Silicon Photonics for Future Systems

Lead Research Organisation: University of Southampton
Department Name: Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC)

Abstract

Silicon Photonics is poised to transform photonics in applications ranging from intra and inter-chip interconnect to lab on a chip; from consumer products to Fibre to the Home transceivers; from high performance computing interconnect to environmental sensing. In other words silicon will bring photonics to mass markets. Despite significant progress recently, in order to successfully transform photonics in this way, several key research challenges still need to be overcome. In this programme we will tackle all of these research challenges, and in so doing we will do nothing less than facilitate a revolution in low cost photonics, placing the UK at its centre.

To succeed in mass markets silicon photonics requires (i) a low cost method of comprehensively testing at the wafer scale; (ii) a passive alignment coupling technique from fibre to optical chip; (iii) a means of scaling the functionality of the photonic circuit; (iv) very low power, high data rate modulators; and (v) low cost integrated lasers on chip. To date there are no satisfactory solutions for any of these issues, but this programme will find solutions for them all.

We have a technical advantage in all aspects of the work due either to previous projects in which we have produced the best silicon modulators in the world today, as well as the first erasable silicon Bragg gratings; or due to preparatory work that we have carried out in advance of this project in which we have carried out modelling and even some preparatory experimentation on dual layer photonics, passive alignment of fibres to silicon photonics circuits. In the case of low cost integrated lasers, we have previous experience within a European project, and we are also working with an international collaborator from KAIST, Korea, with whom we jointly have a technical lead in the area.

To maximise the impact of our work, we will produce proof-of-concept demonstrators towards the end of the programme, that showcase the research achievements to all stakeholders within the UK, an approach that has attracted key industrial partners to the programme as they recognise both the transformative work that will be done, and the opportunity to contribute to the work and influence its direction and impact. The importance of our proposed programme has already been recognised internationally as we have been asked in a letter of support from Professor Kimerling at MIT, to report annually to the USA industry forum, co-ordinated by MIT, giving tremendous exposure for UK supported work.

In letters of support the proposed work has been endorsed as essential by leaders in the field from around the world at MIT, Intel, Tokyo University, and Paris-Sud University, as well as photonics leaders from within the UK engaged in other programme grants (Seeds (UCL), Penty (Cambridge), Zayats (Kings), Dawson (Strathclyde), Payne and Zheludev (both Southampton), and UK industry (Oclaro, Sharp, Wentworth).

Within the programme, we have 4 UK industrial partners (Oclaro, Wentworth Laboratories, Sharp Laboraties of Europe, and Intel), 4 international academic partners (KAIST, MIT, University of Tokyo, and Paris Sud), as well as numerous offers of support and collaboration from academic institutions within the UK. Our collaborators have pledged ~£500,000 of in-kind support to the programme.

Planned Impact

Silicon Photonics is one of the most buoyant technologies in the world today, and is set to revolutionise short reach interconnects for applications in computing and communications, as well as impacting sensors, domestic appliances, and healthcare in the longer term. In order that silicon photonics realises its potential, several effective technologies proposed in this programme are required which marry the established technologies of micro-electronics and III-V photonics, with Si photonics.

The results of our research will have economic impact in the longer term, in a large number of fields by facilitating the mass production of silicon photonics. That will be of benefit to a number of UK based manufacturers, particularly our project partners who will be well positioned to develop the work further (Oclaro, Sharp Laboratories, and Wentworth Laboratories). Similarly researchers within the field will enjoy increased opportunities for device and system level complexity and functionality, as well as increased numbers of application areas facilitated by potential low cost photonic devices, circuits, and systems. The impact on society will be through a variety of applications in mass production environments. These include, but are not limited to applications that provide high data transmission, higher resolution TV, faster computing and low power consumption and which will therefore impact day to day life.

The results will be monitored for any opportunities to file worthwhile patents. Resulting intellectual property rights will be shared between project participants based on the contributions made by the individual partners, and this arrangement will be embodied in a collaboration agreement which will be made between the partners. Exploitation of arising IP is likely to be via licensing and any resulting revenues will be distributed among the partners according to their shared rights. Southampton has substantial research support resources and considerable experience in the commercial exploitation of research as it has been the driving force behind a cluster of new companies that develop and manufacture products based on photonics technology.

We also expect the work to provide impact via our advocacy activities in which we aim to use public events and personal contacts to influence policy makers on the importance of science & engineering, to stimulate interest within schools, and to engage with the wider community. For greater engagement we will organise two open days in the mid/latter stages of the programme, engage with the South-East Photonics NETwork (SEPNET), EU Si Photonics cluster and the Royal Society Summer exhibition. Because of the importance of the programme and significance of the proposed work MIT have requested that we participate in their annual roadmapping activity and industry forum, which would be an ideal opportunity to engage with leading industry in the US to maximise the impact of our research.

The programme will provide a valuable resource for the UK, a new generation of researchers and leaders in the silicon photonics field. It is known that there is a dearth of well-trained materials scientists entering the UK job market, a great concern for industry and the future economy. Our programme will provide further training and stimulation to retain staff in science or engineering. In the proposed programme, the PDRAs will engage directly with the entire consortium, including collaborators, the steering committee and any new partners brought into the programme, thus increasing their expertise on fabrication, design and characterisation of photonic devices. We are fully committed to develop young researchers and will give the PDRAs project management responsibility for their respective project elements.

Publications

10 25 50

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G. Z. Mashanovich (2015) Silicon photonics for the mid-infrared

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Littlejohns CG (2015) Next generation device grade silicon-germanium on insulator. in Scientific reports

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Nedeljkovic M (2015) Surface-Grating-Coupled Low-Loss Ge-on-Si Rib Waveguides and Multimode Interferometers in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

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G. T. Reed (2015) Group IV mid-IR photonics

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Thomson D (2016) Roadmap on silicon photonics in Journal of Optics

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Ettabib M (2016) Polarization Insensitive Wavelength Conversion in a Low-Birefringence SiGe Waveguide in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

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Domínguez Bucio T (2016) Hot-Wire Chemical Vapour Deposition for Silicon Nitride Waveguides in ECS Transactions

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Lacava C (2016) Ultra-Compact Amorphous Silicon Waveguide for Wavelength Conversion in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

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Littlejohns C (2016) Localised Tuneable Composition Single Crystal Silicon-Germanium-on-Insulator for Low Cost Devices in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

 
Description Additional funding was obtain from EPSRC to complete the work. However, despite delays due to COVID-19, outputs from the grant have been very strong, including a new world-record performance of an optical modulator-driver combination, published in Optica in 2020 to much acclaim. Additional papers based on work from the programme have also continued to appear via the extension funding as well as subsequent writing up of contributions.

As previously reported, we held an online showcase event (originally intended as a face to face event), showcasing the outputs and achievements of the programme. More than 220 people worldwide registered, including from the USA, Canada, China, Singapore and various European countries. The showcase included a series of demonstrations of the technology, as well as a series of videos on the growth and development of personnel within the programme, as well as conventional talks. Emminent international experts praised both the programme and the event. One delegate from Canada even went as far as saying that this was the best online event that they had ever attended.
Exploitation Route Multiple patents have been filed which are attracting interest. We are currently in discussion with two major companies about further development of some aspects of the work, and have also attracted further funding for some aspects, to work on ideas that have emerged from the project.

Some of the technology developed in the programme is also being made available to UK researchers via the Southampton/Glasgow foundry service called CORNERSTONE.
Sectors Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Electronics,Energy,Environment,Healthcare,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology

URL http://sotonfab.co.uk/
 
Description Yes. Intel has picked up some of our work and has carried out further research. Ficontec, a company from Germany is using our technology in it's marketing. The AIM consortium in the USA is proposing use of erasable couplers for wafer scale testing. Rockley Photonics is interested in our high speed modulator work for future products. Multiple discussions are ongoing
First Year Of Impact 2020
Sector Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Electronics,Energy
Impact Types Economic

 
Description AIM Photonics USA
Geographic Reach North America 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
Impact AIM Photonics is a USA inititiative to bring together companies and Universities in the Photonics sector to look at manufacturability and standardisation. Reed has been asked to represent the European perspective at the meetings
URL http://www.aimphotonics.com/
 
Description European Optical Society (EOS)
Geographic Reach Europe 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
Impact The Society acts as a focus for European activities in Photonics, runs several conferences, and a professional Journal
URL http://www.myeos.org/about
 
Description Development of silicon photonics components
Amount £278,000 (GBP)
Funding ID n/a 
Organisation Pointcloud Inc. 
Sector Private
Country United States
Start 11/2018 
End 04/2020
 
Description Four channel silicon optical modulators
Amount £476,965 (GBP)
Funding ID n/a 
Organisation Huawei Technologies 
Sector Private
Country China
Start 08/2019 
End 02/2021
 
Description Horizon 2020: PICTURE
Amount € 3,924,533 (EUR)
Funding ID 780930 
Organisation European Union 
Sector Public
Country European Union (EU)
Start 01/2018 
End 02/2022
 
Description Industry Funding
Amount £380,000 (GBP)
Organisation Huawei Technologies 
Sector Private
Country China
Start 08/2015 
End 02/2017
 
Description International Exchange Scheme
Amount £24,000 (GBP)
Organisation The Royal Society 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2014 
End 08/2016
 
Description National Hub in High Value Photonic Manufacturing
Amount £10,220,725 (GBP)
Funding ID EP/N00762X/1 
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2016 
End 12/2022
 
Description Prosperity Partnership
Amount £4,800,000 (GBP)
Funding ID EP/R003076/1 
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 11/2017 
End 10/2022
 
Description Towards a revoltion in Optical Communications
Amount £1,055,484 (GBP)
Funding ID EP/V012789/1 
Organisation University of Southampton 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2021 
End 01/2024
 
Description Towards a revolution in optical communications
Amount £1,055,484 (GBP)
Funding ID EP/V012789/1 
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 04/2021 
End 03/2024
 
Title Data underpinning article "224-Gb/s Carrier-recovery-free Doubly Differential 2ASK-8PSK for Access Network" 
Description  
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2018 
Provided To Others? Yes  
URL http://researchdata.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/335
 
Title Data underpinning article "86-GBaud subcarrier multiplexed 16QAM signal generation using an electrical 90 degree hybrid and IQ mixers" 
Description  
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
 
Description BBC 
Organisation British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The BBC is represented on the Steering Committee for this grant.
Collaborator Contribution The BBC is represented on the Steering Committee for this grant.
Impact Annual reports to and from the steering committee have been written and an annual update meeting held involving all consortium partners.
Start Year 2013
 
Description Collaboration 
Organisation Nanyang Technological University
Country Singapore 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaborative work. Both institutions can design and fabricate devices, but have complementary expertise, so sometimes devices are fabricated at one institution and sometimes at the other. Both also do device characterisation
Collaborator Contribution Collaborative work. Both institutions can design and fabricate devices, but have complementary expertise, so sometimes devices are fabricated at one institution and sometimes at the other. Both also do device characterisation
Impact Publications
Start Year 2015
 
Description Collaboration 
Organisation Optocap Ltd
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution We are working with Optocap, a packaging company. We provide the design and idea. We fabricate the chips.
Collaborator Contribution Optocap have significant experience in packaging optical chips. They are taking our chips, and working with us to attach optical fibres
Impact None as yet, but we hope to have our first demonstration later this year.
Start Year 2014
 
Description Ghent 
Organisation University of Ghent
Country Belgium 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The University of Ghent is represented on the Steering Committee for this grant.
Collaborator Contribution The University of Ghent is represented on the Steering Committee for this grant.
Impact Annual reports to and from the steering committee have been written and an annual update meeting held involving all consortium partners.
Start Year 2013
 
Description Innovation Fund - Aston 
Organisation Aston University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We have awarded funds (£50,000 fEC) as part of the Innovation Fund of this grant for the project
Collaborator Contribution Work collaboratively with the team on work package 3 of the grant.
Impact Nothing to report yet.
Start Year 2016
 
Description Innovation Fund - Glasgow 
Organisation University of Glasgow
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We have awarded funds (£68,650 fEC) as part of the Innovation Fund of this grant for the project "Mass Assembly of Microdisk Lasers on Silicon Photonic Devices"
Collaborator Contribution Work collaboratively with the team on work package 5 of the grant.
Impact Quarterly project update reports to the wider project consortium. Written papers (see Publications section).
Start Year 2014
 
Description Innovation Fund - Glasgow & Strathclyde 
Organisation University of Glasgow
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We have awarded funds (£36,000 fEC to Strathclyde and £28,918.75 fEC to Glasgow) as part of the Innovation Fund of this grant for the project "Scalable, Parallel Integration of III-Vs on SOI"
Collaborator Contribution Work collaboratively with the team on work package 5 of the grant.
Impact Quarterly project update reports to the wider project consortium. Written papers (see Publications section).
Start Year 2014
 
Description Innovation Fund - Glasgow & Strathclyde 
Organisation University of Strathclyde
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We have awarded funds (£36,000 fEC to Strathclyde and £28,918.75 fEC to Glasgow) as part of the Innovation Fund of this grant for the project "Scalable, Parallel Integration of III-Vs on SOI"
Collaborator Contribution Work collaboratively with the team on work package 5 of the grant.
Impact Quarterly project update reports to the wider project consortium. Written papers (see Publications section).
Start Year 2014
 
Description Innovation Fund - Queen Mary 
Organisation Queen Mary University of London
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We have awarded funds (£49,927.50 fEC) as part of the Innovation Fund of this grant for the project "Hybrid Organic-Silicon Wafers"
Collaborator Contribution Work collaboratively with the team on work package 5 of the grant.
Impact No outputs as yet.
Start Year 2015
 
Description Intel 
Organisation Intel Corporation
Department INTEL Research
Country United States 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Intel are represented on the Steering Committee for this grant.
Collaborator Contribution Intel are represented on the Steering Committee for this grant.
Impact Annual reports to and from the steering committee have been written and an annual update meeting held involving all consortium partners.
Start Year 2013
 
Description KAIST 
Organisation HGST
Country United States 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Collaborative work on work package 5 of the programme. Prof Kyoungsik Yu has been appointed a visiting professor at the University of Southampton for the duration of the programme.
Collaborator Contribution Collaborative work with the project team on work package 5, this includes staff time and III-V Lasers provided.
Impact Published papers (see publications section)
Start Year 2013
 
Description MIT 
Organisation Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution MIT are represented on the steering committee for this grant.
Collaborator Contribution MIT are represented on the Steering Committee for this grant.
Impact Annual reports to and from the steering committee have been written and an annual update meeting held involving all consortium partners.
Start Year 2013
 
Description Oclaro 
Organisation Oclaro
Country United States 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Ongoing collaboration between Oclaro and UoS which involves attending meetings, discussion and advice sharing. Researchers from this grant have worked onsite at Oclaro.
Collaborator Contribution Oclaro are represented on the management board of the grant and they have contributed significant staff time and also laser devices for the integrated source development.
Impact Fabricated chips
Start Year 2013
 
Description PKU 
Organisation Peking University
Country China 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Exchanged visits with our collaborators at PKU and provided the devices which were used in their systems testbed.
Collaborator Contribution Provided access to their systems testbed for experimentation.
Impact Two journal publications were produced by this collaboration.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Physics & Astronomy - University of Southampton 
Organisation University of Southampton
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaborative work
Collaborator Contribution Collaborative work
Impact N/A
Start Year 2013
 
Description Sharp 
Organisation Sharp Laboratories of Europe Ltd
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution We are having ongoing discussion on how to best collaborate together on this project.
Collaborator Contribution We are having ongoing discussion on how to best collaborate together on this project.
Impact Nothing to report yet.
Start Year 2013
 
Description St Andrews 
Organisation University of St Andrews
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaboration
Collaborator Contribution Collaboration
Impact Papers published (see publications section)
Start Year 2013
 
Description Univ of Peking 
Organisation Peking University
Department School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science
Country China 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Experimental tests using the high-speed facilities of our laboratories. Exchange of staff for joint experiments.
Collaborator Contribution Design and commissioning of silicon photodiodes. Exchange of staff for joint experiments.
Impact High-quality journal publications. A top-scored paper at the major international conference OFC'2020.
Start Year 2018
 
Description University of Bordeaux 
Organisation University of Bordeaux
Country France 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaborative work.
Collaborator Contribution Collaborative work.
Impact N/A
Start Year 2013
 
Description Wentworth 
Organisation Wentworth House Partnership Ltd
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution We are having ongoing discussion on how to best collaborate together on this project.
Collaborator Contribution We are having ongoing discussion on how to best collaborate together on this project.
Impact Nothing to report yet.
Start Year 2013
 
Title "Grating couplers for a silicon on insulator waveguide, and methods of designing, fabricating and using the grating couplers" 
Description R Marchetti, C Lacava, P Petropoulos, P Minzioni, G T. Reed, I Cristiani, Application US16/023,266 "Grating couplers for a silicon on insulator waveguide, and methods of designing, fabricating and using the grating couplers"2018 
IP Reference US16/023,266 
Protection Patent application published
Year Protection Granted 2018
Licensed No
Impact Discovery shared within academic community.
 
Title Apparatus comprising at least one optical device optically coupled to at least one waveguide on an optical chip 
Description Apparatus comprising at least one optical device (106) optically coupled to at least one waveguide (111) on an optical chip (100), characterised in that: (i) the optical device (106) is optically aligned with the waveguide (111) by aligning means (114, 116); (ii) the aligning means (114, 116) comprises at least one male member (114) and at least one female (116) member which locate together; (iii) one of the male member (114) and the female member (116) is positioned on the optical chip (100); (iv) the other one of the male member (114) and the female member (116) is positioned on a capping chip (102); and (v) the apparatus includes a mirror (108) for reflecting light from the optical device (106) to the waveguide (111). 
IP Reference GB2522381 
Protection Patent granted
Year Protection Granted 2015
Licensed No
Impact Additional research funding
 
Title ERASABLE ION IMPLANTED OPTICAL COUPLERS 
Description Erasable ion implanted optical couplers are described. In one example a method includes implanting ions into a substrate to form a grating in a waveguide of an optical device coupling optical signals into and out of the waveguide and through the grating, and annealing the substrate to remove the grating after coupling optical signals through the waveguide. 
IP Reference WO2011142913 
Protection Patent granted
Year Protection Granted 2011
Licensed No
Impact additional research funding
 
Title ERASABLE OPTICAL COUPLER 
Description The disclosure provides a method of forming an erasable optical coupler in a photonic device comprising a conventional optical waveguide formed in a crystalline wafer. The method comprises selectively implanting ions in a localised region of the wafer material adjacent to the conventional waveguide of the photonic device, to cause modification of the crystal lattice structure of, and a change in refractive index in, the ion implanted region of the wafer material to thereby form an ion implanted waveguide optically coupled to the adjacent conventional waveguide to couple light out therefrom, or in thereto. The crystalline wafer material and ion implanted waveguide are such that the crystal lattice structure or composition can be modified to adjust or remove the optical coupling with the conventional waveguide by further modification of the refractive index in the ion implanted region, in particular by heating. The disclosure also includes an apparatus for carrying out the method, devices fabricated by means of the method, an apparatus for testing an erasable coupler in a waveguide device, and an apparatus for erasing an optical coupler comprising means for localised annealing of a material of the waveguide device, in particular by means of heat or light, as well as a system for sequentially producing a photonic device comprising the fabrication, testing and erasing apparatuses. 
IP Reference EP3602153A1;GB2561155A;WO2018172740A1 
Protection Patent application published
Year Protection Granted 2017
Licensed No
Impact We have developed prgrammable optical circuits based upon this device
 
Title Electro-optic device 
Description An electro-optic device, comprising a layer of light-carrying material; and a rib, projecting from the layer of light-carrying material, for guiding optical signals propagating through the device. The layer of light-carrying material comprises a first doped region of a first type extending into the rib, and a second doped region of a second, different type extending into the rib such that a pn junction is formed within the rib. The pn junction extends substantially parallel to at least two contiguous faces of the rib, resulting in a more efficient device. In addition, a self-aligned fabrication process can be used in order to simplify the fabrication process and increase reliability and yield. 
IP Reference US2016062154 
Protection Patent granted
Year Protection Granted 2016
Licensed No
Impact lead to other industry interest (application number 1002726.6)
 
Title Electro-optic modulator with asymmetric electrode spacing 
Description The present invention provides an electro-optic modulator and an optical communication system in which a wider signal electrode may be used without affecting the characteristic impedance of the device or the efficiency of the optical modulation. In embodiments of the invention, asymmetric coplanar electrodes are provided such that the gap Loptimal between the signal electrode 112 and one reference electrode 114 may be optimized for the optical waveguide and the semiconductor section surrounding it, and the gap Ltuned between the signal electrode 112 and the other reference electrode 116 may be optimized for a particular characteristic impedance. Such that the gaps Loptimal and Ltuned are not of equal width. 
IP Reference GB2493690 
Protection Patent granted
Year Protection Granted 2013
Licensed No
Impact Additionally research funding
 
Title Electro-optical device comprising a ridge waveguide and a PN junction and method of manufacturing said device 
Description An electro-optic device, comprising an insulating layer and a layer light-carrying material adjacent the insulating layer. The layer of light-carrying material, such as silicon, comprises a first doped region of a first type and a second doped region of a second, different type abutting the first doped region to form a pn junction. The first doped region has a first thickness at the junction, and the second doped region has a second thickness at the junction, the first thickness being greater than the second thickness, defining a waveguide rib in the first doped region for propagating optical signals. Since the position of the junction coincides with the sidewall of the waveguide rib a self-aligned process can be used in order to simplify the fabrication process and increase yield. 
IP Reference US2015160483 
Protection Patent granted
Year Protection Granted 2015
Licensed No
Impact The invention claimed is: 1. A method of fabricating an electro-optic device, comprising: doping a first region of a layer of light-carrying material with a dopant of a first type; depositing a mask over a part of said layer of light-carrying material and partially etching areas of the layer not covered by the mask, to form thereby a relatively thicker waveguide rib for propagating optical signals; and doping a second region of the layer, abutting the mask, to form a second doped region of a
 
Title OPTICAL (DE)MULTIPLEXERS 
Description An optical demultiplexer/multiplexer, comprising : a multimode interference waveguide; at least one first coupling waveguide which meets the multimode interference waveguide at at least one first location and a plurality of second coupling waveguides which meet the multimode interference waveguide at a plurality of second locations which are spaced in a direction of transmission in relation to the at least one first location, with the at least one first coupling waveguide and the second coupling waveguides together with the multimode interference waveguide providing a first angled multimode interferometer which operates to demultiplex a first optical signal having optical channels of a plurality of wavelengths or multiplex optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths into a first optical signal having optical channels of the plurality of wavelengths; at least one third coupling waveguide which meets the multimode interference waveguide at at least one third location and a plurality of fourth coupling waveguides which meet the multimode interference waveguide at a plurality of fourth locations which are spaced in a direction of transmission in relation to the at least one third location, with the at least one third coupling waveguide and the plurality of fourth coupling waveguides together with the multimode interference waveguide providing a second angled multimode interferometer which operates to demultiplex a second optical signal having optical channels of a plurality of wavelengths or multiplex optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths into a second optical signal having optical channels of the plurality of wavelengths; whereby the demultiplexer/multiplexer provides for the demultiplexing/multiplexing of first and second optical signals having optical channels of a plurality of wavelengths. 
IP Reference WO2016042167 
Protection Patent granted
Year Protection Granted 2016
Licensed No
Impact Additional research funding in all cases.
 
Title Optical (De)multiplexers (BAMMI) 
Description Optical (De)multiplexers (BAMMI) - bidirectional fabrication tolerence multiplexer 
IP Reference GB1416601.1 
Protection Patent application published
Year Protection Granted
Licensed No
Impact None yet- just been filed.
 
Title Optical Slope Waveguides for Multilayer Photonics Platform 
Description Optical Slope Waveguides for Multilayer Photonics Platform 
IP Reference US Patent Application No 15/999,071 
Protection Patent application published
Year Protection Granted 2018
Licensed Yes
Impact Optical Slope Waveguides for Multilayer Photonics Platform
 
Title Scripting Library 
Description A library of scripting code to generate PCells for silicon photonics devices such as waveguides, ring-resonators, and grating couplers. 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2015 
Open Source License? Yes  
Impact Faster layout generation which leads to accelerated turn out of devices. 
 
Description Callum Stirling took Co-direction of the outreach programme Lightwave Roadshow from October 2017 to present, 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Callum Stirling undertook:
1. Co-direction of the outreach programme Lightwave Roadshow from October 2017 to present,
which has reached almost 3500 people in that period. Specific activities demonstrated at:
(a) Workshop at Springhill Primary School, Southampton, UK, 5th February 2018.
(b) International Day of Light outreach masterclass, University of Southampton, UK, 16th May
2018.
(c) Workshop with St Monica Primary School at University of Southampton, UK, 22nd May 2018.
(d) Workshop at Wicor Primary School, Fareham, UK, 24th May 2018.
(e) Cheltenham Science Festival, Cheltenham, UK, 7th-8th June 2018.
2. Management of a series of outreach and public engagement activities for the first
International Day of Light: an outreach masterclass (several consecutive workshops and a laser show);
a multidisciplinary public forum; a light-themed art competition for secondary school students; and a
video on the International Day of Light that was promoted through a children's radio station's website.
University of Southampton/Cantell School, Southampton, UK, May 2018.
3. Participation in the Optics Outreach Games, at SPIE Optics + Photonics, San Diego, USA, 19th
August 2018, where the team won first prize.
4. Presentation of the International Day of Light activities at Optics Education and Outreach V,
part of SPIE Optics + Photonics, San Diego, USA, 22nd August 2018.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017,2018
 
Description Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The project was a leadeing participant in the organisation of a one day conference held as part of the National Photonex event. The event was entitled "Silicon Photonics Adoption in UK Industry". The aim was to promote and increase interactions between UK industry and academia.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Discussion Forum 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact • February 2020: Reed contributed to a panel discussion, Photonics West, San Francisco 2020.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Dr Stevan Stankovic and Mr Nathan Soper were speakers at the Science and Engineering Festival 2016, part of British Science Week 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact General Public invited to see the technology of Southampton University. The University of Southampton opened its doors to thousands of people for its biggest outreach event of the year, Science and Engineering Festival 2016, part of British Science Week. Amongst the huge range of activities, tours and shows on offer was the opportunity to see inside the state-of-the-art Zepler Institute Cleanroom Complex, home to the best set of nanoelectronics and photonics fabrication capabilities in the UK.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://www.zeplerinstitute.ac.uk/news/4858
 
Description Industry Talk - EPIC 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact Dr David Thomson gave a talk - Silicon electro-optic devices - at the European industry event (EPIC) WORKSHOP ON PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, 9-10 June 2015, Location: EVG, St. Florian am Inn, Austria. The purpose was to raise the profile of the working being done at Southampton and network with relevant industrial contacts.

Dr Thomson was also a member of an expert panel answering questions about the technology.

Dr Milan Milosevice gave a talk in February 2017 at an EPIC workshop in Austria.

Professor Reed gave a keynote presentation at an EPIC industry workshop in Brussels in March 2017
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015,2017
URL http://www.epic-assoc.com/epic-workshop-on-photonic-integrated-circuits/
 
Description International Women'S Day 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact A. Tong participated in the International Women's Day event in March 2015. This is a networking event for 6th form students and various industry partners with sponsors talking about the role of women in STEM careers and research. Its aim was to provide students with an opportunity to see how light technology is used in communications and to encourage female students into science.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description International Women's Day 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact • March 2019: Supporting International Women's Day. Supported by a grant from SPIE for International Women's Day, and also by the Royal Academy of Engineering
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Invited Talk at the MIT Microphotonics Center 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact Professor Reed delivered a presentation on the fabrication facility sponsored by EPSRC, together with a question and answer session regarding how international users could engage with the project. The discussion was perhaps a little early in the development cycle of the project, but should result in concrete engagement later.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Italian Physical Society 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact July 2014 - Italian Physical Society. 80 PhD students on International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" - led by Prof David Richardson
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Katarzyna Grabska took part in the following activities: 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Katarzyna Grabska took part in the following activities:
1. Lightwave workshop at Springhill Primary School, Southampton, UK, 5th February 2018.
2. Women into Technology event for International Women's Day, Sparsholt College, Winchester,
UK, 8th March 2018.
3. Lightwave workshop at St John's Primary School, Southampton, UK, 26th March 2018.
4. Series of activities for female pupils, through the 2018 SPIE Women in Optics Grant, March -
July 2018.
5. 'Build your own optical illusion' workshop for students not studying STEM subjects, part of the
Festival of Doctoral Research, University of Southampton, UK, 11th May 2018.
6. International Day of Light art competition, Cantell School, UK, May 2018 (see above).
7. INSPIRE class, University of Southampton, UK, 4th July 2018.
8. Two workshops with the Access to Southampton initiative, University of Southampton, UK,
July 2018.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014,2017,2018
 
Description LGBT STEM day 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact • July 2019: A talk from a scientist on "Diversity and Gender equality", and a discussion panel on Diversity issues, held in an LGBT friendly venue in Southampton City Centre. Funded by a grant from the OSA Foundation for Diversity and Inclusion as part of LGBT STEM day.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Lake Como School of Advanced Studies 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact August/September 2015 - Lake Como School of Advanced Studies. Teaching "Spatiotemporal complexity in nonlinear optics" to 60 PhD students. (Prof David Richardson)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Lauren Reid was involved in the following outreach events: 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact 1. Women into Technology event for International Women's Day, Sparsholt College, Winchester,
UK, 8th March 2018.
2. Bringing Research to Life Roadshow at The Thomas Hardye School in Dorchester, UK, 16th April
2018.
3. Lightwave workshop with St Monica Primary School at University of Southampton, UK, 22nd
May, 2018.
4. Lightwave workshop at Wicor Primary School, Fareham, UK, 24th May, 2018.
5. Cheltenham Science Festival, Cheltenham, UK, 7th-8th June 2018.
6. Access to Southampton workshop, University of Southampton, 10th July 2018.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017,2018
 
Description Light: Enabling the Global internet era 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Prof. P Petropoulos organised a public symposium at ECOC called "Light: Enabling the Global internet era". (An IYL event)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL http://www.ecoc2015.org/modules.php?name=webstructure&idwebstructure=80
 
Description Miss Amy Tong attended INSPIRE Class, University of Southampton 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact INSPIRE Class, University of Southampton, UK, 5 July 2017.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013,2017
 
Description Miss Amy Tong attended Student Chapter Competition, OSA Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science (FiO/LS) Student Leadership Conference, Rochester, NY, 19 October 2016. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Student Chapter Competition, OSA Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science (FiO/LS) Student Leadership Conference, Rochester, NY, 19 October 2016.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Miss Amy Tong took part in Communicating with Light and Jelly Class for Young Carers, University of Southampton, UK, 21 February 2017. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Patients, carers and/or patient groups
Results and Impact Communicating with Light and Jelly Class for Young Carers, University of Southampton, UK, 21 February 2017.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Miss Amy Tong took part in International Women's Day City Celebration, Southampton, UK, 11 March 2017. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact International Women's Day City Celebration, Southampton, UK, 11 March 2017.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Miss Amy Tong took part in Optics Outreach Game, at SPIE Optics and Photonics Conf., San Diego, CA, 28 August 2016. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Optics Outreach Game, at SPIE Optics and Photonics Conf., San Diego, CA, 28 August 2016
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Miss Amy Tong took part in Science and Engineering Festival 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact Southampton Science and Engineering Festival (SOTSEF) 2017 ran for an entire week from 10th-19th March to coincide with British Science Week. There were different science activities happening across the city of Southampton throughout the week. The largest and most anticipated event of SOTSEF was the fifteenth annual Science and Engineering Day which took place across the University of Southampton's Highfield and Boldrewood campuses on Saturday 18th March.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Open Day - Master Students 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact 11 students attended a tour of the lab to see the optical characterisation set up.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Outreach to community. Mr Nathan Soper (PhD student).5. Speaker at Pint of Science Southampton,RHS Flower Show, Student Outreach programmes, and Southampton Science and Engineering day. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact 1. 2016 Photonics Day at the University for year 8-9 children.
2. 2015 RHS Flower Show Tatton Park - which won a SEPnet Public engagement award.
3. Science and Engineering Day 2016
4. Numerous events with 'Lightwave' the ORC's student outreach program, as described in the original proposal.
5. Speaker at Pint of Science Southampton, in which scientists and engineers engage with the public in a relaxed environment, typically a pub, to describe their research work and its impact.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015,2016,2017
 
Description Poster presentation at the House of Commons 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Milan will present a poster titled: "Ion implantation technology - Britain's led the way to automated testing in photonics" at the House of commons. The aim of STEM for BRITAIN is to encourage, support and promote Britain's early-stage and early-career research scientists, engineers, technologists and mathematicians who are an essential part of continuing progress in and development of UK research and R&D.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL http://www.setforbritain.org.uk/index.asp
 
Description Science and Engineering Day 2016 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This one-day, free event is the spectacular finale of the Southampton Science and Engineering Festival (SOTSEF). The University will be opening both Highfield and Boldrewood campus to the public to come and explore science and engineering through a wide-range of hands on activities, shows/demonstrations, talks and tours of the University's state of the art research environments.

The event is organised by the University's Public Engagement with Research unit (www.soton.ac.uk/per) and supported by the UK Science Festivals Network (http://sciencefestivals.uk/)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://app.researchfish.com/getform/0/dissemination-to-non-academic-audiences?action=add&delegator=...
 
Description Siegman International School on Lasers 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact August 2014 - Siegman International School on Lasers. 100 PhD students (30% from developing nations & 26% female) to promote research and engineering for optical community. • August 2014 - Siegman International School on Lasers. 100 PhD students (30% from developing nations & 26% female) to promote research and engineering for optical community. (Prof David Richardson)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Solent Skills Festival 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact In November 2014 A Tong and N Soper took part in the Solent Skills Festival, a fair opened to school students and general public showcasing a range of hands-on activities to engage students and the public in the world of optics and science.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Vinita Mittal contributed to the Southampton University open day. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact Vinita Mittal contributed to the Southampton University open day.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017,2018
 
Description Women in Science 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact • February 2018: Soapbox: Women in Science at Bournemouth University
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Women into Technology 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact • March 2018: Women into Technology event for International Women's Day, Sparsholt College, Winchester
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018