Micro- and nano-patterning of titanium surfaces for optimal osseointegration of orthopaedic implants
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Glasgow
Department Name: Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences
Abstract
Currently, orthopaedic surgeons are limited to the type of materials they can use in load bearing joint replacements (e.g. knee and hip) due to the need to support the weight and function of the body. Commonly used are titanium (Ti) and its alloys. Such procedures, however, have a limited lifespan due to a combination of lack of direct bone contact with the metal exacerbated by soft tissue formation; this allows micromotion and ultimately failure. Surgeons face a mounting pressure due to firstly an aging population (in the developed world in 1950, there were 9.3 people under 20 for every person over 65, by 2025 this ratio is forecast to be 0.59 people under 20 for every person older than 65) and associated problems of rheumatoid arthritis and secondly a more sports active younger populations and problems associated with osteoarthritis. Due to the present lifespan of these procedures (The 10 year failure rate for revision hip surgery was 26% in a Norwegian study of 4762 operations) patients will have to wait longer with pain before surgeons will consider operations. The metals are hard to work with due their material properties and so success to date with surface treatments to encourage direct bone growth and hence develop implants for life have been limited.We have recently demonstrated that specific nanoscale cues in the topography of a material surface can mean the difference between stem cell differentiation to bone and stem cell differentiation to fibrous tissue. Furthermore, we believe that this is merely an introduction to the range of effects obtainable through nanoscale design. That such small alterations in the material surface can have such large effects on stem cells makes it clear that nanoscale design could have significant impact in the rational design of orthopaedic biomaterials. Crucial issues for the development of 'intelligent' orthopaedic biomaterials such as bioactive load-bearing stems are: (1) ability to pattern into suitable materials (e.g. Ti) this has not previously been achieved other than using non-specific and random roughening, (2) achieving both mechanical interdigitation (microfeatures) and direct bone bonding (nanocues and microcues) and (3) generating prototype designs using this technology, which will permit the scale-up and development by industry thereby significantly impacting and benefiting patient health.
People |
ORCID iD |
| Matthew Dalby (Principal Investigator) | |
| Robert Meek (Co-Investigator) |
Publications
Alakpa EV
(2017)
Nacre Topography Produces Higher Crystallinity in Bone than Chemically Induced Osteogenesis.
in ACS nano
Orapiriyakul W
(2018)
Antibacterial surface modification of titanium implants in orthopaedics.
in Journal of tissue engineering
Waddell SJ
(2018)
Biomimetic oyster shell-replicated topography alters the behaviour of human skeletal stem cells.
in Journal of tissue engineering
Hay JJ
(2018)
Bacteria-Based Materials for Stem Cell Engineering.
in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
Damiati L
(2018)
Impact of surface topography and coating on osteogenesis and bacterial attachment on titanium implants.
in Journal of tissue engineering
Mas-Moruno C
(2019)
Multifunctional Coatings and Nanotopographies: Toward Cell Instructive and Antibacterial Implants.
in Advanced healthcare materials
Huethorst E
(2019)
Customizable, engineered substrates for rapid screening of cellular cues
Huethorst E
(2020)
Customizable, engineered substrates for rapid screening of cellular cues.
in Biofabrication
Robertson SN
(2020)
Reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation through the application of nanoscale vibration.
in Journal of bioscience and bioengineering
Cantini M
(2020)
The Plot Thickens: The Emerging Role of Matrix Viscosity in Cell Mechanotransduction.
in Advanced healthcare materials
Ishak MI
(2024)
Nanotextured titanium inhibits bacterial activity and supports cell growth on 2D and 3D substrate: A co-culture study.
in Biomaterials advances
| Description | We have for many years investigated nanopatterns to control bone cell development - but this has always been in plastics. In order to make the patterns interesting to orthopaedic surgeons the patterns need to be in titanium. Hence, this project focussed on patterning titanium with osteogenic nanopatterns. |
| Exploitation Route | Design of new implants. |
| Sectors | Healthcare Manufacturing including Industrial Biotechology |
| Description | We have moved this work forwards to also focus on anti-bacterial coatings using nanotopography. We have also, as part of an MRC award, taken our patterning in titanium throught to in vivo testing that has been successful. This will help us to collaborate with orthopaedic manufacturers. The work has also helped us to engage industry as part of our recently awarded Centre for Doctoral Training looking at 3D tissue models for drug discovery and where there is interest in cell friendly anti-microbials. |
| Sector | Healthcare,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology |
| Impact Types | Societal Economic |
| Description | Glasgow Orthopaedic Research Initiative |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Description | training of practioners and researchers |
| Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Description | training of practioners and researchers |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Description | Dr M.P. Tsimbouri was awarded a Welcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund (ISSF) to studdy "Metabolite identification and targeting between normal and cancerous cells on titanium surfaces" |
| Amount | £5,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Glasgow |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 05/2019 |
| End | 12/2019 |
| Description | Engineering growth factor microenvironments - a new therapeutic paradigm for regenerative medicine |
| Amount | £3,661,144 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | EP/P001114/1 |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2016 |
| End | 09/2022 |
| Title | Antibacterial topography |
| Description | We have generated titanium topographies that can support human cell growth but that kill bacteria for use in orthopaedic implants or as a cell assay tool. |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2015 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | NA |
| Description | Collaboration with Anacail (Spin off) |
| Organisation | Anacail Ltd |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | We have stabilized a collaboration with Anacail to sterilize protein coating preserving the bioactivity. This will allow the commercialization of future implants in sterilize conditions. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The have been performing the sterilization of the samples and given ideas. |
| Impact | We have been able to find a range of doses to preserve the bioactivity of the big protein coatings and sterilize the samples at the same time. In the future we are going to be working towards finding the right amount of doses to preserve the bioactivity of smaller molecules (such as growth factors). |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Souhtampton Collaboration |
| Organisation | University of Southampton |
| Department | Bone and Joint Research Group |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | This is a long term collaboration where cells, materials and expertise are shared to drive research |
| Collaborator Contribution | This is a long term collaboration where cells, materials and expertise are shared to drive research |
| Impact | A large number of papers, grants and IP. |
| Description | 'Implantology' for Meet the Expert event at Glasgow Science Centre |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I designed and delivered activities with a group of colleagues, and we discussed elements of cell biology and the science behind biomedical implants with many different age-groups and with varying experience of science. After this event, I undertook additional public engagement training at the Glasgow Science Centre, and people commented that the event sparked their interest in this field. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | 29th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Biomaterials, 9-13 September 2018, Maastricht, the Netherlands |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Ms Laila Damiati attended the 29th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Biomaterials, 9-13 September 2018, Maastricht, the Netherlands and had an Oral presentation. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | BORS |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | We organised the British Orthopedic Society annual conference in Glasgow. The conference sparked discussion after every talk and new collaborations were initiated between research and clinical groups. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Biomaterials seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Ms Laila Damiati gave a talk at the local Biomaterials seminar session on 15/05/2018 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Bright Club (stand-up comedy to convey research) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I performed stand-up comedy about my research to an audience of 120 on the night of the event, and the performance has been viewed another 477 times on YouTube, including overseas. The performance sparked interest and discussion about regenerative medicine. I have been contacted by members of the public and other researchers who saw my performance at the event or via YouTube and became interested in my research, and the University Entrepreneur-in-Residence, who asked me to perform at another event. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Cell block science |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Presented at prisoner outreach day at HMP Shotts |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Conference attendance-RSC Biomaterials Chemistry Annual Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Ms Laila Damiati delivered an oral presentation at the RSC Biomaterials Chemistry Annual Conference, Liverpool, UK. "Role of nanotopography and bioactive coated 2D/ 3D titanium lattices on mesenchymal stem cells and Pseudomonas aeruginosa behaviour" There was discussion and chance of networking post presentation. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Conference attendance: TERMIS EU 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Ms Laila Damiati delivered an oral presentation at the TERMIS EU 2019, Rhodes, Greece. "Engineered bioactive coatings for 2D/3D titanium implants to enhance osteogenesis and reduce biofilm formation" The conference was very interesting and conversation with other scientists led to new ideas. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Conference organisation CCE-GLORI 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | The local CCE-GLORI workshop is organised by Dr Monica P. Tsimbouri every year. It is a workshop where postgraduate students present their work to their peers and supervisors and discussion then follows the talks. This is highly beneficial to students and promotes collaboration. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Conference organisation-GLORI2020 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Dr Monica P. Tsimbouri organises GLORI bi-annually. This conference encourages collaboration between the basic sciences, applied sciences, engineering and clinic. This has the aim of bringing the latest ideas in basic materials research into use to deliver the next-generation of orthopaedic care. It combines expertise from orthopaedic surgeons, plastic surgeons, biologists, engineers and chemists. The conference is free for attendance and involves oral and poster presentations from professionals, scientists, clinicians and postgraduate students. It is always well attended. It is sponsored by industry who are also involved in the conference. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Conference talk |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation by Dr PM Tsimbouri about osteogenic and Bactericidal effects of Ti nanowires. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Debate on stem cell ethics |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Presentations and panel stimulated discussion with attendees. There were articles written after the event by Oxbridge Biotech Roundtable and the Humanist Society, and I was contacted some time afterwards by a member of the public who was interested in stem cell therapy. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| URL | http://www.oxbridgebiotech.com/review/featured/obr-glasgow-the-ethical-issues-surrounding-stem-cell-... |
| Description | Dr PM Tsimbouri Tissue and Cell Engineering Society Conference, 2-4 July 2018, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Dr PM Tsimbouri attended the Tissue and Cell Engineering Society Conference, 2-4 July 2018, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK and had a Poster presentation |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017,2018 |
| Description | GLORI conference organisation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Planning and Organisation of Dr Monica P Tsimbouri the scientific mentor of the Glasgow Orthopaedic Research Initiative (GLORI). GLORI has been established to encourage collaboration between the basic sciences, applied sciences, engineering and clinic. This has the aim of bringing the latest ideas in basic materials research into use to deliver the next-generation of orthopaedic care. It combines expertise from orthopaedic surgeons, biologists, engineers and chemists not only from Glasgow and Strathclyde Universities but the rest of Scotland too and also with the view to expand to the rest of the UK. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | GLORI-2018 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | National orthopedic conference in Glasgow where about 60 audience attended. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Invited talk at Monklands Hospital, Glasgow |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Dr P.M. Tsimbouri was invited by a Clinical colleague to give a talk at the Monklands Hospital. Clinical staff from different backgrounds but especially immunology and microbiology were particularly interested in our work. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Media interest BBC (nanokicking) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked public interest Many interested enquirers. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Media interest BBC (orthopaedic materials) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Sparked public interest Enquieries from the public |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Media interest BBC (stem cell growth) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked public interest Enquieries from the public |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Mentoring school pupils on laboratory placements |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | The pupils gained lab experience and performed some research, and this sparked their interest in scientific careers and Biology, and led to scientific discussion. The pupils presented the results of their study at a national meeting with other Nuffield Foundation bursary pupils and invited guests. The Nuffield Foundation has continued to send pupils to our laboratory on lab placements. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Nanotoxicology Meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Invited talk for the Naotoxicology Society |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Poster presentation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Layla Damiati presented a poster at GLORI2018 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Poster presentation-Euro Biofilm 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Ms Laila Damiati presented poster at the Euro Biofilm 2019, Glasgow, UK. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing signal molecules interfere with human mesenchymal stem cells on bioactive coated 2D/3D titanium implants" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Poster presentation: 30th annual conference of the European society of biomaterials |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Ms Laila Damiati presentated a poster at the 30th annual conference of the European society of biomaterials, Dresden, Germany. "Bioengineered nontopographical coating to drive osteointegration and reduce implant infection" A lot of interest was expressed. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | RSC Biomaterials Chemistry Annual Conference 2019, 9-11 January 2019, Liverpool, UK |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Ms Laila Damiati attaended the RSC Biomaterials Chemistry Annual Conference 2019, 9-11 January 2019, Liverpool, UK and had an Oral presentation. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Royal Society of Chemistry Biomaterials Meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Conference presentation |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | SSN invited talk |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Dr P. M. Tsimbouri was invited to present the use of nanotopography on Titanium orthopedic implants and the use of Nanokicking Bioreactor for bone regeneration and also as a tool for the descovery of metabolic targets in bone cancer for pharma. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | School visit (Lenzie Academy) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Talk led to questions and discussion about careers in Biology After my talk, the school asked me to be involved in another event (as a judge for their science fair) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | School visit (Lenzie Academy) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Talk led to questions and discussion about careers in Biology After the talk, the school asked for another talk the following year as they thought it had been successful. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | School visit (careers talk in Bishopbriggs Academy) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Talk stimulated questions and discussion with pupils. I was invited by the Society of Biology to give this careers talk and was asked to participate in future events. The school noted that the event was a success in stimulating thinking and discussion about careers in Biology. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | School visit (judging research poster competition for school Science Fair - Lenzie Academy) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Pupils were interested in research and scientific discussion. The school asked me to participate in further activities. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Scottish Metabolomics Network |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Invited talk |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | TCES 2010 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
| Type Of Presentation | paper presentation |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Dr Monica P Tsimbouri. exiting discussion after talk Interested parties continued discussion |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | TCES 2012 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
| Type Of Presentation | paper presentation |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Dr P Tsimbouri. talk sparked questions and discussion afterwards Engagement with company Reps and received very good discount on equipment. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | TERMIS EU 2011 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
| Type Of Presentation | paper presentation |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Dr Monica P Tsimbouri. Talk sparked questions and discussion afterwards There was further discussion during a later session about my talk |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | Talk at GLORI2018 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Dr Monica P Tsimbouri delivered a talk on behalf of Prof Dalby at GLORI2018 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | UKSB |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
| Type Of Presentation | paper presentation |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Dr M. P. Tsimbouri. Interesting discussion following presentation Discussion lead to problem solving for a fellow scientist |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | school workshop: Bones and bone cells, 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Dr P.M. Tsimbouri has organised a full day workshop for P5,P6 and P7 school pupils at the Milngavie primary school. The workshop involves presentation slides and Q/A session with the children about the skeleton, bones and bone cells. This followed by hands on experience looking at fixed cells using bright field microscopes. The children were given colour-in pages and also word searches to take home. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015,2017 |
| Description | seminar talk |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Dr P.M. Tsimbouri presented an update of her work on osteogenic and bactericidal properties of Titanium nanosurfaces at the local Biomaterials seminars series. The talk sparked questions and discussion. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |