Supporting early language development and interest in reading with digital personalised books
Lead Research Organisation:
University College London
Department Name: Learning and Leadership
Abstract
The ubiquity of handheld digital technologies and dramatic rise in digital book reading in England and USA have led to a heightened commercial interest in personalised tablet and smartphone digital books (DPBs) for 3 to 5-year-old children. However, the educational value of many of these resources is questionable. There is a lack of developmentally-appropriate DPBs to enhance children's early reading experience, and a lack of knowledge regarding how parents and educators can best support children's learning with digital media. The proposed research responds to these issues by investigating how children's language development and reading experience can be enhanced by using digital personalised books. It will also identify effective strategies for parents and early educators to support children's early reading with digital technology.
The study will begin by developing a system for identifying and rating the personalisation features of children's digital books that are potentially effective for enhancing children's early language and literacy development. Parents, early years teachers and app designers will be interviewed to gain their perspectives on the possibilities and challenges of personalisation in children's digital books. Observations will be made of naturally-occurring parent-child reading practices with DPBs in five UK homes, over a 6-month period. These will be followed by rigorous experimental evaluation of thirty children's immediate and enduring language development and reading interest through reading DPBs. The resultant dataset will be scrutinised to clarify the potential of personalisation features in digital software for promoting children's language development and independent reading, and to identify effective strategies for motivating children's co-reading with their parents at home and with early educators.
Throughout the project, international experts in early language and literacy will support the development of 1) theoretical understanding of the under-researched yet educationally potent area of personalisation features in children's digital books 2) an innovative, interdisciplinary and rigorous methodological framework, with original qualitative and quantitative datasets for supporting parent-child and early educator-child co-reading with DPBs, and 3) a bank of recommendations and resources for supporting children's language and early literacy learning through DPBs for parents, teachers, policy-makers, and digital book and app producers.
Outcomes from the project will include international knowledge exchange between early reading experts at UCL IOE, University of Waikato, Cardiff University and Harvard Graduate School. This combined expertise will be used to benefit young children by informing parents, early years practitioners, and digital book designers about effective personalisation features in children's digital books, and effective strategies for supporting young children's language development and interest in reading with a range of digital media. The findings will be disseminated via a series of workshops for US and UK teachers, app designers and digital book publishers. Four magazine articles will be written for early years professionals, and regular parent- and teacher-oriented blogs will provide a forum for discussion for teachers and parents interested in the use of digital books with their children. The project website will provide multi-media guidance (video and interactive tips) for parents and teachers on effective reading practices with digital books that promote early co-reading at home and independent reading in school. Four academic publications and three conference papers on digital reading and personalisation will be submitted to high-impact academic journals and international conferences.
The study will begin by developing a system for identifying and rating the personalisation features of children's digital books that are potentially effective for enhancing children's early language and literacy development. Parents, early years teachers and app designers will be interviewed to gain their perspectives on the possibilities and challenges of personalisation in children's digital books. Observations will be made of naturally-occurring parent-child reading practices with DPBs in five UK homes, over a 6-month period. These will be followed by rigorous experimental evaluation of thirty children's immediate and enduring language development and reading interest through reading DPBs. The resultant dataset will be scrutinised to clarify the potential of personalisation features in digital software for promoting children's language development and independent reading, and to identify effective strategies for motivating children's co-reading with their parents at home and with early educators.
Throughout the project, international experts in early language and literacy will support the development of 1) theoretical understanding of the under-researched yet educationally potent area of personalisation features in children's digital books 2) an innovative, interdisciplinary and rigorous methodological framework, with original qualitative and quantitative datasets for supporting parent-child and early educator-child co-reading with DPBs, and 3) a bank of recommendations and resources for supporting children's language and early literacy learning through DPBs for parents, teachers, policy-makers, and digital book and app producers.
Outcomes from the project will include international knowledge exchange between early reading experts at UCL IOE, University of Waikato, Cardiff University and Harvard Graduate School. This combined expertise will be used to benefit young children by informing parents, early years practitioners, and digital book designers about effective personalisation features in children's digital books, and effective strategies for supporting young children's language development and interest in reading with a range of digital media. The findings will be disseminated via a series of workshops for US and UK teachers, app designers and digital book publishers. Four magazine articles will be written for early years professionals, and regular parent- and teacher-oriented blogs will provide a forum for discussion for teachers and parents interested in the use of digital books with their children. The project website will provide multi-media guidance (video and interactive tips) for parents and teachers on effective reading practices with digital books that promote early co-reading at home and independent reading in school. Four academic publications and three conference papers on digital reading and personalisation will be submitted to high-impact academic journals and international conferences.
Planned Impact
This project aims to make societal and economic impact by enhancing the effectiveness of children's digital book reading, and ways to support it, with a specific focus on personalisation in children's digital reading materials. The research offers particular potential for impact upon the use of children's digital books at home and school, generating crucial information and guidance for parents and teachers into new forms of book reading. The primary beneficiaries are:
CHILDREN - The potential for the study to impact on children's learning arises from:
1) enhancing parents' recognition of the key personalisation features embedded in commercially available digital books and how these might impact upon their children's language learning and interest in reading;
2) enhancing teachers' recognition of the ways in which young children experience digital books at home, and ways DPBs could be used in classroom to promote learning;
3) improving digital book design, notably developing books/apps for young children that are not only entertaining but also beneficial for children's language and literacy development, and are based in empirical evidence supported by robust theorisation.
PARENTS - The findings from this research will increase parents' awareness of the potentials and constraints of digital book reading and will clarify how specific reading strategies may support or hinder children's language development and reading interest. The research will share examples of effective strategies for digital book reading with their children at home, and disseminate this knowledge through diverse popular media to other parents interested in using digital books with their children, and to practitioners interested in linking the use of digital books at school to children's home experiences.
EARLY YEARS PROFESSIONALS: The study involves focus groups with UK teachers and workshops with US and UK teachers. The findings from these activities will have benefit beyond practitioners in the UK and US, as digital book reading is a worldwide phenomenon and interest in the topic is evident from the success of several international practitioner-oriented conferences focused on digital book reading with young children (e.g., The Digital Literacy for Pre-schoolers conference held in Montreal, 2015).
SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY MAKERS - The project will be of direct relevance to US and UK policy-makers, including the Department for Education in the UK, Boston Public Schools (a school district serving the city of Boston, Massachusetts, US) and other bodies involved in the policy concerning children's early education and engagement with new technologies.
CHILDREN'S DIGITAL INDUSTRY - It is anticipated that the detailed empirical research would improve understanding of digital book designers/publishers of how digital books are used in home and school contexts. The findings will have significance beyond the specific software currently used, as they synthesise the key features of digital personalised software available for young children and draw on practices from various families and learning contexts. Together with the theoretically founded insights developed in Phase 2, findings from Phase3 and discussion between practitioners and parents facilitated by knowledge exchange activities in Phase4, the project will support the conceptualising and designing of new children's digital books.
OTHER STAKEHOLDERS- This research will support literacy coordinators, ICT coordinators, librarians, literacy charities and other stakeholders who make decisions about investing funds in children's digital books. In this way, the project also addresses the RCUK Digital Economy Theme, researching and realising the transformational impact of digital technologies on aspects of society and the economy.
CHILDREN - The potential for the study to impact on children's learning arises from:
1) enhancing parents' recognition of the key personalisation features embedded in commercially available digital books and how these might impact upon their children's language learning and interest in reading;
2) enhancing teachers' recognition of the ways in which young children experience digital books at home, and ways DPBs could be used in classroom to promote learning;
3) improving digital book design, notably developing books/apps for young children that are not only entertaining but also beneficial for children's language and literacy development, and are based in empirical evidence supported by robust theorisation.
PARENTS - The findings from this research will increase parents' awareness of the potentials and constraints of digital book reading and will clarify how specific reading strategies may support or hinder children's language development and reading interest. The research will share examples of effective strategies for digital book reading with their children at home, and disseminate this knowledge through diverse popular media to other parents interested in using digital books with their children, and to practitioners interested in linking the use of digital books at school to children's home experiences.
EARLY YEARS PROFESSIONALS: The study involves focus groups with UK teachers and workshops with US and UK teachers. The findings from these activities will have benefit beyond practitioners in the UK and US, as digital book reading is a worldwide phenomenon and interest in the topic is evident from the success of several international practitioner-oriented conferences focused on digital book reading with young children (e.g., The Digital Literacy for Pre-schoolers conference held in Montreal, 2015).
SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY MAKERS - The project will be of direct relevance to US and UK policy-makers, including the Department for Education in the UK, Boston Public Schools (a school district serving the city of Boston, Massachusetts, US) and other bodies involved in the policy concerning children's early education and engagement with new technologies.
CHILDREN'S DIGITAL INDUSTRY - It is anticipated that the detailed empirical research would improve understanding of digital book designers/publishers of how digital books are used in home and school contexts. The findings will have significance beyond the specific software currently used, as they synthesise the key features of digital personalised software available for young children and draw on practices from various families and learning contexts. Together with the theoretically founded insights developed in Phase 2, findings from Phase3 and discussion between practitioners and parents facilitated by knowledge exchange activities in Phase4, the project will support the conceptualising and designing of new children's digital books.
OTHER STAKEHOLDERS- This research will support literacy coordinators, ICT coordinators, librarians, literacy charities and other stakeholders who make decisions about investing funds in children's digital books. In this way, the project also addresses the RCUK Digital Economy Theme, researching and realising the transformational impact of digital technologies on aspects of society and the economy.
People |
ORCID iD |
Natalia Kucirkova (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Kucirkova N
(2017)
An integrative framework for studying, designing and conceptualising interactivity in children's digital books
in British Educational Research Journal
FitzGerald E
(2017)
Dimensions of personalisation in technology-enhanced learning: A framework and implications for design
in British Journal of Educational Technology
Kucirkova N
(2017)
Personalised reading for pleasure with digital libraries: towards a pedagogy of practice and design
in Cambridge Journal of Education
Kucirkova N
(2018)
The future-gazing potential of digital personalization in young children's reading: views from education professionals and app designers
in Early Child Development and Care
Messer D
(2018)
Evaluating the effectiveness of an educational programming intervention on children's mathematics skills, spatial awareness and working memory
in Education and Information Technologies
Kucirkova N
(2018)
A taxonomy and research framework for personalization in children's literacy apps
in Educational Media International
Kucirkova N
(2019)
How Could Children's Storybooks Promote Empathy? A Conceptual Framework Based on Developmental Psychology and Literary Theory
in Front Psychol
Kucirkova N
(2019)
How Could Children's Storybooks Promote Empathy? A Conceptual Framework Based on Developmental Psychology and Literary Theory.
in Frontiers in psychology
Kucirkova N
(2020)
An empirical investigation of parent-child shared reading of digital personalized books
in International Journal of Educational Research
Kucirkova N
(2021)
An empirical investigation of parent-child shared reading of digital personalized books
in International Journal of Educational Research
Kucirkova N
(2019)
The Learning Value of Personalization in Children's Reading Recommendation Systems What Can We Learn From Constructionism?
in International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning
Kucirkova N
(2019)
Socio-material directions for developing empirical research on children's e-reading: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of the literature across disciplines
in Journal of Early Childhood Literacy
Kucirkova N
(2020)
Understanding parents' conflicting beliefs about children's digital book reading
in Journal of Early Childhood Literacy
Kucirkova N
(2019)
Systematic review of young children's writing on screen: what do we know and what do we need to know
in Literacy
Kucirkova N
(2020)
Digital literacies and children's personalized books: Locating the 'self'
in London Review of Education
Kucirkova N
(2018)
Children's agency and reading with story-apps: considerations of design, behavioural and social dimensions
in Qualitative Research in Psychology
Kucirkova N
(2018)
Children's agency and reading with story-apps: considerations of design, behavioural and social dimensions
in Qualitative Research in Psychology
Kucirkova N
(2018)
iPad apps and visual methodologies: Empirical and ethical issues in achieving authentic data
in Research in Learning Technology
Kucirkova N
(2020)
Young Children's Use of Personalized Technologies: Insights From Teachers and Digital Software Designers in Japan
in Technology, Knowledge and Learning
Kucirkova N
(2017)
How Can Digital Personal(ized) Books Enrich the Language Arts Curriculum?
in The Reading Teacher
Kucirkova
(2017)
Digital Personalization in Early Childhood: Impact on Childhood
Description | The project is centred around four key objectives that focus on establishing ways to support the development of children's learning in early years education. Each of these correlates to a phase in the project that is tied to a related empirical study. Study1 developed a taxonomy to identify and rate the effectiveness of personalisation features in children's reading material and to determine how these features might enhance children's early linguistic development. Kucirkova, N. (2018). A taxonomy and research framework for personalization in children's literacy apps. Educational Media International, 55(3), 255-272. Study2 established the perspective of early years teachers and children's publishers and other media producers in relation to the challenges and potential that personalisation offers children's digital books. The study found significant discrepancies in teachers' and designers' views regarding the positive and negative potential of personalization in early learning. Kucirkova, N., & Flewitt, R. (2018). The future-gazing potential of digital personalization in young children's reading: views from education professionals and app designers. Early Child Development and Care, 1-15. Study3 investigated the patterns of interaction between parents and children when reading digital personalised books together at home. It focused on children's agency and found that giving children choices in determining how a story unfolds, supports their prolonged interest in interacting with a digital book. Kucirkova, N. (2018). Children's agency and reading with story-apps: considerations of design, behavioural and social dimensions. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1-25. Study 4 aims to identify the language gains achieved as a result of reading personalised digital books in a lab-based experimental study. The data from this study are currently analysed. |
Exploitation Route | We hope the findings will shape the perspectives of key stakeholders in relation to the possibilities and challenges of personalisation in children's digital books and will be recognised as guiding principles for app design and professional development training for teachers. We would like children's app designers to recognise that there are different levels and types of personalisation that they can use to enrich children's reading experiences. Publishers should use caution with personalisation, aiming for a more strategic, measured effect to motivate children to read, balancing personal detail with sufficient external detail. Researchers interested in participatory design might use our findings to develop a collaborative model of producing personalized books, harnessing collective values and children's own involvement in the creation of the stories, whether on paper or on digital devices. By supporting the child's agency in involving them in the story creation, genuine personalisation that validates and encourages the child's agency is achieved. Researchers interested in experimental investigation might build on our findings to examine the effects of personalization in different populations, both sequentially and longitudinally. Researchers might be also interested in expanding our findings to other outcomes, such as socio-emotional competence, for example. |
Sectors | Creative Economy Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) Education |
Description | The project's findings have been disseminated to a wide group of non-academic stakeholders, including parents, early years teachers, literacy charities, children's media producers and book publishers through the PI's personal contacts. Science Impact Ltd. was commissioned to produce a bespoke brochure that was freely distributed to 35,000 individuals worldwide within academia, government, research centres, funding agencies and research councils. An electronic version of the brochure was published open-access on IngentaConnect - the world's largest resource for scholarly publications. Additional activities include: 1, The project's findings regarding commercial personalization have been used in a report commissioned by DigiLitEY on the use of algorithms in children's products. The report is freely available from DigiLitEY and was also produced as an infographic to be disseminated among non-academic stakeholders (designers, app producers) in the UK (facilitated through EDUCATE, which is working with 250 educational technology companies in London to support them to build evidence-informed apps and services) and in the USA, facilitated through the International Design Conference, chaired by the report's co-authors, Jerry Fails. Ref: Kucirkova, N., Fails, J., Pera, S. Huibers, T. (2018) Algorithms for children: what parents and educators need to know, DigiLitEY, UK. 2, Following a widely-read article for the magazine Wired on personalized pluralization in arts, Kucirkova was invited to give a keynote to 100 students at the prestigious Conde Nast College in London. 3, In January 2019, Kucirkova was interviewed by BBC Studios (Programme Health Truth or Scar) and by The Guardian Science about children's use of digital devices and the potential of personalization to mitigate negative effects. 4, The importance of personalization in children's digital books was highlighted in the UKLA Children's Digital Book Award run in partnership with The Open University. Changes to the existing criteria for evaluating children's digital books will be made for the 2020 Award to reflect the latest findings on personalized books. 5, The Department for Education commissioned a Home Learning Environment app competition. Kucirkova was consulted on research findings and Flewitt appointed as part of the expert panel on Early Years Language, Literacy and Communication apps. |
First Year Of Impact | 2019 |
Sector | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections |
Impact Types | Cultural Societal Policy & public services |
Description | Librarians training-June 2017, invited presentation for the School Library Association, Harrogate, UK |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | School Library Association, Harrogate, UK; Lightbulb Moments: Powered by Librarians was the title of an invited presentation/workshop for librarians from across the country interested in the use of children's digital books |
Description | Save The Children Advisory Committee |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Impact | I have served on the Advisory Board for the charity Save The Children, specifically focused on the development of children's apps to support their language and educational activities at home such as shared book reading with parents. |
Description | Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation Small Grant |
Amount | |
Funding ID | 10728/13096 |
Organisation | Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2018 |
End | 12/2018 |
Description | Trust, Identity, Privacy and Security 2 |
Amount | £84,309,900 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/R033838/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2018 |
End | 08/2020 |
Description | Young Research Talents |
Amount | kr 8,000,000 (NOK) |
Funding ID | 314117 |
Organisation | Research Council of Norway |
Sector | Public |
Country | Norway |
Start | 05/2021 |
End | 06/2023 |
Description | Digistoryland Knowledge & Exchange project |
Organisation | Pling Toys Ltd. |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | Pling Toys develop a hardware called Magic Cloud that we used for an UCL Knowledge & Innovation grant to investigate children's reading motivation through the development of a prototype and educational use cases |
Collaborator Contribution | Pling Toys supplied the Magic Cloud for testing and participated in initial project meetings. |
Impact | UCL Knowledge & Innovation Fund (P.I.) Tangible Digistoryland - internal University College of London grant awarded to Dr Kucirkova |
Start Year | 2017 |
Description | Bloomsbury Festival workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Digital community stories: create your own, share with others- interactive workshop with general public focused on digital story-making; part of the Bloomsbury Festival of Culture, 2017, London |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | COST Reading on Screen Working Group 3 Think Tank Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | Think Tank meetings with European researchers, designers and publishers of children's digital books and apps |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://digilitey.eu/working-groups/wg3-reading-and-writing-on-screen/ |
Description | Guardian article |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Kucirkova, N. (2017), The Guardian, invited article, titled "Children's reading on screen: in the beginning was the word, not a hotspot" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://www.theguardian.com/education/head-quarters/2017/dec/04/childrens-reading-on-screen-in-the-b... |
Description | Interview for BBC R4 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | I was invited to speak about personalised books on a BBC Radio4 show. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Online article for school leaders |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Kucirkova, N. (2017) Children's Reading on Screen, Invited contribution to the online magazine Children's Centre Leader, June Issue, Available online. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.ccleaderreader.com |
Description | Presentation to Welsh librarians |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Feb18 Children's apps and digital books: research overview and practical guidance, Cardiff Central Library, Invited presentation for librarians in Wales about the value of children's digital books and personalisation features in motivating reading for pleasure |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Psychology Today Blogs |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Increased engagement with the research findings and social media activity |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/just-you/201812/what-do-youtube-kids-and-class-dojo-have-in-... |
Description | Specialised seminar |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Nov17 Personalisation: overview of extant research, Centre for Educational Neuroscience. Birkbeck, UCL and the IOE, invited presentation for researchers and postgraduate students |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | The Conversation articles |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Invited article for The Conversation, title: 'The rise in personalised story books and what it means for children's privacy' |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | https://theconversation.com/the-rise-in-personalised-story-books-and-what-it-means-for-childrens-pri... |
Description | What are the key issues in personalised reading with young children? |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Blog article contributed to the Early Insights magazine |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://earlyinsights.org/ |
Description | Wired article |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Kucirkova, N. (2018) All the web's 'read next' algorithms suck. It's time to upgrade, Wired Magazine, invited article contribution to printed magazine Wired World 2018 and also online issue |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
URL | http://www.wired.co.uk/article/how-decentralised-data-will-make-better-reading-recommendations |