Network Coded Modulation for Next Generation Wireless Access Networks
Lead Research Organisation:
University of York
Department Name: Electronics
Abstract
In view of the rapid increase in demand for mobile data services, next generation wireless access networks will have to provide greatly increased capacity density, up to 10 Gbps per square kilometre. This will require a much larger density of very small, cheap and energy-efficient base stations, and will place increasing demand on the bandwidth and energy efficiency of the network, and especially the backhaul network. Recent work on network MIMO, or coordinated multipoint (CoMP) has shown that by ensuring base stations cooperate to serve users, especially those close to cell edge, rather than interferring with one another, inter-user interference can be effectively eliminated, greatly increasing the efficiency of the network, in terms of both spectrum and energy. However this tends to greatly increase the backhaul load.
This work proposes a form of wireless network coding, called network coded modulation, as an alternative to conventional CoMP. This also enables base station cooperation, but instead of sending multiple separate information flows to each base station, flows are combined using network coding, which in principle allows cooperation with no increase in backhaul load compared to non-cooperative transmission, while gaining very similar advantages to CoMP in terms of bandwidth and energy efficiency.
The objective of the proposed work is to establish the practical feasibility of this approach, and evaluate its benefits, as applied to next generation wireless access networks. To this end it will develop practical signalling schemes, network coordination and management protocols, and, with the help of industrial collaborators, will ensure compatibility with developing wireless standards.
This work proposes a form of wireless network coding, called network coded modulation, as an alternative to conventional CoMP. This also enables base station cooperation, but instead of sending multiple separate information flows to each base station, flows are combined using network coding, which in principle allows cooperation with no increase in backhaul load compared to non-cooperative transmission, while gaining very similar advantages to CoMP in terms of bandwidth and energy efficiency.
The objective of the proposed work is to establish the practical feasibility of this approach, and evaluate its benefits, as applied to next generation wireless access networks. To this end it will develop practical signalling schemes, network coordination and management protocols, and, with the help of industrial collaborators, will ensure compatibility with developing wireless standards.
Planned Impact
Access to the Internet via high-speed communications links, especially mobile access, has many times been identified by Government as a major driver of economic growth. Moreover the lack of this in sections of the population, often described as "digital exclusion", is recognised as a cause of persistent poverty. The demand for mobile data is known to be increasing at a rate between 70 and 100% per year, and it is important for networks to keep pace with this demand to avoid congestion which might stifle growth.
In this context the proposed programme has the potential to impact significantly upon all users of mobile communications - that is, nearly everyone, in this country and worldwide. By enabling cost-effective access networks with greatly increased capacity density it will enable much wider access to existing Internet services, and also stimulate the growth of new services which cannot even be envisaged at present.
This will be achieved via a more immediate impact on industry, specifically upon mobile equipment manufacturers and network operators. (It may also enable entry to the market of new types of network operator, providing services on a smaller geographical scale in a more heterogeneous form of network). By enabling wireless backhaul on a much larger scale than at present it will reduce costs for operators to install new capacity, and by displacing many of the higher layer functions towards the physical layer it may reduce the energy required to provide this additional capacity, also providing environmental benefits. In turn it will create new markets for equipment providers.
However, because wireless network coding constitutes an important part of a new paradigm for wireless networks in general, it has the potential to improve efficiency across a much wider range of applications, including, for example, the "Internet of Things", "smart grid" networks, transportation and other "smart city" applications, etc. These applications will give rise to many societal benefits, including improved healthcare, more efficient and reliable energy supply, safer and more efficient transport systems, improved security and wider participation in the digital economy.
Our collaborators include network operators and equipment manufacturers, who will have an opportunity to benefit directly from the new techniques developed in providing new products and services and in improving the efficiency of their networks. This is expected to involve contributing to global standards activities, by which the impact will be greatly expanded.
In this context the proposed programme has the potential to impact significantly upon all users of mobile communications - that is, nearly everyone, in this country and worldwide. By enabling cost-effective access networks with greatly increased capacity density it will enable much wider access to existing Internet services, and also stimulate the growth of new services which cannot even be envisaged at present.
This will be achieved via a more immediate impact on industry, specifically upon mobile equipment manufacturers and network operators. (It may also enable entry to the market of new types of network operator, providing services on a smaller geographical scale in a more heterogeneous form of network). By enabling wireless backhaul on a much larger scale than at present it will reduce costs for operators to install new capacity, and by displacing many of the higher layer functions towards the physical layer it may reduce the energy required to provide this additional capacity, also providing environmental benefits. In turn it will create new markets for equipment providers.
However, because wireless network coding constitutes an important part of a new paradigm for wireless networks in general, it has the potential to improve efficiency across a much wider range of applications, including, for example, the "Internet of Things", "smart grid" networks, transportation and other "smart city" applications, etc. These applications will give rise to many societal benefits, including improved healthcare, more efficient and reliable energy supply, safer and more efficient transport systems, improved security and wider participation in the digital economy.
Our collaborators include network operators and equipment manufacturers, who will have an opportunity to benefit directly from the new techniques developed in providing new products and services and in improving the efficiency of their networks. This is expected to involve contributing to global standards activities, by which the impact will be greatly expanded.
Publications
Molu M
(2016)
Low-Complexity Compute-and-Forward Techniques for Multisource Multirelay Networks
in IEEE Communications Letters
Huang Q
(2017)
Low Complexity Coefficient Selection Algorithms for Compute-and-Forward
in IEEE Access
Monteiro F
(2017)
Special issue on network coding
in EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
Sykora J
(2018)
Wireless Physical Layer Network Coding
Bashar M
(2018)
Robust user scheduling with COST 2100 channel model for massive MIMO networks
in IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
Bashar M
(2019)
On the Uplink Max-Min SINR of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems
in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Bashar M
(2019)
Max-Min Rate of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Uplink With Optimal Uniform Quantization
in IEEE Transactions on Communications
Peng T
(2019)
Physical Layer Network Coding in Network MIMO: A New Design for 5G and Beyond
in IEEE Transactions on Communications
Peng T
(2019)
An Adaptive Optimal Mapping Selection Algorithm for PNC Using Variable QAM Modulation
in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters
Bashar M
(2019)
Energy Efficiency of the Cell-Free Massive MIMO Uplink With Optimal Uniform Quantization
in IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking
Maryopi D
(2019)
On the Uplink Throughput of Zero Forcing in Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Coarse Quantization
in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Chu Y
(2019)
Implementation of uplink network-coded modulation for two-hop networks
in Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies
Bashar M
(2019)
Evaluation of Low Complexity Massive MIMO Techniques Under Realistic Channel Conditions
in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Bashar M
(2020)
Exploiting Deep Learning in Limited-Fronthaul Cell-Free Massive MIMO Uplink
in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Wang Y
(2020)
Number Theory Meets Wireless Communications
Jiang B
(2020)
Location-Aware Transmission for Two-Cell Wireless Networks With Caching
in IEEE Access
Description | We have confirmed that the capacity of a cellular mobile communication system can be greatly increased by using physical layer network coding at the base stations, without any increase in the load on the backhaul network. We have also investigated Compute and Forward approaches, and compared with C-RAN and "cell-free massive MIMO" approaches with direct quantization of fronthaul, showing that there are synergies between these approaches, and potential for improved trade-off between fronthaul load and access network performance. |
Exploitation Route | Incorporating our methods into standards for wireless networks, and implementing them in base station equipment. |
Sectors | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) |
Description | This research has informed consultancy work for Huawei on C-RAN implementation, which has led to a patent application. It has also led to further funding, which in turn may lead to further impact. Specifically a research studentship and a DASA (Defence and Security Accelerator) project, both addressing theory and applications of multi-hop infrastructureless wireless networks have been funded by Dstl, and it has led to University of York inclusion in a DCMS (Dept for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport) consortium under the Future Radio Access Networks Competition (FRANC), in collaboration with ADVA, Accelercomm, CommAgility and BT. |
First Year Of Impact | 2016 |
Sector | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) |
Impact Types | Economic |
Description | Advanced networking for contested environments |
Amount | £69,960 (GBP) |
Organisation | Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (DSTL) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 06/2021 |
End | 03/2022 |
Description | DU-Volution |
Amount | £4,660,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2022 |
End | 02/2024 |
Description | Dstl Research PhD |
Amount | £131,861 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 2019_ RDC_05_York _1-148733 |
Organisation | Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (DSTL) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2020 |
End | 09/2022 |
Description | Physical Layer Network Coding for Cooperative Wireless Networks |
Amount | £57,121 (GBP) |
Funding ID | 1947504 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2017 |
End | 09/2021 |
Description | SPOTLIGHT |
Amount | € 3,813,484 (EUR) |
Funding ID | 722788 |
Organisation | European Commission |
Sector | Public |
Country | European Union (EU) |
Start | 01/2017 |
End | 12/2020 |
Description | Fujitsu |
Organisation | Fujitsu |
Department | Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | Development of physical layer network coding techniques for wireless systems |
Collaborator Contribution | Industrial advice on ongoing work; participation in project meetings |
Impact | Advice at meetings |
Start Year | 2013 |
Description | HITSZ |
Organisation | Harbin Institute of Technology |
Department | Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School |
Country | China |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We have established a HITSZ-York Joint Lab, defined by a Memorandum of Understanding between the two partners |
Collaborator Contribution | We have collaborated on joint papers, submitted to IEEE journals, specifically: L. Yang, F. -C. Zheng, Y. Zhong, S. Jin and A. G. Burr, "On the SIR Meta Distribution for Cache-Enabled Wireless Networks with Random Discontinuous Transmission: Analysis and Optimization," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2022.3146156. plus a second which is accepted but not yet published |
Impact | L. Yang, F. -C. Zheng, Y. Zhong, S. Jin and A. G. Burr, "On the SIR Meta Distribution for Cache-Enabled Wireless Networks with Random Discontinuous Transmission: Analysis and Optimization," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2022.3146156. |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Vodafone |
Organisation | Vodafone |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | Development of physical layer network coding for wireless systems |
Collaborator Contribution | Industrial advice |
Impact | None yet |
Start Year | 2014 |