CeM-CATS: A Centre for Multi-disciplinary Computer Assisted Tomography at Southampton
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Southampton
Department Name: Faculty of Engineering & the Environment
Abstract
The childhood dream of Superman's instant 3D X-ray vision is becoming a substantial reality across a tremendous range of contemporary science and engineering. In particular, the three dimensional imaging of X-ray computed tomography (CT) is reaching far beyond the more widely known medical domain, as generally identified with 'CAT' scanning (after computer assisted, or axial, tomography). The last decade has seen the appearance of technologies for rapid, CT scanning of objects, from rockets to rocks to rodents, with commercial equipment that is now within the reach of individual universities and university departments. Whilst taking high resolution three dimensional images has almost become as fast as taking a polaroid photograph, there is a price for scientists and engineers concerned with using the technique. In particular, few turn out to be ready for the enormous volumes of information that are produced and the extensive analysis required. We propose bringing together teams of scientists and engineers that have immediate need of CT imaging, with a suite of advanced CT capabilities, along with world-leading experts in high performance computing (HPC), and the art of image processing within computers (Computer Vision). Together this will produce a uniquely efficient, multi-disciplinary centre for 3D imaging science, exploiting the latest technologies in cost-effective supercomputing and data handling methods. The centre will further exploit our experience in eScience, unifying and simplifying the interaction between human, instrument and data.Over 40 academics, drawn from almost half of the departments of the University are committed to this initiative. Three core themes are identified in Engineering, Biomedical and Environmental Science, addressing many critical current human needs in areas such as energy, climate change and the origins of lifelong health. When included with facilities already available at Southampton, the centre will provide for the entire imaging process for samples of the order of an ant's head to a car engine; from initial experimental concept & training, through data capture & analysis, to new scientific knowledge.
Organisations
- University of Southampton (Lead Research Organisation, Project Partner)
- X-Tek Systems Ltd (Nikon Metrology UK Ltd) (Collaboration)
- Mines ParisTech (Collaboration)
- Chomarat Group (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM (Collaboration)
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (Collaboration)
- Mitsubishi Chemical Co Ltd (Collaboration)
- Henry Royce Institute (Collaboration)
- IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON (Collaboration)
- Teledyne Technologies International Corp (Collaboration)
- Luxfer Gas Cylinders (Collaboration)
- Uppsala University (Collaboration)
- Weizmann Institute of Science (Collaboration)
- Siemens AG (Collaboration)
- Ostera (Collaboration)
- Atomic Weapons Establishment (Collaboration)
- Boeing (Collaboration)
- University of Leuven (Collaboration)
- Cytec Industries (Collaboration)
- Toyota Motor Corporation (Collaboration)
Publications
Bull DJ
(2022)
Modelling of stress transfer in root-reinforced soils informed by four-dimensional X-ray computed tomography and digital volume correlation data.
in Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
Bunsell A
(2018)
Benchmarking of strength models for unidirectional composites under longitudinal tension
in Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
Chippendale R
(2014)
Numerical modelling of thermal decomposition processes and associated damage in carbon fibre composites
in Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
Clark T
(2020)
Correlative X-ray and neutron tomography of root systems using cadmium fiducial markers.
in Journal of microscopy
Cooper LJ
(2016)
An Image-Based Model of Fluid Flow Through Lymph Nodes.
in Bulletin of mathematical biology
Croudace IW
(2012)
Evidence for the preservation of technogenic tritiated organic compounds in an estuarine sedimentary environment.
in Environmental science & technology
| Description | Following the preliminary launch of services in January 2011 and full launch in September 2011, we can report that the Centre has: - Performing some 140 user experiments per annum (consistent level between ~2012 & 2016), serving projects from a wide range of funding bodies, including EPSRC, MRC, NERC, BBSRC, NERC, TSB, Leverhulme Trust, DSTL, EU, NPL, English Heritage, The Arts Council, Leverhulme, Wellcome, The British Heart Foundation, STFC, MoD, USAF/EOARD, . - Acted as a founding partn |
| Exploitation Route | - Industrial projects and consultancy support to date include: Airbus, AugustaWestland, Luxfer, Mott-MacDonald, Cytec, Wallop Defence, De Puy, Vestas, Invibio, Aurora Medical, Philips Healthcare, Moog, Mott Macdonald, Semprus Biosciences, RSI, GKN, EADS, Mclaren, CTG, Renishaw, MBDA, Moog, Meggitt, Mahle, Drax and Qinetiq. We are typically involved - Collaborative proposals and projects have been developed with several industrial research institutions: National Composite Centre (UK), NPL (U |
| Sectors | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Agriculture, Food and Drink,Construction,Creative Economy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Environment,Healthcare,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology,Transport |
| URL | http://www.southampton.ac.uk/muvis |
| Description | The X-ray service has settled at a reasonably consistent usage pattern of ~ 70% academic and 30% industrial use (based on numbers of tasks). The industrial use covers a number of sectors, but most significant are: (a) structural composites, and (b) high value electro-mechanical devices (valves, sensors etc). Industrial use is particularly centred around our high kV/large sample scanner, providing a technical capability that few companies can support themselves. Forms of industrial use include manufacturing (e.g. defect detection) and service analysis. Within the academic context, user experiments now fall into the following approximate proportions: 40% traditional engineering applications, 30% biomedical and bioengineering, 15% 'heritage' (archaeology/palaeontology/arts), 15% environmental applications. Two areas of unexpected but now potentially major impact are: (a) crop systems engineering, and (b) soft tissue histopathology. The crop systems engineering activity has strongly drawn on X-ray imaging of soil and roots in support of multiscale biophysical simulation. This has mushroomed into a multi-million pound collaborative grant portfolio with both academic and industrial partners. In the long term this is expected to make a substantial contribution to multi-disciplinary resolution of future crop security. Short term commercial impact being indicated by a recent Knowledge Transfer Secondment to the innovative sewage nutrient recovery company, Ostera (having launched the UK's first nutrient recovery plant in 2013). Having finished the KTS, Ostera has funded additional work. In relation to soft tissue histopathology, the lab has published the first known data showing diagnostically relevant 3D information from standard clincial histopathology samples, thereby opening microCT to an entrirely new clincial market. This led to two submissions for translational medicine grants (TSB & Wellcome, both with Nikon) to realise the potential of this technology in relation to respiratory healthcare. The pre-clinical trial work was funded by Wellcome Foundation, bringing together a panel of world-leading histopathologists to review diagnostic power against a range of lung conditions. This has now been followed up by a £1.1M award from Wellcome to continue translating µCT into routine pathology use (see awards) On the aerospace and manufacturing theme, our track record in structural composites and large CT capabilities has been exploited in a TSB project collaboration with Nikon and QinetiQ to specifically evidence large-scale NDE capabilties for future aerospace product development. This has also led to several £100k's of direct industrial research/consultancy on CT of complex additively manufactured parts. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2013 |
| Sector | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Agriculture, Food and Drink,Environment,Healthcare,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections |
| Impact Types | Societal,Economic |
| Description | Application of advanced computed tomography to pressure vessels (Knowledge Transfer Secondment) |
| Amount | £66,946 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | EP/H500243/1 |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 06/2011 |
| End | 05/2012 |
| Description | Applications of advanced computed tomography (Knowledge Transfer Secondments) |
| Amount | £75,851 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | EP/H500243/1 |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 06/2013 |
| End | 05/2014 |
| Description | BBSRC/NERC Soil Security Programme - Large Grant |
| Amount | £1,012,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | BB/L026058/1 |
| Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 04/2015 |
| End | 03/2019 |
| Description | Biocompatible fibre composites |
| Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Southampton |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 10/2010 |
| End | 09/2013 |
| Description | Biocompatible fibre composites |
| Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Southampton |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 10/2010 |
| End | 09/2013 |
| Description | Boeing - Industrial funds |
| Amount | £87,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Boeing |
| Sector | Private |
| Country | United States |
| Start | 10/2015 |
| End | 09/2018 |
| Description | CR&D |
| Amount | £449,577 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | TS/L008254/1 |
| Organisation | Innovate UK |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 04/2014 |
| End | 03/2017 |
| Description | Certification for Design - Reshaping the Testing Pyramid |
| Amount | £6,924,663 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | EP/S017038/1 |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 08/2019 |
| End | 07/2024 |
| Description | Exploring the influence of the plant lateral root gravitropic set point angle on architecture in soils using X-Ray Computed Tomography |
| Amount | £114,798 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | BB/I023321/1 |
| Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 12/2011 |
| End | 03/2013 |
| Description | Foundations for routine 3D X-ray histology |
| Amount | £1,135,071 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 212940 |
| Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 10/2018 |
| End | 09/2021 |
| Description | Future Manufacturing Research Hubs 2016 |
| Amount | £9,999,069 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | EP/P006701/1 |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 06/2017 |
| End | 05/2022 |
| Description | H2020 Marie Curie ITN |
| Amount | € 3,370,807 (EUR) |
| Funding ID | 722626 |
| Organisation | European Research Council (ERC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | Belgium |
| Start | 04/2017 |
| End | 03/2021 |
| Description | Metrology of structured surfaces |
| Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | A*STAR - Southampton Research Attachment Programme |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 10/2011 |
| End | 09/2014 |
| Description | Metrology of structured surfaces |
| Amount | £60,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | University of Southampton |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 10/2011 |
| End | 08/2014 |
| Description | Mitsubushi Rayon - Industrial funding |
| Amount | £100,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Mitsubishi Chemical Co Ltd |
| Sector | Private |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2015 |
| End | 09/2018 |
| Description | National Research Facility for Lab X-ray CT |
| Amount | £10,097,652 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | EP/T02593X/1 |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 11/2020 |
| End | 10/2025 |
| Description | Pathfinder |
| Amount | £98,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 109682/Z/15/Z |
| Organisation | Wellcome Trust |
| Department | Wellcome Trust Bloomsbury Centre |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 04/2016 |
| End | 07/2017 |
| Description | Quaternary incision of the lower Mekong River |
| Amount | £63,419 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/J012440/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 04/2012 |
| End | 09/2012 |
| Description | Regenerative Medicine Capital Funding |
| Amount | £1,161,943 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | MR/L012626/1 |
| Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 08/2013 |
| End | 04/2014 |
| Description | Standard Research |
| Amount | £350,964 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 10/2014 |
| End | 10/2018 |
| Description | Standard Research |
| Amount | £615,038 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 10/2015 |
| End | 09/2019 |
| Description | Truly Predicting Root Uptake of Water: Case Study with Wheat |
| Amount | £366,498 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | BB/J000868/1 |
| Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 08/2012 |
| End | 08/2015 |
| Title | µVIS Data & Metadata |
| Description | All scans carried out (~140 user experiments per year) are automatically logged and archieved in a single searchable database for (a) raw data, (b) scan metadata, and (c) image post-processing. Total entries now in the order of 600 experiments |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2012 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Groups involved in fibre fracture modelling in CFRP have set up collaborations |
| Description | 3D imaging of fibre break processes in CFRPs |
| Organisation | Mitsubishi Chemical Co Ltd |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Expertise in fibre break studies in CFRPs, particularly in situ loaded |
| Collaborator Contribution | Funding for researchers (PhD and brief research fellowship) |
| Impact | No impact yet (early stages) |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | AWE KTS |
| Organisation | Atomic Weapons Establishment |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Algorithmic strategies for CT image quality analysis and limited data reconstruction problems |
| Collaborator Contribution | Samples, context |
| Impact | Knowledge transfer |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Cytec KTS |
| Organisation | Cytec Industries |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Imaging methods and image-driven modelling of composite mechanics |
| Collaborator Contribution | Materials, industrial context and applications |
| Impact | Knowledge transfer |
| Start Year | 2010 |
| Description | Experimental validation of onset theory for failure in CFRPs |
| Organisation | Boeing |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Expertise in in situ CT testing of CFRPs |
| Collaborator Contribution | PhD funding |
| Impact | No impact - early stages. |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | FiBreMoD - Fibre break models for designing novel composite microstructures and applications |
| Organisation | BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | X-ray imaging of CFRP failure |
| Collaborator Contribution | Modelling |
| Impact | Just started |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | FiBreMoD - Fibre break models for designing novel composite microstructures and applications |
| Organisation | Chomarat Group |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | X-ray imaging of CFRP failure |
| Collaborator Contribution | Modelling |
| Impact | Just started |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | FiBreMoD - Fibre break models for designing novel composite microstructures and applications |
| Organisation | Imperial College London |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | X-ray imaging of CFRP failure |
| Collaborator Contribution | Modelling |
| Impact | Just started |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | FiBreMoD - Fibre break models for designing novel composite microstructures and applications |
| Organisation | Mines ParisTech |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | X-ray imaging of CFRP failure |
| Collaborator Contribution | Modelling |
| Impact | Just started |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | FiBreMoD - Fibre break models for designing novel composite microstructures and applications |
| Organisation | Siemens AG |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | X-ray imaging of CFRP failure |
| Collaborator Contribution | Modelling |
| Impact | Just started |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | FiBreMoD - Fibre break models for designing novel composite microstructures and applications |
| Organisation | Toyota Motor Corporation |
| Department | Toyota Motor Europe NV SA |
| Country | Belgium |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | X-ray imaging of CFRP failure |
| Collaborator Contribution | Modelling |
| Impact | Just started |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | FiBreMoD - Fibre break models for designing novel composite microstructures and applications |
| Organisation | University of Leuven |
| Country | Belgium |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | X-ray imaging of CFRP failure |
| Collaborator Contribution | Modelling |
| Impact | Just started |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | FiBreMoD - Fibre break models for designing novel composite microstructures and applications |
| Organisation | Weizmann Institute of Science |
| Country | Israel |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | X-ray imaging of CFRP failure |
| Collaborator Contribution | Modelling |
| Impact | Just started |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Future Composites Manufacturing Hub |
| Organisation | University of Nottingham |
| Department | School of Chemistry Nottingham |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Spoke responsible for imaging |
| Collaborator Contribution | Just started |
| Impact | Just started |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Imaging composite damage - Uniersity of Uppsala & GKN |
| Organisation | Uppsala University |
| Department | Department of Engineering Sciences |
| Country | Sweden |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Secondment of PhD (Sanjay Sisoida) to µVIS from Uppsala for CT imaging - use of labs |
| Collaborator Contribution | PhS student time |
| Impact | Journal article: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.05.010 Not multi-disciplinary |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | Luxfer KTS |
| Organisation | Luxfer Gas Cylinders |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Technical capabilities |
| Collaborator Contribution | Samples, industrial context & applications |
| Impact | Knowledge transfer |
| Start Year | 2010 |
| Description | Multiscale and In Situ Laboratory X-Ray Computed Tomography National Research Facility |
| Organisation | Henry Royce Institute |
| Department | Henry Royce Institute – University of Manchester Facilities |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Spoke site for National Research Facility for lab computed tomography: we (Southampton) cover (a) large engineering structure imaging and (b) biomedical imaging. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Manchester, Warwick, UCL & Southampton, together provide a multi-disciplinary coverage of UK X-ray CT needs in engineering and physical sciences |
| Impact | NRF is just starting (<6 months) |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Nikon TSB |
| Organisation | X-Tek Systems Ltd (Nikon Metrology UK Ltd) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Development of new large scale hardware for aircraft component NDE via X-ray methods |
| Collaborator Contribution | Industrial context/applications and joint TSB funding (with QinetiQ) of "Project CAN" (£2.7M total project budget) |
| Impact | Ongoing project |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Ostera KTS |
| Organisation | Ostera |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Innovative imaging of plants, soil & fertiliser bahaviour |
| Collaborator Contribution | Materials, industrial context/application. |
| Impact | Knowledge transfer |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | Teledyne Scientific and U Miami |
| Organisation | Teledyne Technologies International Corp |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Provision of synchrotron CT data for structural modelling tools for FRPs |
| Collaborator Contribution | Modelling of specific experimental cases, training of Southampton PhD (Mr Gregor Borstnar) at Miami, provision of AFEM modelling software tools |
| Impact | Joint conference contribution (3DMS, Thousand Oaks, 2012). Recently accepted journal article to Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids |
| Start Year | 2011 |
| Title | MicroCT for routine clinical pathology |
| Description | Wellcome Trust Pathfinder award and in-house lab activities, identifying ability to image diagnostically relevant structural features at µm scale in standard biopsies: critically, on samples that are prepared and mounted by fully standard pathology lab methods (wax mounted, no radiographic staining), causing no interruption to standard histopathology workflows. |
| Type | Diagnostic Tool - Imaging |
| Current Stage Of Development | Early clinical assessment |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2016 |
| Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
| Impact | Development systems are being built (in UK) |
| Description | Colossal pliosaur fossil secrets revealed by CT scanner |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Various BBC News items varied by TV and Radio on many BBC channels, also included in web content here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12039963 Further medica enquiries |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010,2011 |
| Description | Great British Bioscience Festival 2014 (with Medical Faculty) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Trial runs with public have sparked consistent high levels of public interest in underlying science TBD |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| URL | http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/society/exhibitions/gb-bioscience-festival/gb-bioscience-festival-index.aspx |
| Description | Materials Research Exchange 2014 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | New industrial contacts New industrial user enquiries |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| URL | https://www.eventsforce.net/iom/frontend/reg/thome.csp?pageID=166280&eventID=369&eventID=369 |
| Description | Teeth, bones & X-rays! Schools visit |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Supporting the KS2 science curriculum, the "Teeth, Bones and X-rays!" event covered a range of science and engineering activities, including examination of genuine Saxon remains, numerous animal skulls, Jurassic Coast fossils and a Halloween pumpkin with a hidden surprise (revealed by X-ray). Members of staff from Engineering & Environment, Biological Sciences and Humanities worked together to a tight schedule, providing a unique multi-disciplinary programme. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| URL | http://www.southampton.ac.uk/muvis/media-activities/highfield-school-openday-2016.page |
| Description | X-ray vision takes centre stage at unique new UK facility |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Prehistoric marine monsters, human tissue, aircraft wings and even fossilised crocodile dung are yielding their innermost secrets to a unique new X-ray Imaging Centre - improved visability of the centre across many disciplines. Sustained numbers of equiries from new users |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2011 |
| Description | X-rays reveal secrets of Roman coins |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Guardian online report on high energy X-ray imaging of archaeological artifacts, see http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/jul/09/x-rays-reveal-secrets-roman-coins Sustained interest in heritage applications of CT |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |