UK Fusion Programme 2008-2010
Lead Research Organisation:
CCFE/UKAEA
Department Name: Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
Abstract
Fusion is the main energy source of the universe; it is the process that powers the sun and the stars. If it can be harnessed economically on earth, it has the potential to be an important component of the portfolio of measures needed to ensure a secure, environmentally responsible, supply of energy, at a time when fossil fuels will be becoming increasingly expensive. There is increasing realisation of this potential as reflected by the launch of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, being built in France, which will be the first fusion device to achieve energy gain and sustained burn.In a fusion reaction, large amounts of energy are released when the nuclei of two light atoms fuse together at extremely high temperatures to create a nucleus of a larger atom. In the most promising way to achieve these conditions on earth, strong magnetic fields in a tokamak configuration are used to control and confine the high temperature plasma.UKAEA's Culham Science Centre in Oxfordshire is one of the world's leading fusion research centres, and contributes to fusion research in two ways: (i) through the UK's own programme focused on the spherical tokamak experiment MAST, and (ii) by contributing to the Joint European Torus (JET) programme. International co-operation is strong with the focus on the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER). EURATOM part-funds all national programmes in Europe including the UK's.Experimental programmes on the MAST and JET tokamaks are performed to help resolve and refine understanding of key physics issues for ITER. In addition, experimental programmes on MAST focus on testing the potential of the spherical tokamak as a more compact option for future fusion devices. A strong theory and modelling group, utilising parallel- and super-computing facilities, supports the experimental programmes and contributes to the research and development of fusion materials and to studies of conceptual fusion power stations. The UK leads the research and development of two ITER specialist (diagnostic and heating) systems, and participates in several others of these large complex projects.The results of the research are presented in reports and publications, and at conferences, expert groups and specialist committees. Collaborations with researchers in other areas of science and technology are pursued strongly, where the research overlaps with fusion R&D, and increasingly there are fusion researchers in universities with whom UKAEA works.The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the European Commission fund, provide advice and monitor the UK fusion programme (some of the European funding / for work on ITER systems - is now channelled through the new Fusion for Energy Agency in Barcelona). The Fusion Advisory Board (FAB) advises EPSRC and UKAEA on the programme and on the longer-term strategy for fusion research at Culham; FAB receives reports from the MAST Programme Advisory Committee, a sub-group on ITER and industry, and an annual UK Fusion Materials Forum.
Organisations
Publications
Liang Y
(2009)
Active control of edge localized modes with a low n perturbation fields in the JET tokamak
in Journal of Nuclear Materials
Simakov S
(2008)
Activation of the IFMIF prototype accelerator and beam dump by deuterons and protons
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Brix M
(2008)
Accuracy of EFIT equilibrium reconstruction with internal diagnostic information at JET.
in The Review of scientific instruments
De Bock MF
(2008)
Ab initio modeling of the motional Stark effect on MAST.
in The Review of scientific instruments
Nguyen-Manh D
(2008)
Ab initio and Monte Carlo modeling in Fe-Cr system: Magnetic origin of anomalous thermodynamic and kinetic properties
in Computational Materials Science
Manduchi G
(2008)
A universal access layer for the Integrated Tokamak Modelling Task Force
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Moreau D
(2008)
A two-time-scale dynamic-model approach for magnetic and kinetic profile control in advanced tokamak scenarios on JET
in Nuclear Fusion
Liu Y
(2009)
A rigorous approach to study kinetic and 3D effects on resistive wall mode
in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
Biewer TM
(2008)
A proposed in-vessel calibration light source for the Joint European Torus.
in The Review of scientific instruments
Bonheure G
(2009)
A novel method for trace tritium transport studies
in Nuclear Fusion
Hole M
(2009)
A modulation model for mode splitting of magnetic perturbations in the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak
in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
Crowley B
(2009)
A Langmuir probe system incorporating the Boyd-Twiddy method for EEDF measurement applied to an inductively coupled plasma source
in Plasma Sources Science and Technology
Hole MJ
(2009)
A high resolution Mirnov array for the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak.
in The Review of scientific instruments
Rubinacci G
(2009)
A fast technique applied to the analysis of Resistive Wall Modes with 3D conducting structures
in Journal of Computational Physics
Borisenko K
(2009)
A concerted rational crystallization/amorphization mechanism of Ge2Sb2Te5
in Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Kirk A
(2009)
A comparison of H-mode pedestal characteristics in MAST as a function of magnetic configuration and ELM type
in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
Craciunescu T
(2009)
A comparison of four reconstruction methods for JET neutron and gamma tomography
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Mertens P
(2009)
A bulk tungsten divertor row for the outer strike point in JET
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Surrey E
(2008)
A beam profile monitor for IFMIF
in Fusion Engineering and Design
Istenic M
(2008)
A 1-MV Magnetically Insulated Tesla Transformer
in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Tamain P
(2009)
3D modelling of edge parallel flow asymmetries
in Journal of Nuclear Materials
Stork D
(2009)
22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference: summary of contributions on Fusion Technology and ITER Activities
in Nuclear Fusion
Connor J
(2009)
13th EU-US Transport Task Force Workshop on transport in fusion plasmas
in Nuclear Fusion
I Cook (Author)
(2008)
'DEMO' and the route to fusion power
in ATW-International Journal for Nuclear Power
Description | Fusion research is focused on ITER (the international experiment being built in France) followed by a demonstration power station (DEMO). The Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) is a world-leading fusion research centre. Some highlights from the last two years are summarised below (many the result of collaborations with universities and overseas laboratories). Additional information is in Annual Reports (http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/annual_reports.aspx). Reacting plasmas: The UK programme, funded by EPSRC and EURATOM, is focused on the MAST experiment. Physics studies benefited from high power heating systems and improvements to diagnostics. A major upgrade to the system to measure temperature and density profiles (part funded by York University) was completed and provides unmatched spatial resolution. Important progress from both MAST, and the linked Theory and Modelling programme, has been made in several key areas directly relevant to optimising ITER performance:- energy confinement, enabling more reliable prediction of plasma performance in future devices; control of potentially damaging instabilities; improved understanding of performance limiting core and edge plasma instabilities; gas injection to mitigate the effects of rapid plasma terminations (disruptions), etc. CCFE has contributed to the European JET programme, with notable achievements including operation at high power and current, and substantial progress in scenarios that are suitable for steady state operation in ITER. The EPSRC grant pays the UK contribution to JET operation. Materials: Work included: development of techniques for modelling iron-chromium alloys in the high-temperature limit; modelling of steels and tungsten to compare with experimental data from Oxford University; Ion Beam Analysis measurements of erosion, deposition and hydrogen-isotope retention in tiles removed from the JET tokamak. ITER Systems: CCFE has secured lead roles in two major grants to develop ITER heating systems, and leads a consortium to bid for the LIDAR temperature and density measurement system. CCFE has smaller roles in several other areas. Optimised power plants: Work has concentrated on a detailed assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of pulsed and steady-state DEMOs. Several clear advantages in a steady-state device were identified, however the potential simplification in a pulsed device (greatly reduced need for current drive) is a significant counter-advantage. Conceptual design studies of a spherical tokamak Component Test Facility have continued. A big challenge for any fusion system is dealing with the large exhaust power from burning plasmas. One novel promising option, for both DEMO and CTF, which will be part of the MAST upgrade, is the "Super-X" expanded divertor. Major upgrade to MAST: the design has been developed. The purpose is to give higher performance, longer pulse plasmas allowing definitive tests of the physics of an ST-based CTF, and more exacting studies of ITER physics. In late 2009, RCUK reviewed UK fusion research and following this EPSRC approved funding for the upgrade. In addition CCFE has promoted industry involvement in fusion and significantly assisted UK companies in winning ITER business, increased university involvement (e.g. PhDs), and developed its skills-base for an increased emphasis on technology as recommended by the RCUK review. |
Exploitation Route | In addition CCFE has promoted industry involvement in fusion and significantly assisted UK companies in winning ITER business, increased university involvement (e.g. PhDs), and developed its skills-base for an increased emphasis on technology as recommended by the RCUK review. |
Sectors | Energy |
URL | http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/annual_reports.aspx |
Description | As well as its long term task, developing fusion power, CCFE has promoted industry involvement in fusion. |
First Year Of Impact | 2008 |
Sector | Energy |
Impact Types | Economic |