projects.The results of the research are presented in reports and publications, and at conferences, expert groups and specialist committees. Collaborations with researchers in other areas of science and technology are pursued strongly, where the research overlaps with fusion R&D, and increasingly there are fusion researchers in universities with whom UKAEA works.The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the European Commission fund, provide advice and monitor the UK fusion programme (some of the European funding / for work on ITER systems - is now channelled through the new Fusion for Energy Agency in Barcelona). The Fusion Advisory Board (FAB) advises EPSRC and UKAEA on the programme and on the longer-term strategy for fusion research at Culham; FAB receives reports from the MAST Programme Advisory Committee, a sub-group on ITER and industry, and an annual UK Fusion Materials Forum.
Organisations
Publications
LI G
(2009)
Local structure variations in Al89La6Ni5 metallic glass
in Acta Materialia
Tesch K
(2009)
Heat and mass transfer in air-fed pressurised suits
in Applied Thermal Engineering
Yousef T
(2008)
Numerical experiments on dynamo action in sheared and rotating turbulence
in Astronomische Nachrichten
Aggarwal K
(2009)
Electron impact excitation of Kr XXXII
in Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables
Aggarwal K
(2010)
Energy levels and radiative rates for transitions in B-like to F-like Xe ions (Xe L-XLVI)
in Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables
Aggarwal K
(2008)
Energy levels and radiative rates for transitions in B-like to F-like Kr ions (Kr XXXII-XXVIII)
in Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables
I Cook (Author)
(2008)
'DEMO' and the route to fusion power
in ATW-International Journal for Nuclear Power
Peacock N
(2008)
Anticipated X-ray and VUV spectroscopic data from ITERwith appropriate diagnostic instrumentation
in Canadian Journal of Physics
Nicholls R
(2009)
The effect of structural changes on ELNES for C 60
in Chemical Physics Letters
Nguyen-Manh D
(2008)
The Fe-Cr system: atomistic modelling of thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformations
in Comptes Rendus Physique
Nordlund K
(2008)
Interatomic potentials for simulating radiation damage effects in metals
in Comptes Rendus Physique
Boutard J
(2008)
Foreword
in Comptes Rendus Physique
Dudarev S
(2008)
The non-Arrhenius migration of interstitial defects in bcc transition metals
in Comptes Rendus Physique
Nguyen-Manh D
(2008)
Ab initio and Monte Carlo modeling in Fe-Cr system: Magnetic origin of anomalous thermodynamic and kinetic properties
in Computational Materials Science
Pereverzev G
(2008)
Stable numeric scheme for diffusion equation with a stiff transport
in Computer Physics Communications
Porro S
(2009)
Nanocrystalline diamond coating of fusion plasma facing components
in Diamond and Related Materials
Llewellyn Smith C
(2008)
Fusion
in Energy Policy
Tesch K
(2009)
Determining heat transfer coefficients using evolutionary algorithms
in Engineering Optimization
Martin J
(2008)
Modelling dust transport in tokamaks
in EPL (Europhysics Letters)
Andrew Y
(2008)
Evolution of the radial electric field in a JET H-mode plasma
in EPL (Europhysics Letters)
Hirai T
(2008)
Thermal load testing of erosion-monitoring beryllium marker tile for the ITER-Like Wall Project at JET
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Vrancken M
(2009)
Scattering-matrix arc detection on the JET ITER-like ICRH antenna
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Pampin R
(2008)
Analysis of near-term fusion power plant designs from the material management stance
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Muir D
(2008)
MAST's Integrated Data Access Management system: IDAM
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Karditsas P
(2009)
Design issues and implications for structural integrity of fusion power plant components
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Jacquinot J
(2009)
Progress on the heating and current drive systems for ITER
in Fusion Engineering and Design
McArdle G
(2008)
Adaptation of the MAST passive current simulation model for real-time plasma control
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Lattanzi D
(2009)
Single crystal CVD diamonds as neutron detectors at JET
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Castro R
(2008)
PAPI based federation as a test-bed for a common security infrastructure in EFDA sites
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Simakov S
(2008)
Activation of the IFMIF prototype accelerator and beam dump by deuterons and protons
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Titarev V
(2009)
Computational modelling of the IFMIF lithium target
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Ruset C
(2009)
Industrial scale 10µmW coating of CFC tiles for ITER-like Wall Project at JET
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Avrigeanu M
(2009)
Analysis of deuteron elastic scattering and induced activation cross-sections of light and medium nuclei for IFMIF EVEDA
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Forrest R
(2008)
Detailed analysis of (n,p) and (n,a) cross sections in the EAF-2007 and TALYS-generated libraries
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Hamlyn-Harris C
(2009)
Engineering design of an RF vacuum window for the ITER ICRH antenna
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Uytdenhouwen I
(2009)
Preliminary assessment of possible carbide formation on Be and T contaminated CFC tiles from JET
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Storrs J
(2008)
An XML-based configuration system for MAST PCS
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Bekris N
(2008)
Ex-situ tritium removal from JET tiles using RF inductive heating
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Surrey E
(2008)
A beam profile monitor for IFMIF
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Patel K
(2009)
Optically transmissive window on ITER port cell door
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Mertens P
(2009)
A bulk tungsten divertor row for the outer strike point in JET
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Rincón E
(2009)
Thermal and hydraulic analysis of the cooling system for the ITER equatorial port plugs
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Mattei M
(2009)
ITER operational space for full plasma current H-mode operation
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Li-Puma A
(2008)
The MK III actively cooled duct liner for the JET neutral beam line: Thermo-mechanical performance and lifetime estimation
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Neto A
(2009)
Linux real-time framework for fusion devices
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Durodié F
(2009)
Commissioning of the ITER-like ICRF antenna for JET
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Zucchetti M
(2008)
An integrated approach to the back-end of the fusion materials cycle
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Wilson P
(2008)
State-of-the-art 3-D radiation transport methods for fusion energy systems
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Shibaev S
(2008)
Software for fast cameras and image handling on MAST
in Fusion Engineering and Design
| Description | Fusion research is focused on ITER (the international experiment being built in France) followed by a demonstration power station (DEMO). The Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) is a world-leading fusion research centre. Some highlights from the last two years are summarised below (many the result of collaborations with universities and overseas laboratories). Additional information is in Annual Reports (http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/annual_reports.aspx). Reacting plasmas: The UK programme, funded by EPSRC and EURATOM, is focused on the MAST experiment. Physics studies benefited from high power heating systems and improvements to diagnostics. A major upgrade to the system to measure temperature and density profiles (part funded by York University) was completed and provides unmatched spatial resolution. Important progress from both MAST, and the linked Theory and Modelling programme, has been made in several key areas directly relevant to optimising ITER performance:- energy confinement, enabling more reliable prediction of plasma performance in future devices; control of potentially damaging instabilities; improved understanding of performance limiting core and edge plasma instabilities; gas injection to mitigate the effects of rapid plasma terminations (disruptions), etc. CCFE has contributed to the European JET programme, with notable achievements including operation at high power and current, and substantial progress in scenarios that are suitable for steady state operation in ITER. The EPSRC grant pays the UK contribution to JET operation. Materials: Work included: development of techniques for modelling iron-chromium alloys in the high-temperature limit; modelling of steels and tungsten to compare with experimental data from Oxford University; Ion Beam Analysis measurements of erosion, deposition and hydrogen-isotope retention in tiles removed from the JET tokamak. ITER Systems: CCFE has secured lead roles in two major grants to develop ITER heating systems, and leads a consortium to bid for the LIDAR temperature and density measurement system. CCFE has smaller roles in several other areas. Optimised power plants: Work has concentrated on a detailed assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of pulsed and steady-state DEMOs. Several clear advantages in a steady-state device were identified, however the potential simplification in a pulsed device (greatly reduced need for current drive) is a significant counter-advantage. Conceptual design studies of a spherical tokamak Component Test Facility have continued. A big challenge for any fusion system is dealing with the large exhaust power from burning plasmas. One novel promising option, for both DEMO and CTF, which will be part of the MAST upgrade, is the "Super-X" expanded divertor. Major upgrade to MAST: the design has been developed. The purpose is to give higher performance, longer pulse plasmas allowing definitive tests of the physics of an ST-based CTF, and more exacting studies of ITER physics. In late 2009, RCUK reviewed UK fusion research and following this EPSRC approved funding for the upgrade. In addition CCFE has promoted industry involvement in fusion and significantly assisted UK companies in winning ITER business, increased university involvement (e.g. PhDs), and developed its skills-base for an increased emphasis on technology as recommended by the RCUK review. |
| Exploitation Route | In addition CCFE has promoted industry involvement in fusion and significantly assisted UK companies in winning ITER business, increased university involvement (e.g. PhDs), and developed its skills-base for an increased emphasis on technology as recommended by the RCUK review. |
| Sectors | Energy |
| URL | http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/annual_reports.aspx |
| Description | As well as its long term task, developing fusion power, CCFE has promoted industry involvement in fusion. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2008 |
| Sector | Energy |
| Impact Types | Economic |