High Performance Buffers for RF GaN Electronics

Lead Research Organisation: University of Bristol
Department Name: Physics

Abstract

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are a key enabling technology for future power conditioning applications in the low carbon economy, and for high efficiency military and civilian microwave systems. GaN-on-Si is highly attractive as a low cost, medium performance technology platform which has been proved to be usable even up to the W-band. The main down-sides of Si are the low bandgap and hence resistive lossy substrate especially at modest elevated temperatures, the vulnerability of the Si to unintentional doping with gallium during epitaxy causing RF losses, and the somewhat restricted power handling resulting from the relatively low thermal conductivity of the Si compared to the 4" SiC growth substrates currently used. However the cost benefits are dramatic allowing 6" or even 8" high volume wafer processing. 6" GaN-on-Si epitaxy is already available driven by the emerging GaN-on-Si power switch market, however it is optimised for high voltage, switched-mode operation. Improved RF power amplifier (PA) efficiency using GaN-on-Si, which is the focus of this proposal, would reduce the transistor temperature rise, reduce the substrate losses and deliver a low-cost high-performance technology as it would reduce the transistor temperature rise and reduce the substrate losses. The advance that is required is an optimised RF specific GaN-on-Si transistor architecture, which requires detailed understanding of electronic traps introduced into the GaN buffer of these devices by iron, carbon and carbon/iron co-doping, which is presently lacking. The key aim of this proposal is to control and model the device capacitances and conductances using novel epitaxial design of the GaN buffer, as this is key to delivering improved efficiency, gain and linearity in RF amplifiers.

Planned Impact

GaN-on-Si for RF is a game-changer, with low cost high RF power capability likely to be available shortly, and this is only just beginning to be recognised by industry. Aiding the implementation of GaN-on-Si for RF, which is the aim of this proposal, would therefore result in major economic benefit for the UK from this emerging GaN HEMT technology either directly through epitaxial wafer supply, or indirectly through its application in the microwave systems industries. The availability of high performance GaN is of direct benefit to M/A-COM UK who have device manufacture in the US but system design and manufacture in the UK. UK aeronautics, space & defence companies (Selex UK, Astrium, Airbus, MBDA, BAESYSTEMS etc) will similarly benefit from the dramatic fall in RF component costs that will follow. These companies need to understand and de-risk any new technology before it can be implemented cost-effectively. It is expected that GaN-on-Si technology will become the dominant solid-state PA technology in the future, but this has not yet happened essentially due to component cost, investment hurdles, and a lack of experience and confidence on the part of systems companies. GaN-on-Si for power switching electronics will sweep aside those investment hurdles and it has been estimated that at maturity GaN-on-Si for RF will cut the cost to a third that of current high-volume GaAs RF technology. This project uses direct links between the Universities of Bristol and Cardiff to two world leading enterprises with highly advanced GaN activities, giving a tangible benefit to those companies. IQE, based in Cardiff, is the world's largest specialist epitaxy supplier with more than 50% of the market, and has GaN-on-Si epitaxial development underway in both Cardiff and the USA at 100mm, 150mm and 200mm scale. M/A-COM is a leading supplier of high performance analogue RF, microwave, millimeterwave and photonic semiconductor products that enable next-generation internet and modern battlefield applications. They have established GaN-on-SiC and Si processes for RF, both in-house and outsourced. IQE and M/A-COM have put in place a strategic supply agreement for GaN epitaxial products.

Publications

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Singh M (2018) "Kink" in AlGaN/GaN-HEMTs: Floating Buffer Model in IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

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Chandrasekar H (2018) Buffer-Induced Current Collapse in GaN HEMTs on Highly Resistive Si Substrates in IEEE Electron Device Letters

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Kabouche R (2019) High Efficiency AlN/GaN HEMTs for Q-Band Applications with an Improved Thermal Dissipation in International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems

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Chatterjee I (2017) Lateral Charge Transport in the Carbon-Doped Buffer in AlGaN/GaN-on-Si HEMTs in IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

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Singh M. (2019) Misinterpretation of drain transient spectroscopy in GaN HEMTs: Explanation using a floating buffer model in CS MANTECH 2019 - 2019 International Conference on Compound Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, Digest of Papers

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Butler P (2018) Neutron Irradiation Impact on AlGaN/GaN HEMT Switching Transients in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

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Singh M (2018) Pulsed Large Signal RF Performance of Field-Plated Ga 2 O 3 MOSFETs in IEEE Electron Device Letters

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Chandrasekar H (2019) Quantifying Temperature-Dependent Substrate Loss in GaN-on-Si RF Technology in IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

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Pomeroy J (2019) Raman Thermography of Peak Channel Temperature in $\beta$ -Ga 2 O 3 MOSFETs in IEEE Electron Device Letters

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Rackauskas B (2019) Reliability and lifetime estimations of GaN-on-GaN vertical pn diodes in Microelectronics Reliability

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Yang F (2022) Study of Drain Injected Breakdown Mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN-on-SiC HEMTs in IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

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Yang F (2020) The Impact of Hot Electrons and Self-Heating During Hard-Switching in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs in IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

 
Description New models for buffers in GaN electronics were developed
Exploitation Route IQEis in process implementing buffers developed
Sectors Aerospace

Defence and Marine

Electronics

 
Description Improved power and RF electronic devices resulted from this work. IQE is in process implementing those in their production line in South Wales.
First Year Of Impact 2019
Sector Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Electronics
Impact Types Economic

 
Title Raman thermography of peak channel temperature in ß-Ga2O3 MOSFETs 
Description Research group data, Center for Device Thermography and Reliability, microwave and power semiconductor electronic devices and materials James Pomeroy to be deputy steward 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes