Manufacturing scalable semiconductor quantum light sources
Lead Research Organisation:
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
Department Name: School of Engineering
Abstract
Semiconductors have already revolutionised the world around us through the inventions of the transistor, diode lasers, integrated circuits and sensors. A new wave of semiconductor quantum technologies are finding commercial applications in ultra-secure communications, enhanced imaging, sensing, and possibly even computing and simulations. In all these cases the "quantum advantage" is theoretically proven and experimentally demonstrated, but there is a strong need for a scalable, practical and efficient source of quantum light.
Naturally occurring point-like light sources called "colour centres" act as quantum light sources in wide bandgap semiconductors such as diamond, Silicon Carbide, Boron Nitride and Gallium Nitride (GaN) at room temperature. Commercially, GaN now dominates the market for solid state lighting, because it is an efficient and manufacturable material, leading to costs of less than one dollar per LED. However, Gallium-Nitride is also a promising material for quantum light sources as the colour centres within it emit from the ultra-violet to the near infra-red. This wide range means the emission overlaps with minima in the absorption curves of optical fibres (1310 and 1550 nm), transitions in the best atomic quantum memories (near 800nm) and low loss free-space communications in the blue. Furthermore, by engineering heterostructures within the semiconductor it is possible to electrically drive the emitter, rapidly switch the device and design efficiency-enhancing structures.
This fellowship will apply manufacturing techniques widespread in the compound semiconductor manufacturing field, such as large area epitaxy and wafer scale processing, to deliver a bright and room temperature quantum light-emitting diode based on GaN. I will use laser lithography, standardised packaging and quality control to ensure the end device is produced in a manner that enables scale up to mass-production, with the full supply chain within the UK. Collaboration with the UK semiconductor industry for growth and packaging of devices, and use of processing facilities installed at Cardiff University, will foster two-way knowledge exchange between industry and academia. My experience of this type of collaboration at Imperial-Agilent and at Toshiba-Cambridge, makes me uniquely well-qualified to manage this interaction. By funding me to devote a significant amount of my time to research for the next 5 years this project will deliver high impact research and build a platform for future UK prosperity and technological know-how.
Naturally occurring point-like light sources called "colour centres" act as quantum light sources in wide bandgap semiconductors such as diamond, Silicon Carbide, Boron Nitride and Gallium Nitride (GaN) at room temperature. Commercially, GaN now dominates the market for solid state lighting, because it is an efficient and manufacturable material, leading to costs of less than one dollar per LED. However, Gallium-Nitride is also a promising material for quantum light sources as the colour centres within it emit from the ultra-violet to the near infra-red. This wide range means the emission overlaps with minima in the absorption curves of optical fibres (1310 and 1550 nm), transitions in the best atomic quantum memories (near 800nm) and low loss free-space communications in the blue. Furthermore, by engineering heterostructures within the semiconductor it is possible to electrically drive the emitter, rapidly switch the device and design efficiency-enhancing structures.
This fellowship will apply manufacturing techniques widespread in the compound semiconductor manufacturing field, such as large area epitaxy and wafer scale processing, to deliver a bright and room temperature quantum light-emitting diode based on GaN. I will use laser lithography, standardised packaging and quality control to ensure the end device is produced in a manner that enables scale up to mass-production, with the full supply chain within the UK. Collaboration with the UK semiconductor industry for growth and packaging of devices, and use of processing facilities installed at Cardiff University, will foster two-way knowledge exchange between industry and academia. My experience of this type of collaboration at Imperial-Agilent and at Toshiba-Cambridge, makes me uniquely well-qualified to manage this interaction. By funding me to devote a significant amount of my time to research for the next 5 years this project will deliver high impact research and build a platform for future UK prosperity and technological know-how.
Planned Impact
ECONOMIC IMPACT
This proposal will support the UK economy by generating intellectual property, know-how and a low cost, practical quantum-LED prototype. By keeping the quantum-LED fully integrated into the UK's supply chain I will deliver a device ready to be incorporated in commercial systems. An Advisory Panel of experts will advise me throughout, ensuring the project addresses the challenges of manufacturing, packaging and testing. This will generate spin-off benefits to conventional GaN-LED manufacturing, creating wealth in the UK.
The impact of the research will be maximised through protection of intellectual property, if appropriate. Previously I have worked on 15 patent families, and so am attuned of the requirements to protect valuable ideas at an early stage. Project partners TREL and idQuantique are the UK's leading companies in optical quantum technology, and offer a route to commercialisation (see Letters of Support).
SOCIETAL IMPACT
I will develop an enabling technology for applications in quantum communications, imaging and sensing. Quantum technologies have the potential to transform the UK with quantum key distribution offering personal communications secured by the laws of physics and quantum imaging offering unprecedented functionalities for autonomous cars' LIDAR.
I will use my membership of the consortium running the second phase of the UK National Quantum Computing and Simulation Hub to keep up to date with the most challenging application areas. I will also show system-ready devices at the UK National Quantum Technology Showcase, held annually in London, seeking collaborators and end-users.
Through the School of Engineering Public Engagement Office I will arrange to present in front of the Welsh Assembly STEM working group on QT and at the "Science in the Senedd" events, where Assembly Members, journalists and the public are present. I will undertake communications training prior to these events to ensure I maximise impact.
IMPACT IN KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
This fellowship will enable me to transfer my knowledge and expertise by training PhDs and Postdocs to have the skills suitable for employment in research and development, further supporting an area of the UK economy facing an acute skills shortage. Trained experts are essential to maintain and grow the UK's engineering base and foster a strong, resilient and healthy nation.
The project is located in South Wales, where numerous initiatives in the field of Compound Semiconductors (CSs) are coordinated under the umbrella organisation "CS Connected". In particular, the CS Centre Ltd. will be used to grow the material used in this project. The CS Applications Catapult will package devices into robust, standardised housings that are essential for future incorporation into systems. Processing will occur in the University's Institute for CSs (ICS) cleanroom, which has a wafer scale processing line for GaN LEDs. Thus, the possibility of scaling up production of devices exists within a half hour journey from Cardiff. This cluster of expertise in the local area makes the project well placed to link into other initiatives in CSs. To push this I will showcase the project at regular events organised by partners of CS Connected, such as the annual Co-Innovate conferences organised by IQE plc.
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Quantum Technology is an area that generates considerable public interest, and this work will be promoted with social media (@BennettLabCardiff), group webpage, press releases, topical reviews in general interest science/engineering magazines and through engagement with science journalists. I will also develop a show on the science of mobile phones with Cardiff social enterprise Science-made-Simple for use in secondary schools and science fairs. This will introduce students to the concepts of coloured LEDs, radiation and crystals through a technology they are excited about.
This proposal will support the UK economy by generating intellectual property, know-how and a low cost, practical quantum-LED prototype. By keeping the quantum-LED fully integrated into the UK's supply chain I will deliver a device ready to be incorporated in commercial systems. An Advisory Panel of experts will advise me throughout, ensuring the project addresses the challenges of manufacturing, packaging and testing. This will generate spin-off benefits to conventional GaN-LED manufacturing, creating wealth in the UK.
The impact of the research will be maximised through protection of intellectual property, if appropriate. Previously I have worked on 15 patent families, and so am attuned of the requirements to protect valuable ideas at an early stage. Project partners TREL and idQuantique are the UK's leading companies in optical quantum technology, and offer a route to commercialisation (see Letters of Support).
SOCIETAL IMPACT
I will develop an enabling technology for applications in quantum communications, imaging and sensing. Quantum technologies have the potential to transform the UK with quantum key distribution offering personal communications secured by the laws of physics and quantum imaging offering unprecedented functionalities for autonomous cars' LIDAR.
I will use my membership of the consortium running the second phase of the UK National Quantum Computing and Simulation Hub to keep up to date with the most challenging application areas. I will also show system-ready devices at the UK National Quantum Technology Showcase, held annually in London, seeking collaborators and end-users.
Through the School of Engineering Public Engagement Office I will arrange to present in front of the Welsh Assembly STEM working group on QT and at the "Science in the Senedd" events, where Assembly Members, journalists and the public are present. I will undertake communications training prior to these events to ensure I maximise impact.
IMPACT IN KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
This fellowship will enable me to transfer my knowledge and expertise by training PhDs and Postdocs to have the skills suitable for employment in research and development, further supporting an area of the UK economy facing an acute skills shortage. Trained experts are essential to maintain and grow the UK's engineering base and foster a strong, resilient and healthy nation.
The project is located in South Wales, where numerous initiatives in the field of Compound Semiconductors (CSs) are coordinated under the umbrella organisation "CS Connected". In particular, the CS Centre Ltd. will be used to grow the material used in this project. The CS Applications Catapult will package devices into robust, standardised housings that are essential for future incorporation into systems. Processing will occur in the University's Institute for CSs (ICS) cleanroom, which has a wafer scale processing line for GaN LEDs. Thus, the possibility of scaling up production of devices exists within a half hour journey from Cardiff. This cluster of expertise in the local area makes the project well placed to link into other initiatives in CSs. To push this I will showcase the project at regular events organised by partners of CS Connected, such as the annual Co-Innovate conferences organised by IQE plc.
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Quantum Technology is an area that generates considerable public interest, and this work will be promoted with social media (@BennettLabCardiff), group webpage, press releases, topical reviews in general interest science/engineering magazines and through engagement with science journalists. I will also develop a show on the science of mobile phones with Cardiff social enterprise Science-made-Simple for use in secondary schools and science fairs. This will introduce students to the concepts of coloured LEDs, radiation and crystals through a technology they are excited about.
Organisations
- CARDIFF UNIVERSITY (Lead Research Organisation)
- UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM (Collaboration)
- KLA (Collaboration)
- Cornell University (Collaboration)
- University of Glasgow (Collaboration)
- University of Bremen (Collaboration)
- Toshiba Europe UK Limited (Project Partner)
- ID Quantique UK Ltd (Project Partner)
- Compound Semiconductor Applications Catapult (Project Partner)
People |
ORCID iD |
| Anthony Bennett (Principal Investigator / Fellow) |
Publications
Bishop S
(2022)
Room-Temperature Quantum Emitter in Aluminum Nitride
Androvitsaneas P
(2023)
Direct-write projection lithography of quantum dot micropillar single photon sources
Ramsay A
(2023)
Coherence protection of spin qubits in hexagonal boron nitride.
Cannon J
(2023)
Polarization study of single color centers in aluminum nitride
Jordan M
(2025)
The origin and influence of non-cavity modes in a micropillar Bragg microcavity.
in Scientific reports
Hekmati R
(2023)
Bullseye dielectric cavities for photon collection from a surface-mounted quantum-light-emitter.
in Scientific reports
Jordan M
(2024)
Probing Purcell enhancement and photon collection efficiency of InAs quantum dots at nodes of the cavity electric field
in Physical Review Research
Guo Y
(2024)
Emission dynamics of optically driven aluminum nitride quantum emitters
in Physical Review B
Dangel C
(2022)
Two-Photon Interference of Single Photons from Dissimilar Sources
in Physical Review Applied
Clark R
(2024)
Measuring photon correlation using imperfect detectors
in Physical Review Applied
Yagci H
(2024)
Tracking the creation of single photon emitters in AlN by implantation and annealing
in Optical Materials
Bracht T
(2026)
Tunable multi-photon correlations from a coherently driven quantum dot
in Optica Quantum
Murphy L
(2024)
Tunable frequency conversion in doped photonic crystal fiber pumped near degeneracy
in Optica
Bishop S
(2022)
Evanescent-field assisted photon collection from quantum emitters under a solid immersion lens
in New Journal of Physics
Ramsay AJ
(2023)
Coherence protection of spin qubits in hexagonal boron nitride.
in Nature communications
Guo Y
(2025)
Enhanced Quantum Magnetometry with a Femtosecond Laser-Written Integrated Photonic Diamond Chip.
in Nano letters
| Description | We have learnt much about the physical properties of the emitters under study and have made a number of publications (see attached list). Several more papers are in preparation. This Fellowship allowed me to position myself as an expert in the growing field of studying colour centres in widebandgap materials, which has led to new grants, new collaborations and conference invitations. The fellowship has been transformative for my career and supported a growing research group in Cardiff University afer my exit from Industry. |
| Exploitation Route | We have a follow up grant with Cambridge University. Some of the growth techniques we have pioneered may be used by others to create novel samples. Possibility of commericialisation as a room temperature quantum light source in the long term. |
| Sectors | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) |
| Description | Attendance at Semiconductor Centre consultation |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Impact | The semiconductor centre has been established. I look forward to seeing how it expands and operates |
| Description | DalaaS: PBIAA grant to Dr Sam Bishop PDRA to investigate commericialisation of his technology |
| Amount | £35,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 02/2025 |
| End | 06/2025 |
| Description | Platform for Aluminium Nitride Photonic Integrated Circuits (PANPIC) |
| Amount | £100,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | RICP-R4-100017 |
| Organisation | Henry Royce Institute |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2024 |
| End | 02/2025 |
| Description | SPIQuE: Semiconductor Photonics with InP Quantum Emitters |
| Amount | £312,486 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | UKRI649 |
| Organisation | United Kingdom Research and Innovation |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2025 |
| End | 03/2027 |
| Description | Training on Laser Fabrication and Ion Implantation of Defects as Quantum Emitters |
| Amount | € 3,281,943 (EUR) |
| Funding ID | 956387 |
| Organisation | European Commission H2020 |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | Belgium |
| Start | 09/2020 |
| End | 10/2024 |
| Title | Aluminium nitride on sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator data for photonic thermometry study |
| Description | We have fabricated aluminium nitride on sapphire whispering gallery mode resonators with different coupling gaps between the radial resonator and the bus waveguides. Due to the moderate thermo-optic coefficient of our chosen material, the whispering gallery mode resonator exhibits temperature dependent resonance behaviour which we can exploit to create an integrated photonic thermometer with low temperature uncertainties. We present the characterisation results of our resonator along with temperature dependent measurements of its transmission spectrum. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2025 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://research-data.cardiff.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Aluminium_nitride_on_sapphire_whispering_galler... |
| Title | Bullseye dielectric cavities for photon collection from a surface-mounted point source |
| Description | These data represent the paper's numerical results with the dataset's title. This dataset contains 21 *.xlsx files in which each file name belongs to the figure's subplots. Figure 1b > Collection efficiency & Purcell factor vs. Wavelength Figure 2a > Purcell factor vs. Wavelength vs. Central disk diameter Figure 2b > Purcell factor vs. Wavelength vs. Duty cycle Figure 2c > Collection efficiency vs. Wavelength vs. Central disk diameter Figure 2d > Collection efficiency vs. Wavelength vs. Duty cycle Figure 3a > Collection efficiency & Purcell factor vs. polar angle (1nm above and middle of the disk) Figure 3b > Purcell factor vs. X & Y displacement Figure 3c > Collection efficiency vs. X & Y displacement Figure 3d > Collection efficiency & Purcell factor vs. Z displacement Figure 4a > Excitation enhancement vs. Number of rings (532nm and emission wavelength) (1nm above and middle of the disk) Figure 4b > Radiative decay rate enhancement vs. Number of rings Figure 4c > Collection efficiency enhancement vs. Number of rings Figure 4d > Effective enhancement vs. Number of rings (532nm and emission wavelength) (1nm above and middle of the disk) Figure 5a > Collection efficiency vs. Duty cycle vs. Ring period (1st ring) Figure 5b > Purcell factor vs. Duty cycle vs. Ring period (1st ring) Figure 5c > Collection efficiency vs. Duty cycle vs. Ring period (2nd ring) Figure 5d > Purcell factor vs. Duty cycle vs. Ring period (2nd ring) Figure 5e > Collection efficiency vs. Duty cycle vs. Ring period (2nd ring) Figure 5e > Purcell factor vs. Duty cycle vs. Ring period (2nd ring) Figure 6c > Collection efficiency vs. Number of rings (with and without apodization) Figure 6d > Purcell factor vs. Number of rings (with and without apodization) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | In this work, we present the design of free space couplers for suspended triangular nano-beam WGs. We investigate three different designs which demonstrate grating coupler, Bragg reflector, and total internal reflection elements, using the suspended triangular WG geometry. The optimised device designs demonstrate simulated coupling efficiencies approaching 50% for light focussed from a high numerical aperture objective. Verification of the performance of physical devices may be achieved through transmission measurements of WG devices with couplers at either end. This will be performed on devices fabricated in gallium nitride using angled Faraday cage-assisted etching and will form the basis of a future work. The development of such couplers will enable fast and efficient testing of closely spaced integrated circuit components. |
| URL | https://research.cardiff.ac.uk/converis/portal/detail/Dataset/218102868?auxfun=&lang=en_GB |
| Title | Dataset for "The origin and influence of non-cavity modes in a micropillar Bragg microcavity" |
| Description | Fig. 1b : Simulated normalised far-field intensity,angular emission profile above a 2.00 µm diameter micropillar with 7 (26) upper (lower) DBR pairs. ASCII file in table format. Fig. 1c,d : Simulated emission power spectrum in the upward direction and summed over all directions. ASCII file with 3 columns for [Wavelength, Upward emission, All emission]. Fig. 1ef: Purcell factor, cavity mode emission, and non-cavity mode emission and spontaneous emission (SE) coupling factor as a function of pillar diameter. ASCII file of columns with [Diameter, Purcell Factor, G_c, G_l, Beta]. Fig. 2a/b/c/d : Purcell factor for a source in the centre of the spacer layer, in a Bragg cavity (a,b) or uniform (c,d) pillar as a function of pillar diameter. In (a,c) only the emission through the top and bottom monitors T_(+z) and T_(-z) are considered while in (b,d) emission through all sides is considered. ASCII files in table format with wavelength along first column and diameter in first row. Fig. 3a/b/c/d : Purcell factor for a source in a Bragg cavity (a,b) or uniform (c,d) pillar for a constant pillar diameter of 1.85 µm , as function of the source height. In (a,c) only the emission through the top and bottom monitors T_(+z) and T_(-z) are considered while in (b,d) emission through all sides is considered. ASCII files in table format with wavelength along first column and source height in first row. Fig. 4a/b/c/d : Purcell factor for a source in the centre of the spacer layer, in a Bragg cavity (a,b) or uniform (c,d) pillar for a constant pillar diameter of 1.85 µm , as function of an additional GaAs layer added to the top of the pillar. In (a,c) only the emission through the top and bottom monitors T_(+z) and T_(-z) are considered while in (b,d) emission through all sides is considered. ASCII files in table format with wavelength along first column and GaAs thickness in first row. Fig. 5a/b/c/d/e/f : Absolute electric field |E| cross-sectional profiles for 1.85 µm micropillars (grey outline) at the HE11 mode wavelength for a cavity pillar excited by a dipole at the cavity mode anti-node (z = 0 µm) in the centre of the spacer layer, in (a) on the y = 0 plane (x-z), parallel to the dipole and in (b) on the x = 0 plane (y-z), perpendicular to it. (c, d) as (a, b), but for a dipole at the lower cavity mode node (z = -0.067 µm). (e,f) as (a, b), but for a uniform micropillar. ASCII files in table format with x-coordinate along first column and y-coordinate in first row. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2025 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://research-data.cardiff.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Dataset_for_The_origin_and_influence_of_non-cav... |
| Title | Dataset for "Tunable frequency conversion in doped photonic crystal fiber pumped near degeneracy" |
| Description | This dataset contains all the underlying data used in Figures 1, 3 and 4 of the associated paper; these figures are represented in the folder titles of the dataset. The paper is an experimental demonstration of using a germanium-doped photonic crystal fiber for tunable frequency conversion over a few nm in the InAs quantum dot emission range as well as between InAs quantum dot wavelengths and the telecoms C-band. The data comes in the form of a txt file including measurements of the photonic crystal fiber's dispersion, and excel csv files containing spectra. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://researchdata.bath.ac.uk/id/eprint/1411 |
| Title | Design of free-space couplers for suspended triangular nano-beam waveguides |
| Description | These data are from a study involving the design and modelling of free-space couplers for suspended triangular nano-beam waveguides. We use Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using Ansys Lumerical Mode, and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) modelling using Ansys Lumerical FDTD to benchmark and optimise the performance of three types of designs: Type A - Grating coupler with mode converter, Type B - Wedge mirror with Bragg reflector, Type C - Wedge mirror with mode converter. The dataset includes 20 .CSV files with the raw data for each figure in the manuscript. The filename of the files points towards each labelled subplot in each figure. Figure 2. Effective Index of triangular nano-beam waveguides fig2_a.csv - Effective index of first 4 waveguide modes as function of waveguide width, for 1550 nm wavelength light. fig2_b.csv - 2D array of normalised field intensity data for the first TE waveguide mode with top width of 765 nm. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig2_c.csv - 2D array of normalised field intensity data for the first TM waveguide mode with top width of 765 nm. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. Figure 3. Type A coupler design. fig3_c_2DCouplingEfficiency.csv - 2D array of calculated coupling efficiency for Type A coupler of a Gaussian source focused from above into the TE-like waveguide mode as function of duty cycle and grating pitch for a grating coupler with w1 = 2000 nm and w2 = 400 nm. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig3_c_PhaseMatching.csv - Estimated pitch satisfying the 1st and 2nd order vertical grating (VG) and Bragg reflector (BR) phase matching conditions, as a function of duty cycle (DC). fig3_d.csv - 2D array of normalised field intensity data for side view cross section field intensity distribution for Type A coupler with light input from the top with TE-like polarisation. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig3_e.csv - 2D array of normalised field intensity data for side view cross section field intensity distribution for Type A coupler with light input through the waveguide. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig3_f_r_theta_Intensity.csv - Normalised field intensity data for far field projection of Type A coupler with light input through the waveguide, as a function of r and theta. fig3_g.csv - Simulated coupling efficiency as a function of wavelength for light input from the (labelled "Top") and through the waveguide (labelled "WG") in TE and TM-like polarisations. Type A coupler final design specification: Grating Periods: 5 Grating Pitch: 1.2422 um Grating Duty Cycle: 0.375 Grating Width1: 2 um Grating Width2: 0.4 um Mode Converter Length: 7.5 um Mode Converter Width1: 0.765 um Mode Converter Width2: 2 um Figure 4. Type B coupler design. fig4_c_2DCouplingEfficiency.csv - 2D array of calculated coupling efficiency for Type B coupler of a Gaussian source focused from above into the TE-like waveguide mode as function of duty cycle and grating pitch for a grating coupler with w1 = 4000 nm and w2 = 400 nm. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig4_c_PhaseMatching.csv - Estimated pitch satisfying the 1st and 2nd order vertical grating (VG) and Bragg reflector (BR) phase matching conditions, as a function of duty cycle (DC). fig4_d.csv - 2D array of normalised field intensity data for side view cross section field intensity distribution for Type B coupler with light input from the top with TE-like polarisation. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig4_e.csv - 2D array of normalised field intensity data for side view cross section field intensity distribution for Type B coupler with light input through the waveguide. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig4_f_r_theta_Intensity.csv - Normalised field intensity data for far field projection of Type B coupler with light input through the waveguide, as a function of r and theta. fig4_g.csv - Simulated coupling efficiency as a function of wavelength for light input from the (labelled "Top") and through the waveguide (labelled "WG") in TE and TM-like polarisations. Type B coupler final design specification: Grating Periods: 5 Grating Pitch: 0.399054 um Grating Duty Cycle: 0.661334 Grating Width1: 3 um Grating Width2: 0.4 um Mode Converter Length: 2.22046 um Mode Converter Width1: 0.765 um Mode Converter Width2: 3 um Figure 5. Type C coupler design. fig5_c_2DCouplingEfficiency.csv - 2D array of calculated coupling efficiency for Type C coupler of a Gaussian source focused from above into the TE-like waveguide mode as function of mode converter length, and wedge mirror width. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig5_d.csv - 2D array of normalised field intensity data for side view cross section field intensity distribution for Type C coupler with light input from the top with TE-like polarisation. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig5_e.csv - 2D array of normalised field intensity data for side view cross section field intensity distribution for Type C coupler with light input through the waveguide. The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig5_f_r_theta_Intensity.csv - Normalised field intensity data for far field projection of Type C coupler with light input through the waveguide, as a function of r and theta. fig5_g.csv - Simulated coupling efficiency as a function of wavelength for light input from the (labelled "Top") and through the waveguide (labelled "WG") in TE and TM-like polarisations. Type C coupler final design specification: Mode Converter Length: 3.7626 um Mode Converter Width1: 1.77528 um Mode Converter Width2: 3 um Wedge Mirror Length: 2.85 um Wedge Mirror Width1: 3.07064 um Wedge Mirror Width2: 0.4 um Research results based upon these data are published at http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac941e |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | In this work, we present the design of free space couplers for suspended triangular nano-beam WGs. We investigate three different designs which demonstrate grating coupler, Bragg reflector, and total internal reflection elements, using the suspended triangular WG geometry. The optimised device designs demonstrate simulated coupling efficiencies approaching 50% for light focussed from a high numerical aperture objective. Verification of the performance of physical devices may be achieved through transmission measurements of WG devices with couplers at either end. This will be performed on devices fabricated in gallium nitride using angled Faraday cage-assisted etching and will form the basis of a future work. The development of such couplers will enable fast and efficient testing of closely spaced integrated circuit components. |
| URL | https://research.cardiff.ac.uk/converis/portal/detail/Dataset/214949311?auxfun=&lang=en_GB |
| Title | Enhanced light collection from a gallium nitride color center using a near index-matched solid immersion lens |
| Description | These data are from a study involving the enhanced photon collection and imaging of a solid-state room temperature quantum light source using a near refractive index matched hemispherical solid immersion lens. We use power dependent photon counting measurements to deterministically enhance the number of photons extracted from the semi-polar Gallium Nitride host from a pre-selected quantum light source. The dataset includes 13 .CSV files with the raw data for each figure in the manuscript. The filename of the files points towards each labelled subplot in each figure. fig1_c.csv - 2D array of intensity data for the confocal scan map in Fig1.(c). The X and Y axis are in stored in the first column and row respectively. fig1_d.csv - Intensity vs polarisation. fig1_e.csv - Intenstiy vs wavelength including the fit data presented in the plot. fig1_f.csv - g^(2) data vs time. fig2_a.csv - 2D array in the same format as fig1_c.csv. fig2_b.csv - Intensity vs Y position. fig2_c.csv - Intensity vs X position. fig2_d.csv - 2D array in the same format as fig1_c.csv. fig2_e.csv - Intensity vs Y position. fig2_f.csv - Intensity vs X position. fig3_a.csv - Collection efficiency vs numerical aperture analytical data. fig3_b.csv - Simulated collection efficiency vs Azimuthal angle. fig3_c.csv - Measured intensity vs excitation power. Research results based upon these data are published at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085257 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | We investigated the properties of color centers in semi-polar GaN, demonstrating room temperature quantum light in the near infrared from a color center with a dipole-like emission pattern. Enhanced imaging of a single emitter in a semi-polar GaN sample was achieved by spatially aligning a SIL on top of a color center. The use of the hemispherical SIL also increased the photon collection efficiency by a factor of 4.3 ± 0.1, such that the efficiency approaches that of a dipole in free space. The combination of existing expertise in GaN processing and epitaxy, with enhanced photon extraction enabled by this easy-to-implement SIL, can lead to efficient off-the-shelf quantum light sources operating without cryogenic cooling, which will be highly beneficial for future quantum technologies. |
| URL | https://research.cardiff.ac.uk/converis/portal/detail/Dataset/163133139?auxfun=&lang=en_GB |
| Title | Enhanced quantum magnetometry with a femtosecond laser-written integrated photonic diamond chip-dataset |
| Description | 'Enhanced quantum magnetometry with a femtosecond laser-written integrated photonic diamond chip' dataThe dataset includes Excel files with the raw data for each figure in the manuscript. The filename of the files points towards each labelled subplot in each figure and the necessary description.Figure 1(a) is an illustration figure for laser writing fabrication and does not contain any raw data to be included as part of this data repository.(b) is an optical image for a laser-written waveguide in diamond and does not contain any raw data to be included as part of this data repository.(c) is the photoluminescence (PL) map of the laser-written waveguide mapped from the y-direction (along the waveguide) with a PL rate unit of kHz and scale of x=40um and z=30um.(d) is the normalized PL emission spectrum for the 1-pristine, 2-waveguide, and 3-sidewall region in waveguide written with 40 mW. Figure 2 shows the spin coherence properties of an ensemble of NVs in the pristine (upper plates) and waveguide (lower plates) regions.(a) includes continuous wave (CW) zero-field optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra for ensemble NVs in pristine and waveguide regions. (b) includes CW ODMR with ~5 mT applied magnetic field for ensemble NVs in pristine and waveguide regions. (c) includes pulsed ODMR for the highest resonance transition in (b).(d) ,(e) ,(f) and (g) are Rabi, free induced decay, Hahn echo, and relaxometry measurements for ensemble NVs in pristine and waveguide regions. Figure 3 is the enhanced quantum sensing via fiber-waveguide-fiber configuration.(a) is an illustration figure for fiber-waveguide-fiber configuration and does not contain any raw data to be included as part of this data repository.(b) is the zero-field CWODMR recorded by backward (upper plate) and forward (lower plate) PL in fiber-waveguide-fiber configuration.(c) is the CWODMR with applied magnetic field are recorded by backward (upper plate) and forward PL (lower plate) in fiber-waveguide-fiber configuration.(d) is the CWODMR with applied magnetic fields of B1 (upper plate) and B2 (lower plate) via the forward traveling PL emission. (e) Magnetic field vector into Cartesian coordinates inferred from (d). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2025 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://research-data.cardiff.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Enhanced_quantum_magnetometry_with_a_femtosecon... |
| Title | Faraday-cage-assisted etching of suspended gallium nitride nanostructures |
| Description | 1. (a) Schematic of the cross section of the etch chamber containing the Faraday cage, with the GaN samples at its center, (b) schematic showing how ions directed at steep angles ? cause the characteristic undercut profile, (c) the plot of the predicted etch angles ? and ?, (d) a photograph of the triangular Faraday cage with a UK ten-pence coin for scale (diameter 24.5 mm), and (e) a scanning electron micrograph of a cleaved edge of a GaN waveguide sample etched in the cage to a depth 2d = 1.56 µm. 2. (a) Stripe etched without the cage, showing an etch angle of -15?, typical of ICP etched GaN, (b) an etch with the sample in a 45? cage and with the same 1:1 Cl2:Ar gas mix, leading to a -22? etch, and (c) an etch in a 45? cage with a 5:1 Cl2:Ar mix to give a ? = 0? etch profile. 3. (a) Free-standing singly clamped triangular cantilever 1 µm in width and 35 µm in length, suspended 2 µm above a planar layer, etched inside a Faraday cage with an equilateral triangular cross section and (b) a suspended doubly-clamped cantilever of 2 µm width. 4. Calculations of waveguides with an equilateral triangular cross-section: (a) the effective index of the waveguide modes (blue: TE and red: TM) as a function of the waveguide size (inset: the schematic of the calculation) and [(b) and (c)] the mode profiles for (b) the fundamental transverse electric mode and (c) the transverse magnetic mode. Addition profiles provide further information on the electric field. Numerical values for construction of Figure 4(a) are provided. Research results based upon these data are published at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0007947 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | In conclusion, we have presented a Faraday cage-assisted process to etch GaN with a controlled angle of undercut. We have shown that by adjusting the gas mix in the ICP chamber, it is possible to vary the etch angle without changing the cage design. We have created suspended GaN nano-cantilevers with a triangular cross section. Simulations show that these can support single optical modes in the near infrared, with potential for integrated photonics that exploits the advantageous optical properties of GaN. Future work may focus on the creation of 1D photonic crystals in suspended GaN devices. It is also possible to consider alternative designs of the Faraday cage, such as conical cages, to create undercut devices with a cylindrical symmetry. |
| URL | https://research.cardiff.ac.uk/converis/portal/detail/Dataset/108194561?auxfun=&lang=en_GB |
| Title | Laser-written waveguide-integrated coherent spins in diamond - data |
| Description | 'Laser-written waveguide-integrated coherent spins in diamond' data The dataset includes excel files with the raw data for each figure in the manuscript. The filename of the files points towards each labelled subplot in each figure and the necessary description. Figure 1 is photoluminescence (PL) studies of laser-written waveguide integrated nitrogen-vacancy centers (WGINVs). (a) PL map of WGINV A in type IIa diamond from the z-direction (overhead). It includes x-y and x-z planes with the resolution of 250 nm and PL rate unit of kHz, and x, y, z slices from PL maps. (b) The emission spectrum of single WGINV A and ensemble NVs. (c) The photon emission correlation of single WGINV A. (d) The power-dependent PL rate for single WGINV A. (e) PL map of WGINVs in type Ib diamond from the z-direction (overhead). It includes x-y and x-z planes with the resolution of 250 nm and PL rate unit of Hz, and x, y, z slices from PL maps. (f) PL map of the WGINVs in type Ib diamond mapped from the y-direction (along the waveguide). It includes x-y and x-z planes with the resolution of 250 nm and PL rate unit of kHz, and x, z slices from PL map. Figure 2 is optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra of single WGINVs and ensemble WGINVs. (a) includes continuous wave (CW) and pulse zero-field ODMR for single WGINV A. (b) includes CW and pulse ODMR with applied magnetic field for single WGINV A. (c) includes CW and pulse zero-field ODMR for single WGINV B. (d) includes CW and pulse ODMR with applied magnetic field for single WGINV B. (e) is the zero-field ODMR for ensemble WGINVs (f) is CW ODMR with applied magnetic field for ensemble WGINVs. Figure 3 is the time domain ODMR spectrum of single WGINVs in type IIa diamond (from (a) to (h)) and ensemble WGINVs in type Ib diamond (from (i) to (l)). (a), (b), (c), and (d) are Rabi, free induced decay (FID), Hahn echo, and relaxometry measurements for single WGINV A. (e), (f), (g), and (h) are Rabi, FID, Hahn echo, and relaxometry measurements for single WGINV B. (i), (j), (k), and (l) are Rabi, free induced decay (FID), Hahn echo, and relaxometry measurements for ensemble WGINVs. Figure 4 is an illustration figure, and does not contain any raw data to be included as part of this data repository. Figure 5 is high-resolution confocal normalized PL image of single WGINVs A in type IIa diamond. It includes the PL maps from x-y plane and x-z plane with the resolution of 50 nm, and the x, y, z slices from PL maps. Figure 6 is Rabi oscillations for single WGINV A (a) and single WGINV B (b) at weak MW power. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://research-data.cardiff.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Laser-written_waveguide-integrated_coherent_spi... |
| Title | Measuring photon correlation using imperfect detectors- data |
| Description | Research data linked to https://arxiv.org/html/2411.12835v1. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Applied. Files labelled according to published article.Figure_1a: Photon statistics for 3 canonical light sources. Column 1 = time. Other columns = probability of second photon detection for the 3 sources, as labelled.Figure_1b: Saturation of a detector with deadtime for 3 canonical light sources. Column 1= Detectable events. Other columns = detections, for the 3 sources, as labelled.Figure_2a: Loss of detector efficiency with detection rate. Column 1 = Detectable events. Other columns = detector efficiency for different sources. Figure_2b: Column 1= Waiting times. Column 2 = Waiting time distribution. Column 3 = efficiency.Figure 2b_insert: Column 1 = Waiting time. Column 2= detections. Figure_2c: Efficiency drop with detection rate. Column 1= Detections. Other columns = detector efficiency for the 3 canonical sources. Figure_3b; Second order correlation versus incident rate. Column 1= Time. Other columns = second order correlation function for the different detected rates, as labelled.Figure_3c: Third order correlation matrix. Row 1 and Column 1 =Time differences. Other cells are the (normalised) 3rd order correlation function.Figure_3d: Column 1= Detections. Column 2 = second order correlation. [2 data files are included, for the experimental data and the result of the simulation model] Figure_3e: Column 1= Detections. Column 2 = third order correlation. [2 data files are included, for the experimental data and the result of the simulation model] Figure_3f: Column 1= Detections. Column 2 = fourth order correlation. [2 data files are included, for the experimental data and the result of the simulation model] Figure 4a: Simulation of number of detectors (column 1) versus second order correlation function (other columns) for 3 incident rates, as labelled.Figure 4b: Simulation of number of detectors (column 1) versus coincidence rate (other columns) for 3 incident rates, as labelled.Figure_6a: Second order correlation from the Martiensen lamp. Column 1 = time, Column 2 = second order correlation. Same data is shown in Figure_6b at a smaller time range.Figure_6c: Magnitude of the second order correlation as the lens focal position is changed. Column 1 = focal position in mm. Column 2 = magnitude of second order correlation function. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://research-data.cardiff.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Measuring_photon_correlation_using_imperfect_de... |
| Title | Nanoscale Localization Microscopy and Deterministic Lithography of Solid State Quantum Emitters |
| Description | Dataset associated with the manuscript titled "Nanoscale Localization Microscopy and Deterministic Lithography of Solid State Quantum Emitters.The dataset is structured into sub-folders, where each folder corresponds to one figure in the manuscript. The data in each subplot is presented in individual "CSV" files. A short description of each dataset is found below.Fig2a.csv - Confocal laser-scanning microscopy image of the reflection of metallic markers. The data is a 2D array of photon intensity, where the first row incorporates the X axis, the first column the Y. The remaining dataset is the measured photon intensity at each pixel of the image. The units for both axis are in micro-meters.Fig2_b.csv - Confocal laser-scanning microscopy image of the fluorescence from quantum emitters. The data is a 2D array of photon intensity, where the first row incorporates the X axis, the first column the Y. The remaining dataset is the measured photon intensity at each pixel of the image. The units for both axis are in micro-meters.Fig2_b_overlay.csv - Positions of the quantum emitters in the image of Fig2_b.csv (green circles in the Figure).Fig2_c.csv - Bivariant histogram of the localized position of 300 repeats of the marker MK4 and emitter QE3, presented as a 2D array. The first row incorporates the Y axis, the first column the X. The remaining dataset is the binned frequency at each pixel of the image. The units for both axis are in micro-meters.Fig2_c_inset_MK4_TopRight.csv - Bivariant histogram of the localized position of 300 repeats of the marker MK4, presented as a 2D array. The first row incorporates the Y axis, the first column the X. The remaining dataset is the binned frequency at each pixel of the image. The units for both axis are in micro-meters.Fig2_c_inset_QE3_BottomLeft.csv - Bivariant histogram of the localized position of 300 repeats of the emitter QE3, presented as a 2D array. The first row incorporates the Y axis, the first column the X. The remaining dataset is the binned frequency at each pixel of the image. The units for both axis are in micro-meters.Fig2_d.csv - The X position delta, taken from the mean of the dataset, as a function of the sample number for 300 repeat samples.Fig2_e.csv - Binned X position delta of the the data presented in "Fig2_d.csv". The corresponding Gaussian fit line is additionally included.Fig2_f.csv - Binned Y position delta. The corresponding Gaussian fit line is additionally included.Fig2_g.csv - The relative X position delta, taken from the mean of the dataset, as a function of the sample number for 300 repeat samples.Fig2_h.csv - Binned relative X position delta of the the data presented in "Fig2_d.csv". The corresponding Gaussian fit line is additionally included.Fig2_i.csv - Binned relative Y position delta. The corresponding Gaussian fit line is additionally included.Fig3_a.csv - The position error in both X and Y from projecting the expected positions of quantum emitters as compared to a direct measurement. The X and Y positions are in micro-meters.Fig3_b.csv - Histograms of the position error in X. The histograms data is accompanied with the Gaussian fit line.Fig3_c.csv - Histograms of the position error in Y. The histograms data is accompanied with the Gaussian fit line.Fig4_a.csv - Confocal laser-scanning microscopy image of the fluorescence from quantum emitters, after deterministic lithography. The data is a 2D array of photon intensity, where the first row incorporates the X axis, the first column the Y. The remaining dataset is the measured photon intensity at each pixel of the image. The units for both axis are in micro-meters.Fig4_b.csv - Confocal laser-scanning microscopy image of the reflection of metallic markers, after deterministic lithography. The data is a 2D array of photon intensity, where the first row incorporates the X axis, the first column the Y. The remaining dataset is the measured photon intensity at each pixel of the image. The units for both axis are in micro-meters.Fig4_b_overlay.csv - Positions of the quantum emitters in the image of Fig4_b.csv (green circles in the Figure).Fig5a.csv - Confocal laser-scanning microscopy image of the fluorescence from quantum emitter QE3. The data is a 2D array of photon intensity, where the first row incorporates the X axis, the first column the Y. The remaining dataset is the measured photon intensity at each pixel of the image. The units for both axis are in micro-meters.Fig5_b.csv - Confocal laser-scanning microscopy image of the reflection around quantum emitter QE3. The data is a 2D array of photon intensity, where the first row incorporates the X axis, the first column the Y. The remaining dataset is the measured photon intensity at each pixel of the image. The units for both axis are in micro-meters.Fig5_c.csv - Optical pump power dependent intensity measurement of the quantum emitter QE3 before and after embedment in a micro-pillar. Fig5_d.csv - Optical pump power dependent intensity measurement of the quantum emitter QE12 before and after embedment in a micro-pillar. Fig5_e.csv - Second-order correlation measurement of the photon statistics of QE3. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2026 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://research-data.cardiff.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Nanoscale_Localization_Microscopy_and_Determini... |
| Title | Room-temperature Quantum Emitter in Aluminum Nitride |
| Description | A novel quantum light source is characterised within our work with laser scanning microscopy including; confocal scan maps, raman spectroscopy, photon counting time resolved, photon counting second order correlation, spectrally resolved, polarisation resolved, temperature resolved and excitation power dependent measurements. The data is available as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (.xlsx). Confocal scan maps are presented as a 2D matrix, where the first column and first row represent the X and Y axis respectively. Spectral measurements are presented in a two column format for photon energy (eV) and arbitrary intensity (a.u.). Second order correlation measurements (g^(2)) are presented in two columns as time (ns) and normalised g^(2). A histogram representing a statistical analysis of emitter energies (which represents the energy at which the spectrum for each emitter has reached half its maximum intensity on the higher energy side) is given in two columns, where the first column is the HM value (eV) for emitters with an obvious zero-phonon line (ZPL) and the second column is the HM (eV) for emitters without an obvious ZPL. Raman data is given in two colums with the wavenumber (cm^-1) against arbitrary intensity (a.u.). Time resolved photon counting data is also presented in two columns, where the first column is either time [s] or X/Y position [um] and the second column is photon counts (counts s^-1). Power dependent data is given in 4 columns, where the first column is the excitation power (uW) and the further three columns are the intensity (counts s^-1) of the emitter, the substrate background and the corrected (emitter minus substrate background) intensity. Polarisation data is presented in one sheet, in 4 coumns. The first and third column is the polarisation rotation for the excitation and collection (degree) respectively. The corresponding photon-counting intensity (a.u.) is given in column 2 and 4 for the excitation and collection respectively. Temperature dependent data is presented in three columns, with the temperature (k), the zero-phonon line energy (eV) and the full width half maximum of the ZPL (meV) in column one, two and three respectively. Research results based upon these data are published at https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00528 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Quantum emission from the sample is attributed to point-like defects embedded deep within the band gap of AlN. The below band gap excitation used here suggests that the defect states are directly being excited. The nature of the emitters is unknown, but several theoretical studies have predicted and studied spin-dependent defects in AlN. (17-20) Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements from the manufacturer (Dowa Electronics Materials Co.) show trace levels of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and silicon in the sample. In the future, controlled introduction of other impurities via direct growth or implantation may enable us to engineer desirable spin systems in AlN. Control of the spin states may be possible via the piezoelectric effect, similar to what has been achieved in emitters in SiC (10) or through resonant optical fields. The cross-polarized maxima in emission and absorption dipoles presents an ideal arrangement for efficient polarization filtered resonant control, which conventionally limits the efficiency to 50% due to the perpendicular excitation and detection optics required to isolate the laser. (25) Owing to significant existing investment in AlN transducers and sensors this material may be able to compete with diamond and SiC as a viable platform for quantum technologies if it can be shown to host spin-dependent emission from the color centers: in these other materials optical manipulation and read-out of color center spin states (9,26) has enabled sensitive nanoscale sensing (27,28) and promising room-temperature qubits. |
| URL | http://doi.org/10.17035/d.2020.0110094158 |
| Description | Collaboration with Dr Luca Sapienza |
| Organisation | University of Glasgow |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Samples exchanged, joint grant submission to EPSRC now funded as EP/X03982X/1 starting 2024. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Online discussions have led to an idea to pattern metallic nanorings above emitters in our samples. We prepared a sample and sent it to Glasgow Uni. On the back of this a joint EPSRC grant proposal was submitted in Nov 2022. |
| Impact | Grant proposal |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | Collaboration with KLA |
| Organisation | KLA |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Studentship. KLA provide 1/3rd funding. I will supervise, provide lab access and expertise |
| Collaborator Contribution | KLA provide expertise, funding and supervision |
| Impact | Studentship, to start shortly |
| Start Year | 2026 |
| Description | Collaboration with Prof Amalia Patane, Nottingham University |
| Organisation | University of Nottingham |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Sample exchange with Prof Patane. Several online discussions and some processing in Cardiff. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Sample supply of wide bandgap semiconductors. |
| Impact | Not yet |
| Start Year | 2024 |
| Description | Collaboration with Prof Eickhoff |
| Organisation | University of Bremen |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration with Prof Martin Eickhoff, University of Bremen from 2023 onwards. Staff exchange and sample co-development funded internally by Cardiff & Bremen universities to ~£7,000. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Samples currently being prepared in Cardiff Cleanroom. PostDoc from Cardiff will benefit from secondment to Bremen for 2 weeks in Spring 2024 to carry out epitaxy on these samples. |
| Impact | No outputs yet |
| Start Year | 2023 |
| Description | Collaboration with Prof Huili Grace Xing, Cornell University |
| Organisation | Cornell University |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Optical measurements |
| Collaborator Contribution | Sample supply: MBE grown GaN of different polarity |
| Impact | None |
| Start Year | 2024 |
| Description | Attendance at Wales Innovation Network Event in Brussels |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | Event in Brussels on 28th Feb 2024 in Brussels, Belgium organised by the Wales Innovation Network (WIN). The event was to promote Welsh research to the EU following the UK's return to Horizon 2020. Attendance by all 8 Welsh universities, Welsh First minister and others. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Display at Cardiff Science week "After Dark" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | In Cardiff science week there is an annual event held at the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff. It is well attended by the general public. I presented a stand about imaging with smartphones. My group has also presented an exhibit called "can you see a single photon?" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023,2024,2025 |
| URL | https://museum.wales/cardiff/whatson/12129/After-Dark-Science-on-Show/ |
| Description | Generation Tech |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Generation Tech is an Outreach project in which I will work with local educational organisation Science-Made-Simple to develop a workshop for schools to educate pupils about everyday uses of semiconductors, for instance in mobile phones. It will be piloted in Welsh schools, but thereafter rolled out nationally. Funded with £23K from Higher Education Funding Council for Wales. Delivered by PI and others in approx 20 schools in late 2022 to the present day, on-going. Some staff costs charged to the Fellowship in early 2023 to support delivery. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |