Flow-Xl: A New UK Facility for Analysis of Crystallisation in Flow Systems
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Leeds
Department Name: Sch of Chemistry
Abstract
Crystalline materials are everywhere. They are abundant in nature (eg bones and seashells) and in the environment (eg. rocks and ice) and are found across a diverse selection of everyday products including pharmaceuticals, batteries and food. Crystallisation can also be undesirable, such as in the formation of kidney stones or scale in a kettle. The ability to control crystallisation processes - to generate particles with specific sizes, shapes and structures, and to control where and when crystallisation occurs - therefore promises huge benefits to society. Here, we need to develop strategies to prevent crystallisation. All of these goals can only be achieved by developing a robust understanding of the mechanisms that underlie crystal nucleation and growth.
This project will create a new UK, and indeed world-first research facility - Flow-Xl - that can address this challenge. Flow-Xl will be located at the University of Leeds and will enable in situ, time-resolved characterisation of crystallisation processes in highly controlled environments. This will be achieved by coupling X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy to a range of fully-integrated flow platforms. These analytical techniques will be used simultaneously to study crystallisation pathways from amorphous and poorly crystalline precursor materials, through crystalline intermediates, to the ultimate crystal products. This combined capability is not currently available anywhere else in the world.
Flow-Xl is also extremely timely, where it is only possible because top-of-the-range laboratory X-ray instruments are now so good that they can replace synchrotrons for many experiments. Parallel innovative data processing and analysis methods will be developed and provided for Flow-Xl users, building on our key breakthrough methodology. These will allow the maximum information to be obtained from Flow-Xl experiments.
The use of flow systems is also critical to our technique, and Flow-Xl will offer a number of contrasting flow platforms. The simplest of all is continuous flow, which mimics many industrial manufacturing processes. Many industrial crystallisation processes also take place in stirred vessels, and these environments will be studied by withdrawing solution from a batch reactor through a flow loop for analysis. Finally, it will be possible to study crystallisation in segmented flow, where individual droplets provide highly reproducible reaction environments that are ideally suited to fundamental studies of crystallisation mechanisms. Flow-Xl will also enable us to share our expertise in the manufacture of flow-cells for X-ray measurements with the entire UK research community.
Flow-Xl will be operated as a multi-user facility that is open to all academic and industrial researchers across the UK, and will be supported by an experienced research officer. This will allow the equipment to be fully utilised for a wide range of projects spanning industrial processes through to developing fundamental understanding. In addition to providing a cutting-edge, stand-alone research facility, Flow-Xl will also support Diamond Light Source and its users by providing an alternative or precursor to synchrotron time for many experiments. This frees-up precious beam-time for experiments that really need it, and enables researchers to conduct screening/ feasibility experiments prior to their beam-time.
The facility will support a range of existing projects including the formation of organic framework compounds, biomineralisation and bio-inspired crystallisation, fouling, materials discovery, production of single enantiomer crystals, polymorph selection and the development of artificial intelligence in modelling of crystallisation. By building a strong user community from academia and industry over the course of the project, we will ensure this powerful new facility finds application across a wide range of scientific programmes.
This project will create a new UK, and indeed world-first research facility - Flow-Xl - that can address this challenge. Flow-Xl will be located at the University of Leeds and will enable in situ, time-resolved characterisation of crystallisation processes in highly controlled environments. This will be achieved by coupling X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy to a range of fully-integrated flow platforms. These analytical techniques will be used simultaneously to study crystallisation pathways from amorphous and poorly crystalline precursor materials, through crystalline intermediates, to the ultimate crystal products. This combined capability is not currently available anywhere else in the world.
Flow-Xl is also extremely timely, where it is only possible because top-of-the-range laboratory X-ray instruments are now so good that they can replace synchrotrons for many experiments. Parallel innovative data processing and analysis methods will be developed and provided for Flow-Xl users, building on our key breakthrough methodology. These will allow the maximum information to be obtained from Flow-Xl experiments.
The use of flow systems is also critical to our technique, and Flow-Xl will offer a number of contrasting flow platforms. The simplest of all is continuous flow, which mimics many industrial manufacturing processes. Many industrial crystallisation processes also take place in stirred vessels, and these environments will be studied by withdrawing solution from a batch reactor through a flow loop for analysis. Finally, it will be possible to study crystallisation in segmented flow, where individual droplets provide highly reproducible reaction environments that are ideally suited to fundamental studies of crystallisation mechanisms. Flow-Xl will also enable us to share our expertise in the manufacture of flow-cells for X-ray measurements with the entire UK research community.
Flow-Xl will be operated as a multi-user facility that is open to all academic and industrial researchers across the UK, and will be supported by an experienced research officer. This will allow the equipment to be fully utilised for a wide range of projects spanning industrial processes through to developing fundamental understanding. In addition to providing a cutting-edge, stand-alone research facility, Flow-Xl will also support Diamond Light Source and its users by providing an alternative or precursor to synchrotron time for many experiments. This frees-up precious beam-time for experiments that really need it, and enables researchers to conduct screening/ feasibility experiments prior to their beam-time.
The facility will support a range of existing projects including the formation of organic framework compounds, biomineralisation and bio-inspired crystallisation, fouling, materials discovery, production of single enantiomer crystals, polymorph selection and the development of artificial intelligence in modelling of crystallisation. By building a strong user community from academia and industry over the course of the project, we will ensure this powerful new facility finds application across a wide range of scientific programmes.
Planned Impact
We will establish a unique, laboratory-based facility (Flow-Xl) for in situ X-ray diffraction and Raman study of crystallisation and materials assembly processes under flow conditions. Flow-Xl will provide researchers from academia and industry with a new capability, allowing them to analyse crystallisation and assembly processes in situ with excellent time resolution and definition of reaction conditions. While the need to characterise crystallisation mechanisms is central to virtually every study of crystallisation phenomena, it remains a significant challenge.
Contributions to the Knowledge Base
The state-of-art equipment will provide the community with a new experimental capability that will contribute to the fundamental knowledge base across a wide range of disciplines (chemistry, pharma, materials, food) through high impact papers, presentations at key international conferences, seminars and our focused user events.
Collaboration and Network Activities
The facility will offer support and access for a broad user-base interested in the discovery, development and application of crystallisation methods across the fine chemical, pharmaceutical and materials sectors. The research enabled by Flow-Xl will be exploited by collaboration with a range of critical mass research and community networks. These include the CMAC Manufacturing Hub, UK Catalysis Hub, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, the Materials Innovation Factory, the Royce Institute, the Leeds Institute for Process Research and Development (iPRD), Diamond Light Source and the Directed Assembly Network. In particular, Flow-Xl will complement experimental opportunities at Diamond, and we will work in partnership with them to ensure opportunities are maximised.
User Engagement and Training
Flow-Xl will be operated with a user-focused model; our goal is to create a vibrant academic and industrial user community. Extensive support will be provided by an experienced research officer, and researcher training will include the use of flow platforms, diffraction and Raman techniques and analysis of multi-variate data. Flow-Xl will therefore offer valuable training for the next generation of chemists, physicists, engineers and materials scientists who need to control crystallisation or materials assembly for functional materials, supramolecular chemistry, crystal and particle engineering and sustainable manufacturing. Engagement via access visits, applications support and user meetings will ensure that users are able to benefit from developments in experimental approaches, to carry out new experiments and adapt flow systems to meet their research needs. This ambitious and varied project also provides an exceptional training opportunity for a postdoctoral researcher.
Economic and Societal Benefit
Flow-Xl provides excellent opportunities for economic benefit via engagement with industry. It will support existing industries and open up new opportunities for growth in areas including food, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals by enabling characterisation and optimisation of crystallisation processes. Continuous processing is attracting increasing attention, but is hindered through a lack of in situ XRD characterisation. Flow-Xl will therefore contribute to the economy by delivering manufacturing-related research, increasing the competitiveness of advanced process manufacturing by developing new, agile, cost-effective processes and creating innovative products through new technologies. Our network of industry users includes leading pharmaceutical manufacturers AZ, Bayer, GSK, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda and agrichemical manufacturer Syngenta; we will grow this network over the award.
We will deliver public engagement via a dedicated website and articles, various events such as Science cafes and through the STEM Ambassador programme, using examples and demonstrators to inspire the next generation of researchers
Contributions to the Knowledge Base
The state-of-art equipment will provide the community with a new experimental capability that will contribute to the fundamental knowledge base across a wide range of disciplines (chemistry, pharma, materials, food) through high impact papers, presentations at key international conferences, seminars and our focused user events.
Collaboration and Network Activities
The facility will offer support and access for a broad user-base interested in the discovery, development and application of crystallisation methods across the fine chemical, pharmaceutical and materials sectors. The research enabled by Flow-Xl will be exploited by collaboration with a range of critical mass research and community networks. These include the CMAC Manufacturing Hub, UK Catalysis Hub, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, the Materials Innovation Factory, the Royce Institute, the Leeds Institute for Process Research and Development (iPRD), Diamond Light Source and the Directed Assembly Network. In particular, Flow-Xl will complement experimental opportunities at Diamond, and we will work in partnership with them to ensure opportunities are maximised.
User Engagement and Training
Flow-Xl will be operated with a user-focused model; our goal is to create a vibrant academic and industrial user community. Extensive support will be provided by an experienced research officer, and researcher training will include the use of flow platforms, diffraction and Raman techniques and analysis of multi-variate data. Flow-Xl will therefore offer valuable training for the next generation of chemists, physicists, engineers and materials scientists who need to control crystallisation or materials assembly for functional materials, supramolecular chemistry, crystal and particle engineering and sustainable manufacturing. Engagement via access visits, applications support and user meetings will ensure that users are able to benefit from developments in experimental approaches, to carry out new experiments and adapt flow systems to meet their research needs. This ambitious and varied project also provides an exceptional training opportunity for a postdoctoral researcher.
Economic and Societal Benefit
Flow-Xl provides excellent opportunities for economic benefit via engagement with industry. It will support existing industries and open up new opportunities for growth in areas including food, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals by enabling characterisation and optimisation of crystallisation processes. Continuous processing is attracting increasing attention, but is hindered through a lack of in situ XRD characterisation. Flow-Xl will therefore contribute to the economy by delivering manufacturing-related research, increasing the competitiveness of advanced process manufacturing by developing new, agile, cost-effective processes and creating innovative products through new technologies. Our network of industry users includes leading pharmaceutical manufacturers AZ, Bayer, GSK, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda and agrichemical manufacturer Syngenta; we will grow this network over the award.
We will deliver public engagement via a dedicated website and articles, various events such as Science cafes and through the STEM Ambassador programme, using examples and demonstrators to inspire the next generation of researchers
Publications
Nahi O
(2022)
Polyamines Promote Aragonite Nucleation and Generate Biomimetic Structures.
in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Nahi O
(2022)
Positively Charged Additives Facilitate Incorporation in Inorganic Single Crystals.
in Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society
Levenstein MA
(2022)
Serial small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering with laboratory sources.
in IUCrJ
Galloway JM
(2023)
Electron transparent nanotubes reveal crystallization pathways in confinement.
in Chemical science
Dunn TH
(2023)
Universality of Hair as a Nucleant: Exploring the Effects of Surface Chemistry and Topography.
in Crystal growth & design
Description | Flow-Xl is a new facility designed for the analysis of crystallisation processes that will enable researchers to conduct in situ studies of crystallisation mechanisms and pathways with unprecedented reproducibility and time resolution. It allows researchers to study crystallisation pathways from amorphous and poorly crystalline precursor materials, through crystalline intermediates, to the ultimate crystal products. This will ultimately enable strategies to be developed that will allow us to control crystallisation processes in applications as diverse as the production of pharmaceuticals and nanoparticles or the prevention of scale formation. Flow-Xl combines X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometry to study crystallisation processes in highly controlled environments. It comprises a high performance X-ray diffractometer, a Raman spectrometer and a range of crystallisation environments including temperature-regulated segmented flow and continuous flow platforms, and batch reactors. This capability has only just become possible, where state-of-the-art X-ray diffractometers are now so good that they can replace synchrotrons for many experiments. This is a world-first instrumental platform that combines state-of-the-art flow environments with in situ diffraction and spectroscopic measurements in a laboratory situation and opens up this capability to all UK researchers. |
Exploitation Route | The facility is now fully available for access by users within the University of Leeds and external (from academic and industry) |
Sectors | Agriculture Food and Drink Chemicals Energy Environment Healthcare Manufacturing including Industrial Biotechology Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
URL | https://eps.leeds.ac.uk/dir-record/facilities/4391/flow-xl-a-new-uk-facility-for-analysis-of-crystallisation-in-flow-systems |
Description | We have now established a new facility (Flow-Xl) for the in situ study of crystallisation processes under highly controlled reaction conditions, where state-of-the-art XRD and Raman spectroscopy are coupled with a wide range of crystallisation platforms. This facility is open to all UK researchers, and we have had users from academia and industry. |
First Year Of Impact | 2023 |
Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Chemicals,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology |
Impact Types | Societal |
Title | Establishment of Flow-Xl facility |
Description | We have built a new UK facility, named Flow-Xl, for studying crystallisation processes in flow systems. The facility comprises a state-of-the-art single crystal X-ray diffractometers and Raman spectrometer, and enables experiments that would have previously required access to a synchrotron source. |
Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
Year Produced | 2022 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | The instrument is in its commissioning phase and will then be made openly available to UK researchers. |
Title | Dataset for 'Serial Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering with Laboratory Sources' |
Description | This dataset contains measurements used in the paper, 'Serial Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering with Laboratory Sources' from the journal, IUCrJ (doi: 10.1107/S2052252522007631). Included are the raw SAXS, WAXS, and XRD patterns used in the evaluation of different samples, sample environments, and X-ray scattering instruments. From these data, the authors determined that it is feasible to perform serial SAXS/WAXS analysis of materials using laboratory X-ray sources with the aid of micro- and milli-fluidic sample environments. |
Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
Year Produced | 2022 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
URL | https://archive.researchdata.leeds.ac.uk/1010/ |
Description | Batch cooling crystallisation of Iron Heptahydrate |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | School and Chemical and Process Engineering |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Run facility used to study the cooling crystallisation of Iron Heptahydrate in a batch process vessel using Raman spectroscopy |
Collaborator Contribution | developed the project |
Impact | Project still on-going |
Start Year | 2023 |
Description | Batch cooling crystallisation of Iron Heptahydrate (process vessel) |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | School and Chemical and Process Engineering |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Assistance with running experiment on Flow-XL |
Collaborator Contribution | Test new experimental system |
Impact | None yet |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Batch cooling crystallisation of L-glutamic acid |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | School and Chemical and Process Engineering |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Run facility where study of the batch cooling crystallisation of L-glutamic acid was carried out in a process vessel, using XRD and Raman spectroscopy |
Collaborator Contribution | developed the project |
Impact | project still on-going |
Start Year | 2023 |
Description | Batch cooling crystallisation of L-glutamic acid (process vessel) |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | School and Chemical and Process Engineering |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Assistance with running experiment |
Collaborator Contribution | Test experiment for Flow-Xl facility |
Impact | None yet |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Crystallization of mucin in sodium chloride solutions |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | School and Chemical and Process Engineering |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Offered facility and support for studying the crystallization of mucin in sodium chloride solutions in droplet environments using an acoustic levitator and in situ XRD |
Collaborator Contribution | They developed the experiment |
Impact | Project still underway |
Start Year | 2023 |
Description | Droplet crystallisation of Alpha Olefin Sulfonate |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | School and Chemical and Process Engineering |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Provided flow-Xl facility to study the crystallisation of Alpha Olefin Sulfonate in droplets using an acoustic levitator, coupled with XRD and Raman |
Collaborator Contribution | They developed the experiment |
Impact | project still underway |
Start Year | 2023 |
Description | Droplet crystallisation of Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (acoustic levitator) |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | School and Chemical and Process Engineering |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Help with running experiment/ use of facility |
Collaborator Contribution | Use of facility |
Impact | School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds - Prof. David Harbottle; Student: Robin Winder - Droplet crystallisation of Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (acoustic levitator) |
Start Year | 2023 |
Description | Monitoring of the phase transformation of pharmaceutical hydrates |
Organisation | GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) |
Country | Global |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | Run the facility and offer assistance with experiments looking at the solution mediated phase transformation of pharmaceutical hydrates (XRD). GSK will be paying for access to the equipment (costs under negotiation) |
Collaborator Contribution | Developed the experiment |
Impact | Project still underway |
Start Year | 2024 |
Description | Nik Kapur microfluidics |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | Institute of Transport Studies |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Our research team has identified the problem that needs to be solved - characterisation of inorganic materials by XRD on-chip. We contribute expertise in materials chemistry and XRD analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Nik Kapur has assisted in the design of microfluidic devices that can be used for synchrotron XRD analysis of crystallisation within droplets. His expertise in fluid dynamics and the design and manufacture of devices has been invaluable. |
Impact | 1 paper to date. Multi-disciplinary collaboration between chemistry and engineering. |
Start Year | 2014 |
Description | Polarised Raman of paracetamol single crystals |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | School and Chemical and Process Engineering |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Assistance with making measurements |
Collaborator Contribution | Trial capabilities of Flow-Xl |
Impact | None yet |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Polarised Raman of paracetamol single crystals |
Organisation | University of Leeds |
Department | School and Chemical and Process Engineering |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Run facility where experimental study of paracetamol single crystals using polarised Raman spectroscopy and single crystals XRD was carried out |
Collaborator Contribution | Developed project |
Impact | Project still on-going |
Start Year | 2024 |
Description | Prof Chick Wilson |
Organisation | University of Bath |
Department | School of Health Bath |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | We helped them carry out in situ XRD analysis of crystallisation in millifluidic segmented flow reactors at Diamond light source and analyse their data |
Collaborator Contribution | They participated in a number of joint beam-times |
Impact | We are currently writing a number of joint publications and grant proposal |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | ZIF-8 crystallisation as a function of processing conditions |
Organisation | University of Birmingham |
Department | School of Chemistry |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Assistance with running experiment |
Collaborator Contribution | Supply test experiment for Flow-Xl system |
Impact | None yet |
Start Year | 2022 |
Description | Poster presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Poster: Stone, R.J., Turner, T.D., Bourne, R.A., Meldrum, F.C., Kapur, N. Monitoring the influence of Mg2+ concentration on the crystal growth kinetics of Calcium Sulphate using in-line powder XRD. CDT in Molecules to Product annual conference, July 2022. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Presentation to IPRD group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presentation about Flow-Xl facility to the industrial club of the Institute of Process Research and Development (IPRD) at Leeds University. There was significant interest in the facility from the attending industrialists. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Rigaku European Single-Crystal User Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Flow-Xl: A New UK Facility for the Analysis of Crystallisation in Flow Systems, Rigaku European Single-Crystal User Meeting |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Rigaku Webinar on Flow-Xl |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited Webinar: TOPIQ: Flow-Xl: A New UK Facility for the Analysis of Crystallisation in Flow Systems, Rigaku Online Resources |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UDdAkdEHVw |
Description | Syngenta Newsletter |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | T. D. Turner, Flow-Xl: A New UK Facility for the Analysis of Crystallisation in Flow Systems, Syngenta Newsletter, Jan 2022 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Syngenta Technology Transfer Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Presentation on "Droplet and Flow Based XRD studies" given by Dr Tom Turner, given to disseminate the capabilities of the Flow-Xl facility to the audience of academic and industrial researchers. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Talk - iPRD Industrial Club Meeting, University of Leeds |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Invited Talk: Flow-Xl: A New UK Facility for the Analysis of Crystallisation in Flow Systems, iPRD Industrial Club Meeting, University of Leeds, November 4th 2021 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Talk - Astrazeneca Group Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Talk: Flow-Xl: A New UK Facility for the Analysis of Crystallisation in Flow Systems, Astrazeneca Group Meeting, Online, May 13th 2022 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Talk - CDT in Molecules to Product annual conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Stone, R.J. Monitoring the influence of Mg2+ concentration on the crystal growth kinetics of Calcium Sulphate using in-line powder XRD. CDT in Molecules to Product annual conference, July 2022. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Talk - Crystallisation Day, University of Leeds |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Talk: Flow-Xl: A New UK Facility for the Analysis of Crystallisation in Flow Systems, Crystallisation Day, University of Leeds, May 12th 2022 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Talk - Syngenta Group Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Invited Talk: Flow-Xl: A New UK Facility for the Analysis of Crystallisation in Flow Systems, Syngenta Group Meeting, Online, February 21st 2022 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | talk - Advanced Materials Research Group Seminar, University of Nottingham |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Talk: In-Situ Characterisation of Crystallisation Systems; Nucleation, Growth and Phase Transformations, Advanced Materials Research Group Seminar, University of Nottingham, Online, June 6th 2022 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |