Unlocking the Potential of AI for English Law
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Oxford
Department Name: Law Faculty
Abstract
The proposed research will explore the potential and limitations of using artificial intelligence (AI) in support of legal services. AI's capabilities have made enormous recent leaps; many expect it to transform how the economy operates. In particular, activities relying on human knowledge to create value, insulated until now from mechanisation, are facing dramatic change. Amongst these are professional services, such as law.
Like other professions, legal services contribute to the economy both through revenues of service providers and through benefits provided to clients. For large business clients, who can choose which legal regime will govern their affairs, UK legal services are an export good. For small businesses and citizens, working within the domestic legal system, UK legal services affect costs directly. Yet unlike other professions, the legal system has a dual role in society. Beyond the law's role in governing economic order, the legal system is more fundamentally a structure for social order. It sets out rules agreed on by society, and also the limits of politicians' ability to enact these rules.
Consequently, the stakes for AI's implementation in UK legal services are high. If mishandled, it could threaten both economic success and governance more generally. Yet if executed effectively, it is an opportunity to improve legal services not only for export but also for citizens and domestic small businesses. Our research seeks to identify how constraints on the implementation of AI in legal services can be relaxed to unlock its potential for good.
One major challenge is the need for 'complementary' adjustments. Adopting a disruptive new technology like AI requires changes in skills, training, and working practices, without which the productivity gains will be muted. We will investigate training and educational needs for lawyers' engagement with technology and programmers' engagement with law. With private sector partners, we will develop education and training packages that respond to these needs for delivery by both universities and private-sector firms. We will investigate emerging business models deploying AI in law, and identify best practice in governance and strategy. Finally, we will compare skills training and technology transfer in the UK with countries such as the US, Hong Kong and Singapore, and ask what UK policymakers can learn from these competitors. To the extent that these issues are also faced by other high-value professional services, these parts of our results will also have relevance for them.
However, the dual role of the legal system poses unique challenges that justify a research package focusing primarily on this sector. There are constitutional limits to how far law's operation can be adjusted for economic reasons: we term this second constraint 'legitimacy'. We will map how automation in dispute resolution might trigger constitutional legal challenges, how these challenges relate to types of dispute resolution technology and types of claim, and use the resulting matrix to identify opportunities for maximum benefit from automation in dispute resolution.
A third constraint is the limits of technological possibility. AI systems rely on machine learning, which reaches answers by identifying patterns in very large amounts of data. Its limitations are the size of the datasets needed, and its inability to provide an explanation for how the answer was reached. This poses particular difficulties for law, where many applications require or benefit from reasons being given. We will explore the possibility for frontier AI technologies to deliver legal reasoning.
The research will involve a mix of disciplinary inputs, reflecting the multi-faceted nature of the problem: Law, Computer Science, Economics, Education, Management and Political Economy. Working closely with private-sector partners will ensure our research benefits from insights into, and testing against, real requirements.
Like other professions, legal services contribute to the economy both through revenues of service providers and through benefits provided to clients. For large business clients, who can choose which legal regime will govern their affairs, UK legal services are an export good. For small businesses and citizens, working within the domestic legal system, UK legal services affect costs directly. Yet unlike other professions, the legal system has a dual role in society. Beyond the law's role in governing economic order, the legal system is more fundamentally a structure for social order. It sets out rules agreed on by society, and also the limits of politicians' ability to enact these rules.
Consequently, the stakes for AI's implementation in UK legal services are high. If mishandled, it could threaten both economic success and governance more generally. Yet if executed effectively, it is an opportunity to improve legal services not only for export but also for citizens and domestic small businesses. Our research seeks to identify how constraints on the implementation of AI in legal services can be relaxed to unlock its potential for good.
One major challenge is the need for 'complementary' adjustments. Adopting a disruptive new technology like AI requires changes in skills, training, and working practices, without which the productivity gains will be muted. We will investigate training and educational needs for lawyers' engagement with technology and programmers' engagement with law. With private sector partners, we will develop education and training packages that respond to these needs for delivery by both universities and private-sector firms. We will investigate emerging business models deploying AI in law, and identify best practice in governance and strategy. Finally, we will compare skills training and technology transfer in the UK with countries such as the US, Hong Kong and Singapore, and ask what UK policymakers can learn from these competitors. To the extent that these issues are also faced by other high-value professional services, these parts of our results will also have relevance for them.
However, the dual role of the legal system poses unique challenges that justify a research package focusing primarily on this sector. There are constitutional limits to how far law's operation can be adjusted for economic reasons: we term this second constraint 'legitimacy'. We will map how automation in dispute resolution might trigger constitutional legal challenges, how these challenges relate to types of dispute resolution technology and types of claim, and use the resulting matrix to identify opportunities for maximum benefit from automation in dispute resolution.
A third constraint is the limits of technological possibility. AI systems rely on machine learning, which reaches answers by identifying patterns in very large amounts of data. Its limitations are the size of the datasets needed, and its inability to provide an explanation for how the answer was reached. This poses particular difficulties for law, where many applications require or benefit from reasons being given. We will explore the possibility for frontier AI technologies to deliver legal reasoning.
The research will involve a mix of disciplinary inputs, reflecting the multi-faceted nature of the problem: Law, Computer Science, Economics, Education, Management and Political Economy. Working closely with private-sector partners will ensure our research benefits from insights into, and testing against, real requirements.
Planned Impact
The project goal is to unlock the power of AI in UK legal services to ensure the future of these services for the UK and global digital economy. The proposal has been co-developed with a core group of partner organisations and a broader user group, represented in our Advisory Panel, to whom the outputs of our research will be relevant.
The work packages (WPs) will enable our partners and broader user group to identify and implement ways to relax constraints on AI adoption in legal services. In particular, by identifying (a) complementary investments to facilitate adoption of AI in legal services: successful firm structures for AI business models (WP1) and skills and training necessary to maximise value from AI technologies (WP4 and WP5); (b) the nature of legal constraints (legitimacy) on the deployment of emerging AI applications in dispute resolution (WP2) and (c) ways to improve AI's functionality for legal reasoning (WP3).
More broadly, we anticipate the WPs will benefit the following user groups:
(i) Legal services firms (incumbent law firms, alternative legal service providers, in-house legal teams) who will benefit from understanding the business models they might adopt (WP1); ways to deploy emerging dispute resolution technology (WP2); advances in AI technology for law (WP3); and how best a range of skills might be coordinated to work together (WP4 and WP5).
(ii) Users of legal services (organisations and individuals), who will benefit from increased efficiency in legal services, and in particular through more direct access to justice, as explored in WP2, and new technological developments in WP3.
(iii) Educators and Academics in law and technology, who will benefit in particular from the outputs of WP5.
(iv) Students of Law and Computer Science and other professional services that will be disrupted by AI, again, in particular through WP5, but also WP2 and WP3.
(v) Professional Associations, Regulators and Policymakers such as the Solicitors Regulation Authority, the Bar Council, the Law Society, the Ministry of Justice, HM Courts and Tribunals Service, and the Law Commission, who will benefit from the holistic coverage provided by all the WPs in examining what is being done (WP1), what can potentially be done (WP3), how this might translate directly into digital justice (WP2), how skills can best be coordinated (WP4) and how lawyers and computer scientists of the future might best be trained, both in their own fields and in co-working (WP5). This will help these bodies understand their role in supporting the adoption of technology in a way that is trusted and safe, but also enables the UK to maintain its status as a global market leader. In order to achieve this we will participate in initiatives such as the Law Commission's LawTech Policy Commission and the Ministry of Justice's new LawTech panel.
(vi) User groups corresponding to (i)-(v) in other high-value service sectors, including the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales, the Financial Reporting Council, the Association of British Insurers and the Prudential Regulation Authority. These face similar challenges and can therefore use the understanding gained through our WPs in the legal context to inform their own industries.
In addition, the project will engage with key opinion formers - columnists, bloggers, social networkers, legal affairs correspondents, think-tanks, industry associations and conferences (eg Legal Geek), and the legal media (eg Legal Week, The American Lawyer) etc. This will enable the further dissemination of the results of all the WPs, as well as engaging and informing the public in the UK and elsewhere.
The work packages (WPs) will enable our partners and broader user group to identify and implement ways to relax constraints on AI adoption in legal services. In particular, by identifying (a) complementary investments to facilitate adoption of AI in legal services: successful firm structures for AI business models (WP1) and skills and training necessary to maximise value from AI technologies (WP4 and WP5); (b) the nature of legal constraints (legitimacy) on the deployment of emerging AI applications in dispute resolution (WP2) and (c) ways to improve AI's functionality for legal reasoning (WP3).
More broadly, we anticipate the WPs will benefit the following user groups:
(i) Legal services firms (incumbent law firms, alternative legal service providers, in-house legal teams) who will benefit from understanding the business models they might adopt (WP1); ways to deploy emerging dispute resolution technology (WP2); advances in AI technology for law (WP3); and how best a range of skills might be coordinated to work together (WP4 and WP5).
(ii) Users of legal services (organisations and individuals), who will benefit from increased efficiency in legal services, and in particular through more direct access to justice, as explored in WP2, and new technological developments in WP3.
(iii) Educators and Academics in law and technology, who will benefit in particular from the outputs of WP5.
(iv) Students of Law and Computer Science and other professional services that will be disrupted by AI, again, in particular through WP5, but also WP2 and WP3.
(v) Professional Associations, Regulators and Policymakers such as the Solicitors Regulation Authority, the Bar Council, the Law Society, the Ministry of Justice, HM Courts and Tribunals Service, and the Law Commission, who will benefit from the holistic coverage provided by all the WPs in examining what is being done (WP1), what can potentially be done (WP3), how this might translate directly into digital justice (WP2), how skills can best be coordinated (WP4) and how lawyers and computer scientists of the future might best be trained, both in their own fields and in co-working (WP5). This will help these bodies understand their role in supporting the adoption of technology in a way that is trusted and safe, but also enables the UK to maintain its status as a global market leader. In order to achieve this we will participate in initiatives such as the Law Commission's LawTech Policy Commission and the Ministry of Justice's new LawTech panel.
(vi) User groups corresponding to (i)-(v) in other high-value service sectors, including the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales, the Financial Reporting Council, the Association of British Insurers and the Prudential Regulation Authority. These face similar challenges and can therefore use the understanding gained through our WPs in the legal context to inform their own industries.
In addition, the project will engage with key opinion formers - columnists, bloggers, social networkers, legal affairs correspondents, think-tanks, industry associations and conferences (eg Legal Geek), and the legal media (eg Legal Week, The American Lawyer) etc. This will enable the further dissemination of the results of all the WPs, as well as engaging and informing the public in the UK and elsewhere.
Organisations
- University of Oxford (Lead Research Organisation)
- South Square (Collaboration, Project Partner)
- Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Collaboration)
- UnitedLex (Collaboration)
- Cognitiv+ (Collaboration)
- The Legal Education Foundation (Collaboration, Project Partner)
- Tsinghua University China (Collaboration)
- British and Irish Legal Information Institute (Collaboration)
- Thomson Reuters (Collaboration)
- Slaughter and May (Collaboration, Project Partner)
- The Law Society of England and Wales (Collaboration)
- Pitchbook Data, UK (Collaboration)
- Allen and Overy LLP (Project Partner)
- Thomson Reuters (United States) (Project Partner)
- The Law Society (Project Partner)
- LEXsnap (Project Partner)
Publications
Abboud R
(2020)
Learning to Reason: Leveraging Neural Networks for Approximate DNF Counting
in Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Adams Z
(2021)
Online tribunal judgments and the limits of open justice
in Legal Studies
Adams-Prassl A
(2020)
Systemic Unfairness, Access to Justice and Futility: A Framework
in Oxford Journal of Legal Studies
Aidinlis S
(2020)
Building a Justice Data Infrastructure: Opportunities and Constraints
Armour J
(2020)
Unlocking the potential of AI for English law
in International Journal of the Legal Profession
Armour J
(2020)
AI-enabled business models in legal services: from traditional law firms to next-generation law companies?
in Journal of Professions and Organization
Armour J
(2023)
Legal Tech and the Future of Civil Justice
Armour J
(2021)
Lawtech: Levelling the Playing Field in Legal Services?
in SSRN Electronic Journal
Armour, J
(2019)
AI in English Law--A Research Agenda
in South Square Digest
Armour, J
(2020)
Self-Driving Corporations?
in Harvard Business Law Review
| Description | 1. Business Models: Understanding the way in which AI impacts the business models of legal services firms. Our survey reports a relatively low overall uptake to date of AI-based technology to date across the legal sector. However, our interview and case study research document the emergence of two distinct new AI-enabled business models in legal services, "legal technology" and "legal operations". These create and deliver value in ways quite distinct from the traditional legal advisory business model. The implementation of AI in these business models necessitates the assembly of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs)--lawyers working with data scientists, project managers, etc. This creates an adaptation challenge for incumbent law firms, for which we develop a framework for strategic analysis. 2. Skills needs for the application of AI in legal services. We identify trends in demand for technical computing skills by legal services employers, and differentiate between demand for multi-disciplinarity at the team level and the individual level. 3. Training and Education: Achieving "proof of concept" for an interdisciplinary Law and Computer Science course and networking with HEIs and private sector organisations to share knowledge regarding successful strategies. We have also designed and delivered pilot modules for training courses in collaboration with project partners Slaughter and May and the Government Legal Department, which have been refined through early course participation by approx 750 legal professionals. 4. The lawtech ecosystem. We have worked to develop databases that more comprehensively map the scope of the lawtech ecosystem, focusing on what differentiates "lawtech" from "technology" firms generally, and what factors explain lawtech firms' ability to scale up. We have also conducted interviews with lawtech firm founders and financiers to understand better the necessary human and technological capital inputs for successful scale-up and the sources of constraints on financing. 5. Technology, Court Data, and Access to Justice. We articulate a normative framework for the constitutional obligation to deploy technological solutions in legal proceedings so as to facilitate access to justice. Much prior work has focused on the potential hazards for citizens that automation may entail; our work focuses on the benefits and consequent obligation for the state to deploy such technology. We also articulate a normative framework for navigating legal and ethical obligations surrounding access to data from judicial proceeding for use by researchers. This has already been used to facilitate a pathbreaking data-sharing agreement with the British and Irish Legal Information Institute. 6. Advances in AI Applications to Law. We have negotiated access to the largest common law databases of precedents used by any research teams applying AI to Law. We have experimented with novel techniques for annotating the data for the purpose of explaining likely legal reasoning in relation to specific sets of legally-relevant circumstances. 7. Collaboration and Engagement: We have brokered multiple highly effective partnerships with relevant private, public and third sector organisations providing excellent access to qualitative data and pathways to future impact. 8. Influence and engagement with policymakers including evidence to a Select Committee Inquiry, consultation with the Ministry of Justice and the European Commission, and a commissioned report for the Solicitors Regulation Authority. |
| Exploitation Route | Outcomes 1 and 2 may be used by private sector organisations to assist in developing their digital/AI strategies. This can be leveraged through outcome 7. Outcome 3 may be used by other HEIs and private sector organisations to assist in developing their training and education initiatives. This can also be leveraged through outcome 7. Outcome 4 might be used to assist funders, incubators and entrepreneurs to understand the mix of capabilities associated with successful scale-up of lawtech firms. Outcomes 1-4 might, through outcome 8, be used by policymakers to assist in developing policy for the deployment of AI in legal services, the certification of training and education provision to meet skills needs, and the stimulation of the lawtech ecosystem. Outcome 5 may, in conjunction with outcome 8, facilitate the development of policy around access to court data and by future researchers in gaining access to relevant data. Outcome 6 may result in techniques that could be deployed by future researchers or lawtech firms to improve reasoning with legal data. Outcome 7 might be used as a basis for future collaborative activity. |
| Sectors | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Financial Services, and Management Consultancy,Government, Democracy and Justice |
| Description | The project sought to engage with a full cross-section of constraints and opportunities for deployment of AI in legal services, through a cluster of linked but conceptually distinct work packages. Through a successful launch conference in early 2019 the programme established a significant "brand" within the legal community and established a pattern of enagement with a number of organisations and groups seeking to lead change in the fast-moving field of law and technology. An important initial strand of impact on practice was through the establishment of our new Masters-level course, which engaged multiple stakeholders in the delivery. This was subsequently leveraged (i) within the university sector, through the formation of a network of HEIs involved in law and technology education, and (ii) in the private and public components of the legal services sector through the co-creation of training content with our partners, pilot versions of which have been delivered to approximately 750 of their professional employees. Structured feedback from this exercise has fed into the next iteration of course modules, which were be launched in Q4 2021 under the "Oxford Legal Technology Education Programme" brand, with the benefit of further IAA funding. We believe that our work in this area presents a new opportunity to demonstrate to users the benefits of multidisciplinary professional training that is led by research into user needs and pedagogical efficacy. At the same time, our work on business models has led to the co-production of our Survey Report on LawTech Adoption and Training with the Law Society, and a White Paper summarising the results of our research on the implications of AI for business models in legal services is nearing completion. We have conducted high-level briefing sessions with legal services firms to outline the strategic implications of these findings. Our work on technology and access to justice has informed policy through contributions to the House of Commons Justice Committee's work, and our work on principles for access to court data has been fed into policy discussions and was widely disseminated through our report Building a Justice Data Infrastructure launched in September 2020. Our work on the application of leading-edge AI techniques has stimulated a spin-out, which is deploying deep learning techniques at a level that exceeds the prior market state of the art, and was successfully accepted into one of the leading lawtech incubators. Our work on the lawtech ecosystem has lead to the development, in collaboration with private sector partners, of a new taxonomy of venture-backed AI enterprises, that seeks to integrate categorisation of both technological tools used "under the hood" with the functional role the platform seeks to perform. This is of interest to venture capital financiers, as evidenced by a follow-on collaboration (with IAA funding) with a VC firm to develop the taxonomy. Our work has also generated strong relationships with a number of major legal data providers, both private and charitable, through whom we have been able to become the first research team to gain bulk access to UK judicial precedents. More generally, members of the project team have spoken frequently at industry conferences and networking events, and have engaged personally through interview research and workshops with a wide number of key leaders in the field. A fulcrum for the dissemination of the project findings was the closing conference, held in September 2021, which was run online to facilitate maximum participation. Over 100 participants from industry, academia and policy attended each of the four sessions in which the research team shared principal findings and engaged with expert discussants from academia and practice. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2019 |
| Sector | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Government, Democracy and Justice |
| Impact Types | Cultural,Economic,Policy & public services |
| Description | Citation in European Commission Report on AI in Corporate Governance |
| Geographic Reach | Europe |
| Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
| Impact | The journal article, "Self-Driving Corporations?", which is an output of this project, was cited in the European Commission's report to substantiate a specific recommendation that the Commission monitor the level of directors' expertise and literacy with regard to AI in EU companies in the coming years. See European Commission, Study on the relevance and impact of artificial intelligence for company law and corporate governance, Final Report, July 2021, pp. 59-60. |
| URL | https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/13e6a212-6181-11ec-9c6c-01aa75ed71a1/langua... |
| Description | Co-creation and delivery of training sessions for 223 employees of public sector partner |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | The co-created modules were delivered in Q4 2020 over a 2-week period to 223 members of staff in the Government Legal Department. Feedback from the GLD inciated that their lawyers had found the programme very valuable in introducing them to key concepts about AI and the opportunities it presents. The GLD's Director of Knowledge, Ruth Ward, commented on the pilot: 'We began this engagement with the University of Oxford due to their involvement in the "AI for English Law" research project and their commitment to a cross-departmental educational approach. It's proved to be a very positive initial partnership. Our joint planning teams worked well to re-imagine the pilot programme, revising it for 100% online delivery, and making the content as relevant and impactful as possible for GLD lawyers working with different government departments.' More specifically, participants reported that the following aspects of the course provision were particularly useful to them: "clear explanation of different ways to measure "accuracy" of machine learning "; "clear account of applications of AI in law"; "description of inherent bias built into AI machine learning systems due to the data set provided". |
| URL | https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-12-18-oxford-lawtech-education-programme-pilots-first-modules |
| Description | Co-creation and delivery of training sessions for 248 employees of private sector partner |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | The co-created modules were delivered in Q4 2020 over a 3-week period to 248 members of staff at Slaughter and May. Feedback fromparticipants indicated that they had found the programme very valuable in helping to engage multi-disciplinary teamwork, and had found the delivery channels accessible and effective in the context of their busy schedules. Participants particularly valued "thinking about how to combine the power of CS's and lawyers effectively to deal with new challenges"; others noted that they "liked the pace and the balance between using academic sources, theoretical puzzles (well I found them puzzling and interestingly challenging) and practical examples". On content, respondents said "Most courses on the topic haven't been designed for lawyers and so they haven't been very accessible - this is a unique selling feature for this course! "; another said "I found the part on mindsets and belief systems the most immediately applicable part to my day to day job. I work directly for CTO/developers (i.e. I provide legal services to them, and also account manage them), so having a better understanding of their mindset, beyond the 'economic/investor' mindset will be very useful. The explanations relating to AI and ML were also incredibly accessible, and I will be referring to my notes whenever I notice what I think is an incorrect usage of them!" On skill development, one respondent said "I learnt somethings about myself which I think I was acutely aware of but had never really thought about how they impact the way in which I work. Having previously been a lawyer is often sold as a good thing when moving into innovation but I now recognise where that may hold me back.". On the delivery channels, which were adapted to the online environment during the pandemic and for ease of access by busy professionals, one respondent said "I was very impressed by the visually attractive and interactive website elements, such as the way to submit questions, thoughts and feedback. I also thought the presentations were excellent. They are probably the only online presentations that I've attended during the whole of 2020 which have held my attention throughout. Very engaging speakers and great accessible content, including the written summaries by the side of the slides." |
| URL | https://www.slaughterandmay.com/news/slaughter-and-may-pilots-oxford-university-lawtech-education-se... |
| Description | Commissioned Research for Solicitors Regulation Authority feeding into review of Legal Technology regulatory environment |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
| Impact | The report, Technology and Innovation in Legal Services, was commissioned by the Solicitors Regulation Authority as supporting lawtech and innovation, especially that which improves access to justice for all, was one of the three core objectives within their 2020-2023 Corporate Strategy. In their public response to the report, the SRA commented "We welcome the findings of this report. It provides invaluable insights for both us and the wider legal sector as we look to further develop policies and approaches to support the continued growth in innovation and technology within the legal sector." More specifically, they detail the following impacts: (1) Standard-framing: "The research noted the difficulties in endorsing or accrediting certain lawtech suppliers or products. And it is currently unclear whether standard services will work for legal products. ... To support and encourage tech developers, we will explore the best way to share a checklist or standards list for innovators. For instance, this could be a guide to the legal, regulatory and industry accreditations that lawtech companies should comply with. The aim of such a standards list would be to help law firms to purchase services from lawtech companies that complied with such standards."; (2) Regulators Pioneer Fund: "We have already used the insights from the research to inform our next proposal to the Regulators Pioneer Fund. This includes potentially working with the ICO on a project to improve access to justice."; (3) Support for Innovation: "We are stepping up our own innovation capability. We have recruited more dedicated innovation resource, and have re-launched our website for SRA Innovate with new support content for lawtech innovators and law firms." |
| URL | https://www.sra.org.uk/sra/research-publications/technology-innovation-in-legal-services/ |
| Description | Convened Seminar for House of Commons Justice Committee on evaluation of court and tribunal reforms, 9 July 2019 |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Impact | The seminar was influential in the development of conclusions for the House of Commons Justice Committee's subsequent report, Court and Tribunal Reforms (HC 190, 30 October 2019), pp.71-72. |
| URL | https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201920/cmselect/cmjust/190/190.pdf |
| Description | Delivery of second iteration of training sessions for 247 employees of public sector partners |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | GLD participants reported very favourably on the utility of the course materials. |
| Description | Expert Stakeholder in development of European Commission Report on AI in Corporate Governance |
| Geographic Reach | Europe |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Impact | Prof Armour was interviewed by the team preparing the report for approximately 2 hours. The discussion covered a number of topics, which had been circulated in advance, that drew on the project research. Prof Armour provided insights from the project research that fed into the team's development of the report. |
| URL | https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/13e6a212-6181-11ec-9c6c-01aa75ed71a1/langua... |
| Description | Impact on policy development |
| Geographic Reach | Europe |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Description | Judicial Training - Scottish Employment Law Judges |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | The training session enabled participants (employment law judges) to be better informed about the potential for, and assessment of, algorithmic discrimination problems in the workplace, which will enable them to adjudicate cases involving these issues more effectively. |
| Description | Law & Computer Science Masters'-level course 2019-date |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Members of the research team were involved in the design and delivery of a new Masters'-level course on Law and Computer Science at Oxford University. This is a joint venture between the Law Faculty and the Computer Science Department, and involved the creation and testing of new multidisciplinary content. Each seminar was jointly delivered by Law and Computer Science faculty members, and the course was taken by 24 students, 12 from each discipline. Contributions to the teaching were provided by a number of the private-sector collaborators for the project. Students also completed practical work, grouped in teams of 6 (3 from each discipline) to complete a multidisciplinary project. Regular feedback on pedagogic efficacy was sought. The findings as to effiacy will be disseminated through a network of HEIs involved in similar law & technology teaching. |
| URL | https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/teaching/courses/2021-2022/LawandCS/ |
| Description | Participation in ESRC Business Engagment Task and Finish Group |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Membership of a guideline committee |
| Impact | The output of the group has fed into development of ESRC guidance for fostering business engagement with social sciences. |
| Description | Written Evidence to House of Commons Justice Committee Court and Tribunal Reforms Inquiry. |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Impact | This written evidence was taken into consideration by the House of Commons Justice Committee in preparing their Final Report. House of Commons Justice Committee, Court and Tribunal Reforms (HC 190, 30 October 2019). |
| URL | http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/justice-committee/h... |
| Description | (iManage) - Rethinking Employment Law for a world of Algorithmic Management |
| Amount | € 1,496,131 (EUR) |
| Funding ID | 947806 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 04/2021 |
| End | 03/2026 |
| Description | EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account Partnerships Fund - Oxford University |
| Amount | £25,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 03/2021 |
| End | 07/2021 |
| Description | Mapping the LawTech and Innovation Ecosystem in the UK |
| Amount | £213,243 (GBP) |
| Organisation | United Kingdom Research and Innovation |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 10/2019 |
| End | 03/2021 |
| Description | Prototyping and Piloting a Legal Services Sector Skills Matching Platform |
| Amount | £87,502 (GBP) |
| Organisation | United Kingdom Research and Innovation |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 10/2019 |
| End | 03/2021 |
| Description | Technology and Innovation in Legal Services |
| Amount | £100,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) |
| Sector | Private |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 12/2020 |
| End | 06/2021 |
| Title | AI-Enabled Business Models in Legal Services - Interviews with Legal Services Professionals, 2019-2020 |
| Description | 50 Interviews were conducted with legal and other professionals involved in the implementation, or in making decisions about the implementation, of AI in legal services in the UK. Interviews were structured around 12 organisational case studies -- 3 each of law firms, corporate in-house departments and alternative legal service providers. Case studies were identified by type and from there recruited according to willingness to participate. Interviews were semi-structured, based on an aide memoire. Interviews were recorded and transcribed with participants' permission, and both personal data and organisationally confidential information were redacted. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The data were analysed using nVivo and the results written up in several papers. Since deposit with UKDS ReShare in February 2022, the dataset has been downloaded 2 times. |
| URL | https://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/855401/ |
| Title | AI-Enabled Business Models in Legal Services / Law and Technology Education - Survey of Solicitors in England and Wales, 2019-2020 |
| Description | A survey of practising solicitors in England & Wales was conducted in Dec 2019- Jan 2020 to explore use of AI and training experiences and needs in relation to technology. The survey was sent to 10,000 lawyers by the Law Society for England & Wales (project partner) and completed anonymously by respondents. The response rate was 3.5%, generating 352 valid responses. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The dataset was analysed using R statistical package and written up in several publications produced from the project. Since being deposited with UKDS ReShare in January 2022, 2 data files have been downloaded. |
| URL | https://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/855413/ |
| Title | Interview dataset: lawtech entrepreneurs and investors |
| Description | 20 Interviews were conducted with lawtech founders (15) and investors (5). Interviewees were identified by relevant expertise and recruited according to willingness to participate. Interviews were semi-structured, based on an aide memoire. Interviews were recorded and transcribed with participants' permission, and both personal data and organisationally confidential information were redacted. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The data have been analysed and written up in various publications. The dataset has been deposited with UKDS and is undergoing processing to be made available for other researchers. |
| Title | Law and Technology Education - Interviews with Legal Services Professionals, 2019-2020 |
| Description | 14 Interviews were conducted with legal and other professionals involved in the design, delivery and assessment of training and education for legal services professionals regarding the implementation of technology. Interviewees were identified by relevant expertise and recruited according to willingness to participate. Interviews were semi-structured, based on an aide memoire. Interviews were recorded and transcribed with participants' permission, and both personal data and organisationally confidential information were redacted. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The data have been analysed and written up in various publications associated with the research project. Since the dataset was made available on UKDS ReShare in early 2022, 2 data files have been downloaded. |
| URL | https://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/855408/ |
| Title | Lawtech startups database |
| Description | Database of over 1000 lawtech startups combining lists from existing sources. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | The database is still being analysed. |
| Title | Taxonomy of technology startup ventures |
| Description | Multi-dimensional taxonomy of technology startup ventures developed through an initial engagement/collaboration with Pitchbook. Members of the research team (Prof M Sako and Dr M Qian) developed an annotator to label text from venture web sites and classify them along nine dimensions: (1) the area of work, (2) purpose of technology use, (3) technology stack, (4) platform business model, (5) type of clients, (6) value capture strategy, (7) founder and funder characteristics, (8) geographical footprint, and (9) funding cycle. The resulting taxonomy is known as the Oxford Venture Ecosystem Taxonomy (OVET). |
| Type Of Material | Data analysis technique |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | The theory behind the development of the taxonomy is written up in the following research paper: M Sako and M Qian, "A Taxonomy for Technology Venture Ecosystems" (2021). The continuing development of the taxonomy has been the subject of an Impact Acceleration Fund grant, which has resulted in the establishment of an ongoing collaboration with OpenOcean, a European venture capital firm, over continued development and deployment of the Oxford Venture Ecosystem Taxonomy (OVET). |
| URL | https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/news/oxford-said-and-openocean-develop-ai-powered-venture-classification-pl... |
| Description | Cognitiv+ software access |
| Organisation | Cognitiv+ |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | To provide feedback on utilisation of data labelling platform provided by Cognitiv+ |
| Collaborator Contribution | To provide free access to data labelling platform for the purposes of preparing data for AI analysis in WP3 (Frontiers of AI and Legal Reasoning). |
| Impact | Cognitiv+ platform used by us in labelling research datasets. Feedback on the platform provided to Cognitiv+. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Collaboration with Law Society of England & Wales |
| Organisation | The Law Society of England and Wales |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Designed, collated and analysed a survey of Law Society members regarding use of and training for AI in legal services. Organised a stakeholder workshop on the LawTech Ecosystem at the Offices of the Law Society on 21 January 2020. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Assisted in conducting survey of lawyers by contacting 10,000 members with invitation to participate in the survey. Provided a venue and logistical support for stakeholder workshop on the LawTech Ecosystem on 21 January 2020. |
| Impact | Stakeholder workshop on the LawTech Ecosystem at the Offices of the Law Society on 21 January 2020. Mari Sako, John Armour and Richard Parnham, LawTech Adoption and Training: Findings from a Survey of Solicitors in England and Wales (Oxford and London: Oxford University and the Law Society of England and Wales, 2020) |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Collaboration with Pitchbook : legal technology taxonomy |
| Organisation | Pitchbook Data, UK |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Worked to develop a multi-dimensional taxonomy of legal technology startups. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Provided dataset and initial classification for the legal tech sector. |
| Impact | Continued development of Legal technology taxonomy data analysis technique (see datasets section). Article - Sako and Qian, 'A Taxonomy for Technology in Venture Ecosystems' (2021) (see publications section). |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Collaboration with Slaughter and May |
| Organisation | Slaughter and May |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Interviews with Slaughter and May personnel implementing AI in legal services to develop a qualitative case study. Design and delivery of Training Modules in Law & Computer Science to Slaughter and May personnel. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Making professional personnel available for interviews for case study research for WP1 (Emerging Business Models in Legal Services) Participation in Project Steering Committee by Jane Stewart, Head of Innovation at Slaughter and May Providing access to c. 250 professional staff for the purposes of running pilot training modules on Law & Computer Science Participation in a number of project workshops and events. |
| Impact | A number of project outputs relating to the deployment of AI in legal services were assisted by the collaboration. Development and launch of Oxford Legal Technology Education Programme (OLTEP) and enhancement of Slaughter and May's Innovation Training Programme. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Collaboration with Tsinghua Law School |
| Organisation | Tsinghua University China |
| Country | China |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Hosting and participating in two joint workshops, one in Oxford (Feb 2020) and one online (Feb 2021). Contribution (online) to Computational Law course at Tsinghua Law School (April 2021), and to 4th International Computational Law Forum at Tsinghua Law School (Sept 2021). |
| Collaborator Contribution | Participating in two joint workshops, one in Oxford (Feb 2020) and one online (Feb 2021). Hosting contribution (online) to Computational Law course at Tsinghua Law School (April 2021), and to 4th International Computational Law Forum at Tsinghua Law School (Sept 2021). |
| Impact | Ongoing agreement between Oxford and Tsinghua law and computer science research groups to use best efforts to collaborate and to contribute to courses in each others' universities. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Legal Education Foundation - House of Commons Jutice Committee seminar on evaluation of court and tribunal reforms |
| Organisation | The Legal Education Foundation |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration on the organisation and reporting of a seminar for the House of Commons Justice Committee on Evaluation of Court and Tribunal Reforms, 9 July 2019. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Collaboration on the organisation and reporting of a seminar for the House of Commons Justice Committee on Evaluation of Court and Tribunal Reforms, 9 July 2019. |
| Impact | House of Commons Justice Committee: Court and Tribunal Reforms, Second Report of Session 2019, HC190, 31 October 2019, Annex (pp. 73 - 76). |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Ministry of Justice - Data Working group |
| Organisation | Ministry of Justice |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Data Working Group (Prof Abi Adams appointed as Law Society representative, March 2019) |
| Collaborator Contribution | Data Working Group (Prof Abi Adams appointed as Law Society representative, March 2019) |
| Impact | Data Working Group (Prof Abi Adams appointed as Law Society representative, March 2019) |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Partnership with British and Irish Legal Information Institute |
| Organisation | British and Irish Legal Information Institute |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | 1. We used the precedent data shared with us by BAILII on a confidential basis to conduct experimental academic research on developing models for better explainability of AI in respect of legal precedents. 2. We are reviewing the legal and ethical safeguards appropriate for sharing precedent data with research and other organisations, with a view to BAILII developing a policy for this type of partnership going forwards. |
| Collaborator Contribution | BAILII has provided us with bulk access to their dataset of legal precedents for research purposes. This is the first time the data has been shared with a research organisation. The data are subject to confidentiality and security restrictions in our hands. |
| Impact | Access was given to the dataset of caselaw in early 2021. During Q1 and Q2 2021, a team of research assistants annotated cases in the database with a view to training models to identify the legal issues raised. Unfortunately the quality of the initial results achieved were very disappointing, and there was insufficient time remaining to reorient the approach. A report is currently being prepared for BAILII regarding the legal and ethical considerations relating to sharing precedent data with University research teams and lawtech firms. The research underpinning this has also been used to prepare an article submitted to a leading law journal. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Research Partnership with ThomsonReuters |
| Organisation | Thomson Reuters |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | 1. Professor Mari Sako served as part of the Advisory Board for the Thomson Reuters 2018 and 2020 Surveys of Alternative Legal Service Providers (TR ALSP Surveys). She assisted in the design of questions and survey strategy. 2. Oxford researchers in WP1 (led by PI Armour and Co-I Sako) analysed raw data from the 2018 TR ALSP Survey. This ultimately proved not to be useful to the research. 3. Oxford researchers in WP3 (led by PI Armour and Co-I Lukasiewicz) agreed with Thomson Reuters for a sample of 2,000 cases to be shared using new AI methods, in order to determine whether there is potential utility for TR, to lead to a wider data-sharing agreement. This was not pursued as the sample size was not large enough. 4. TR offered funding for a conference on Legal Technology in September 2020 at which results from the project were to be presented. (Agreed in November 2019). Unfortunately this was cancelled owing to the pandemic. |
| Collaborator Contribution | 1. TR shared with us the raw data from their 2018 ALSP survey, and will similarly share the raw data from the 2020 survey. 2. TR have agreed to share with us a sample of 2,000 judicial precedents and accompanying proporetary metadata for the purposes of experimental application of advanced AI methods. 3. TR offered $20,000 to fund a conference to be held in September 2020. However, this was cancelled owing to the pandemic. |
| Impact | Thomson Reuters, Alternative Legal Service Providers 2019: Fast Growth, Expanding Use and Increasing Opportunity (2019) (report of TR ALSP Survey 2018, co-branded with Oxford University). Thomson Reuters, Alternative Legal Service Providers 2021: Strong Growth, Mainstream Acceptance & No Longer an "Alternative" (2021) (report of TR ALSP Survey 2020, co-branded with Oxford University). |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Robin Dicker QC, South Square Chambers |
| Organisation | South Square |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Engagement on aspects of research into utilisation of AI in legal proceedings. Co-authorship of an overview paper. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Advice and engagement on aspects of research into utilisation of AI in legal proceedings. Participation in project conference, March 2019. Co-authorship of an overview paper. Contribution in kind reflects value of professional time. |
| Impact | John Armour and Robin Dicker QC, 'AI in English Law: A Research Agenda', March 2019 South Square Digest, 6-11. Further collaboration had been planned but this was prevented first by the pandemic and then the tragic and untimely death of Robin Dicker in 2021. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UnitedLex Business School Teaching Case |
| Organisation | UnitedLex |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Interviews conducted with CEO and other senior personnel at UnitedLex. Analysis and write-up as a case study in WP1 (Emerging Business Models in Legal Services). Production of a Business School Strategy Teaching Case Study on UnitedLex. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Access to CEO and senior personnel for interviews; access to background documentation and collaboration on production of teaching case study. Participation in a seminar at Oxford University in November 2019 on Digitalisation in Legal Services. Discussions regarding funding of activities in relation to LawTech at Oxford which were derailed by COVID pandemic. |
| Impact | Mari Sako and Richard Parnham, UnitedLex: A Catalyst for Digital Transformation?, Oxford Said Business School Case Study, October 2019. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Company Name | SEREIN AI LIMITED |
| Description | Serein.AI is a legal technology startup that develops advanced machine learning systems for high-volume or routine legal documents. It comprises a team of machine learning experts and lawyers that came together to apply this technology and build real solutions for law firms and in-house legal teams. The company was formed as a joint venture between a project partner (Avantia Law) and one of the project Co-Is, Thomas Lukasiewicz. The genesis of the spin-out was project collaboration. |
| Year Established | 2019 |
| Impact | None as yet, still in the start-up phase. |
| Website | https://serein.ai/ |
| Description | AI for English Law Closing Conference - webinar series |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | A closing conference held online as a series of four webinars, scheduled weekly, to maximise attendance and dissemination of results. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/content/unlocking-potential-ai-english-law-closing-conference-september-202... |
| Description | AI4Law seminar series 2019-2021 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This was a weekly workshop hosted for much of the life of the project. During Q3 and Q4 2019, it was run an internal-facing workshop to permit team members to get to understand each others' research agendas. From Q1 2020, it was hosted as a more open event to which external speakers were invited. With the advent of the pandemic lockdown in Q2 2020, the series was repositioned as an online workshop, to which large numbers of external audience participants attended. Speakers included a range of researchers (including the project team), practitioners, policymakers and legal tech entrepreneurs. The audience consisted of academics and industry participants from a wide range of organisations internationally. A sample programme (autumn 2020) was as follows: Oxford University-organised online lawtech talk by Law Society representative. Oxford University-organised online talk: "When Is Algorithmic Secrecy Justified?; by McGill University professor. Oxford University-organised online talk on: "Copyright Issues Concerning Training Data and Outputs of an Algorithm" by European Commission representative. AI4Law workshop series (8 events) featuring : - Adrian Zuckerman (Artificial Intelligence: Implications for the Legal Profession, Adversarial Process and Rule of Law) - Artificial Intelligence's Impact on Lawyers and Law Firms (Project team) - Artificial Intelligence's Impact on Lawyers and Law Firms (Project team) - Predicting Legal Outcomes With Deep Learning (Project team) - Ignacio Cofone and Katherine Strandburg (When Is Algorithmic Secrecy Justified?) - What can Machine Learning tell us about the changing landscape of the legal sector job market? (Project team) - Copyright Issues Concerning Training Data and Outputs of an Algorithm (European commission) - The Role of Social Ties in Tech Firm Scale-Ups (Project team and Mark Verhagen) - Mirelle Hildebrandt (Data-driven Law on Edge?) - Masha Medvedheva (To predict or not to predict? Re-thinking the field of automatic court decision classification) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020,2021 |
| URL | https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/unlocking-potential-artificial-intelligence-english-law/past-events |
| Description | Academic Seminar/Conference Presentations (11) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Members of the research team presented findings in a wide range of academic fora, including 1. LSE Economics workshop (2019); 2. Oxford Centre for Socio-Legal Studies Workshop (Feb 2019) 3. European Law Academy (Trier 2019); 4. Lecture, Zagreb (2019); 5. Lecture, Vienna (May 2019); 6. European University Institute; 7.UPF Barcelona research lecture (7th May 2019); 8.Hebrew University, Jerusalem lecture 16th May 2019; 9. Oxford Business Law Workshop, June 2019; 10. Digital Ethics Forum. UCL, Jan 2020 11. Oxford Centre for Socio-Legal Studies Conference, March 2020 12. Oxford Said Business School Professional Services Firms Annual Conference July 2020 13. Bucerius Law School (Hamburg) Leagl Tech Essentials Conference 2020 14. Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics (SASE) Annual Conference 2020 15. 33rd International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX 2020) 16. Society of Legal Scholars Annual Conference (2020) (two presentations) 17. Hong Kon Shue Yen University Seminar on Fintech and Lawtech Sept 2020 18. Columbia Law School Blue Sky Workshop, Dec 2020 19. Stanford Law School conference, Legal Tech and the Future of Civil Justice, Feb 2021 20. University of Frankfurt Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law & Finance LawFin Seminar, July 2021 21. 38th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2021), workshop on Challenges in Deploying and Monitoring Machine Learning Systems, July 2021 22. University of Western Ontario, Business and Law Scholars Seminar, August 2021 23. 4th International Computational Law Forum: Data Governance and Legal Tech, Tsinghua University, Sept 2021 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020,2021 |
| Description | Advisory Board, She Breaks the Law |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | John Armour was recruited to join the Advisory Board of She Breaks the Law, a networking organisation for innovative women lawyers. Members of the project team subsequently contributed to training/networking sessions organised by SBTL. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
| Description | Agreement with British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII) over use of dataset of case precedents |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Agreement with British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII) over use of dataset of case precedents |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Barclays (Legal wings) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | WP5 arrange Oxford's involvement in the Legal Wings platform |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Bucerius Law Summder School Legal Tech Essentials |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | "AI-Enabled Business Models in Legal Service Delivery" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Centre for Data Ethics and Integrity Roundtable, British Academy, 27 June 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | John Armour participated in a roundtable at the British Academy organised to provide input to the newly-inaugurated Centre for Data Ethics & Integrity. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Data for Policy Annual Conference 2021 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | "Lawful Grounds to Share Justice Data for Legal/Tech Innovation in the UK" paper presented to Data for Policy Annual Conference 2021, 14 Sep 2021. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://dataforpolicy.org/data-for-policy-2021/ |
| Description | Develping a Taxonomy for LawTech Startups (WP6 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Mari Sako (WP1, WP6) + around 20 registered participants |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/events/developing-taxonomy-lawtech-startups-wp6 |
| Description | Dissemination - Presentations to Policymakers or Trade Associations (8) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Members of the research team gave multiple presentations to policymakers, trade associations and international organisations: 1. OECD Panel discussion (Berlin, 25th April 2019); 2. Belgian government/ILO Lecture (7th May 2019); 3. Human Rights Congress lecture (Milan, May 2019); 4. ILO (Geneva) International Labour Organisation; 5. OECD Pensions panel (5th June 2019) ; 6. World Economic Forum, China 7. European Commission Quality of Legislation Seminar (13 Nov 2019); 8. LawTech Delivery Panel, London, 20 January 2020 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
| Description | Dissemination - Presentations to Professional or Industry Conferences (13) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Members of the researchteam have presented findings from the research to large audiences at multiple practitiiner conferences: GlenLegal Legal Leaders IT Forum, 4 March 2019; Law Society's Artificial Intelligence in Legal Services Summit, 5 June 2019; Fraud Lawyers' Association International Conference, London, 21 June 2019; ABA International Law / Law Society conference at Oxford, 1 July 2019; AI@Oxford Conference, 18 Sept 2019; Legal Practices Liability and Regulation Conference, hosted by RPC, 15 Oct 2019; Legal Geek Conference, London, 16 Oct 2019; Legal Geek Law for Good Conference, London, 18 Oct 2019; Summit on legal innovation and disruption (SOLID), hosted by Cowen Group (7 Nov 2019) ; SCL World Café: Building a Tech Law Curriculum, 15 Nov 2019; IBA-ISLA Students Conference 2019: Automating the Legal World, 23 Nov 2019; Panel Discussion in TECHNGI Launch Conference, Willis Towers Watson, 26 Nov 2019; Presentation at Westminster Legal Policy Forum, London, 2 Dec 2019; |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
| Description | Dissemintation - WP2 - Talks at Eversheds |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Dissemination talks at Eversheds |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Engagement with the Law Society of England & Wales |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Multiple engagements have taken place with a wide range of personnel at the Law Society over the duration of the project to date, including collaborating on the design and delivery of a survey of solicitors, and dissemination of results. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020,2021 |
| Description | Engagements with London South Bank University, Swansea University and Legal Geek - conference organiser - to coordinate Law & Technology course projects for social utility. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Engagements with London South Bank University, Swansea University and Legal Geek - conference organiser - to coordinate Law & Technology course projects for social utility. (30 June 2019) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Enhanced lawtech investment data visibility |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Enhanced lawtech investment data visibility, 14 October Assisted financial data provider, Pitchbook, to develop a legaltech industry classification |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | European Corporate Governance Institute Spotlight Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | European Corporate Governance Institute Spotlight Seminar on "AI in Corporate Law and Practice" - presentation by John Armour about AI research with responses from panellists. Audience consisting of business people and academics. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://ecgi.global/content/ai-corporate-law-and-practice |
| Description | Evidence to House of Commons Justice Select Committee, Court and Tribunal Reforms Inquiry |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Written Evidence to House of Commons Justice Select Committee, Court and Tribunal Reforms Inquiry, 3 April 2019 (A. Adams and J. Prassl). Evidence session for House of Commons Justice Select Committee, Court and Tribunal Reforms Inquiry, 9 July 2019 (A. Adams and J. Prassl). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Initial Workshop for Data Lab Blueprint, London, 2 October 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | This was a stakeholder workshop at which early thinking on the development of a blueprint for a data lab for online court data was presented to a group of policymakers, third sector organisations, and members of the judiciary. Valuable feedback was received in the development of the work. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Interviews and Meeting with partners and collaborators |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Research interviews were conducted with representatives of approxmately 65 private sector firms working in the legal services sector. Each interview was open-ended, and they provoked a dialogue on areas of interest to the research. In approximately half of cases, the initial interview led to follow-up visits, including (i) case study research; (ii) engagement with legal techynology pedagogy; (iii) other research partnership. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020,2021 |
| Description | Interviews with Professionals (70+) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Over 70 interviews have been conducted with professional subjects in the course of the qualitative research. These have been semi-structured and have frequently generated two-way dialogue which stimulated interest on the interviewees' part into the ultimate research findings. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
| Description | J. Armour and R. Dicker, 'Artificial Intelligence in English Law: A Research Agenda', South Square Digest, March 2019, 6-11. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | J. Armour and R. Dicker, 'Artificial Intelligence in English Law: A Research Agenda', South Square Digest, March 2019, 6-11. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | J.Armour and J. Prassl, 'Unlocking the Potential of AI for English Law', The Barrister |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | J.Armour and J. Prassl, 'Unlocking the Potential of AI for English Law', The Barrister, 4 June 2019, 16-17. This short article published in a leading professional publication for barristers generated considerable interest from members of the profession in our research. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | John Armour - Keynote at GlenLegal Legal Leaders IT Forum, 4 March 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Keynote at GlenLegal Legal Leaders IT Forum, 4 March 2019 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | KTN virtual exchange with users |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | AI for Services Academic Research Virtual Exchange: Presentation on "Implementing new AI-enabled business models in Legal Services" + led two breakout discussion groups. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Knowledge Sharing event |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Attended TechNation presentation on Lawtech |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Law Society Gazette article |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Michael Cross, BAILII grants access to judgments for mass AI analysis Law Society Gazette, 14 December 2020 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/bailii-grants-access-to-judgments-for-mass-ai-analysis/5106778.art... |
| Description | Law and Computer Science course |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Weekly lectures with internal and external speakers + practical project lab sessions (30 students in total + ca 15 auditors) Introduction to Smart Contracts and NLP and introduction of the mentorship scheme (6 industry mentors participated live) Computing facility for NLP projects - Exploratory meeting with Oracle to find a way to provide computing facility for students Meeting w/ Solomonic to prepare details of their engagement with the student projects Data for NLP project (Solomonic) - Meeting with industry stakeholders to obtain access to data that can be analysed as part of the Law and CS course |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Law and Technology Education Network meeting (online) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Practical project presentations WP5 + ca 25 academics from institutions around the UK |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | LawTech Delivery Panel |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | The LawTech Delivery Panel was initiated in late 2018 under the aegis of the Law Society of England & Wales and the Ministry of Justice, with a view to stimulating the development of the sector. This is closely allied with the research objectives of our programme, so we have liaised closely with both individual members of the Panel, and the Panel collectively, in multiple ways over the life of our research project to date. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
| Description | Lecture at the Tsinghua University, China (online) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | A lecture delivered by Vaclav Janecek on 27 May 2020: "Ownership and Trade in Personal Data" to c.30 students at Tsinghua Law School as part of an emerging collaboration between the Tsinghua University Computational Law Centre and the Oxford Law Faculty's research programme on AI in English Law. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Legal Geek online conference, 13 - 14 October 2020 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Industry-facing conference Lawtech industry event. Mari Sako presented, Richard Parnham and Vaclav Janecek also attended. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Legal Tech and Education Network |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Launched Law & Technology Education Network 24 April 2019, 33 Educational Institutions have since joined Legal Tech Education Network Workshop, Oxford 23 July 2019 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
| Description | Legal Tech and the Future of Civil Justice online conference, Stanford Law School |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | 20 Feb 2021: Conference Presentation: Legal Tech and the Future of Civil Justice online conference, Stanford Law School (Zoom webinar)Online conference organised by Stanford Law School with >500 participants worldwide |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://conferences.law.stanford.edu/legal-tech-and-the-future-of-civil-justice/ |
| Description | Legal Transformation Roundtable |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Legal Transformation Roundtable, 24 November Industry event. MS presented, RP attended. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | LegalEdCon London, 2020 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Keynote presentation on research on pedagogy for law and technology to The Future of Legal Education and Training Conference 2020 (LegalEdCon London, organised by Legal Cheek). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.legalcheek.com/legaledcon-london/ |
| Description | Managing Partners' Forum Board |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | John Armour was invited to join the Board of the Managing Partners' Forum, a professional forum for senior partners in law and accounting firms. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Meeting with Ajit Jaokar (ContEd Oxford) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | WP5 explored collaboration and experiences with course delivery in Machine Learning and Cloud computing |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Meeting with Legal Services Board to outline research, and synergies with LSB's research agenda |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Meeting with Legal Services Board to outline research, and synergies with LSB's research agenda |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Meeting with Open Data Institute |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Meeting with Open Data Institute (WP2) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Meeting with Sucheet Amin of Lavatech UK and Aequitas Legal |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Interview Sucheet and plan for future engagements |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Meeting with Swansea University LawTech team |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Exploring potential collaborations 27th May 2020 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Meeting with Technation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Exploratory meeting to discuss lawtech sandbox |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Meeting with course mentors |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | A meeting with ca 15 industry partners who agreed to support the Law and Computer Science course as mentors next year |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Meetings and Engagements with Legal Geek |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Call with Jimmy Vestbirt, Legal Geek, 31 July 2019 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Meetings with Bar standards board |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Initial call with Bar Standards Board 29 May 2019 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Meetings with Ministry of Justice Innovation team |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Mutliple meetings/phone calls with members of the Innovation team at the Ministry of Justice. This resulted in two-way dialogue about objectives, and insights from the research fed into MoJ work programmes. These included sharing draft report for WP2 and draft literature review for WP3; zoom call with MoJ personnel to discuss; meeting to explore potential training programme for the MoJ; |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020,2021 |
| Description | Meetings with Project Partners (40) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Multiple meetings have been held with project partners Lawtech startups: Cognitiv+ (2); LexSnap (2); Athelstan Law (3); Avantia Law (2); Law firms: Allen & Overy LLP (4); Slaughter & May (4); Barristers: Robin Dicker QC (2); Professional bodies: The Law Society of England & Wales (8); Third sector organisations: Legal Education Foundation (4); She Breaks the Law (2). Data providers: Thomson Reuters (6). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
| Description | Meetings with SRA |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Meetings with SRA - 1 Initial |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Model Law Commission report (Big Voice London) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Providing feedback on LawTech and LawTech Education report by A-levels students involved in the Big Voice London's Model Law Commission project |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | NextGen Services Brown Bag (online) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Augmented Lawyering, Mapping the LawTech Ecosystem, The Common Core of LawTech Knowledge and Skills Joint event with other NextGen programmes (ca 25 participants); knowledge exchange 15th July 2020 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Non-Departmental Public Bodies Lawyers' Group Annual Conference (online) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Tom Melham (University of Oxford), Rebecca Williams (WP5), Ewart Keep (WP5), Václav Janecek (WP5) + ca 25 participants from in-house legal departments of NDPBs |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Online meeting of various UK universities involved in next generation services research |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Online meeting of various UK universities involved in next generation services research |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Oxford LawTech Education Programme (Digital Literacy) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | 5-week training programme for law professionals - 248 Slaughter & May staff members 2-week training programme for law professionals - 223 Government Legal Department staff members |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Oxford University Research Blog entries |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | J. Armour and R. Parnham, 'Unlocking the Potential of AI for English Law', Oxford University Research Blog, 3 April 2019 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Participation in Futures Workshop about AI in Professional Services (run by Sheffield NGS research team) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Participation in Scenario Planning Workshop about Next Generation Services (run by Sheffield NGS research team). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Participation in LawTech Parliamentary Networking Event 25 Feb 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Participation in LawTech Parliamentary Networking Event 25 Feb 2019 - Work packages 1,3 and 5 participated in this event |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Participation in Panel on AI at Fraud Lawyers' Association International Conference, 21 June 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Participation in Panel on AI at Fraud Lawyers' Association International Conference, 21 June 2019 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Practical project presentations |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | WP5 + ca 25 academics from institutions around the UK Presentations from the LawTech student cohort. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Preparing students for the post-Covid legal workplace (online) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Nigel Spencer (WP1), RW and VJ (WP5) + ca 50 participants from the profession and universities around England |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Presentation (WP1) Linklaters - Emerging Legal Tech Forum |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation to law firm about findings from WP1. MS and JA presented, RP attended. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Presentation in Banque de France workshop on Models for Regulation of AI in Finance |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Project researcher Prof J Armour participated as a presenter and contributor to a panel discussion on the appropriate model for regulation of AI in finance on 17 May 2021. Other participants included representatives of the European Commission, the French ACPR (prudential financial regulator) and a representative of the Singapore Monetary Authority. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.telecom-paris.fr/agenda/lundis-ia-finance-acpr-crossed-perspectives |
| Description | Presentations of research findings to professional services firms (5) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Members of the research team gave presentations of research findings to practitioners at multiple professional organisations, including Taylor Wessing, Eversheds, Geist & Gegenwart (Austria), Slaughter and May, Herbert Smith Freehills, Linklaters, Zurich Insurance. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020,2021 |
| Description | Project Launch Conference: Engagement with multiple educational institutions, policymakers and other sector organisations |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Engagement with multiple educational institutions, policymakers and other sector organisations at Launch Conference, 18-19 March 2019 Total engagements across all work packages : 36 Engagements with public (live web stream of conference) : Over 101 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Project seminars - External speakers |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | A series of external speakers were invited to present findings of research cognate to the project's agenda to researchers in the project team, postgraduate students, and representatives of partner organisations. These included Professor Martin Schmalz, Oxford SBS, 17 July 2019; Professor Nicolas Aletras Computer Science, Sheffield University, 1 Oct 2019; Ron Dolin, Harvard Law School, 18 February 2020. The workshops have stimulated interdisciplinary engagement within the research community. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
| Description | Research Meets Practice Conference 2020 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Participation by Rebecca Williams in panel discussion "What Digital Skills do Lawyers Need to Have?", 2020 ReMeP Conference - "Research Meets Practice", Austria (online). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.remep.net/materials-2020/ |
| Description | Research Report Launch Event |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Online launch event for Research Report, Building a Justice Data Infrastructure: Opportunities and Constraints, Oct 2020. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-10-08-building-justice-data-infrastructure |
| Description | Royal Statistical Society Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation on analysing legal texts using machine learning to workshop on Computational Methods for Decision Support in the Law, Royal Statistical Society. Dec 2020. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Slaughter & May pilots Oxford LawTech education series |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Slaughter and May News update, 18 December 2020 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.slaughterandmay.com/news/slaughter-and-may-pilots-oxford-university-lawtech-education-se... |
| Description | Stakeholder Forum on Mapping the LawTech Ecosystem at the Law Society of England and Wales, 21 January 2020 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | This workshop was a launch event for the work package on Mapping the LawTech Ecosystem. It brought together a mix of lawtech entrepreneurs, innovation leads from law firms, policymakers from the Ministry of Justice, and heads of lawtech incubators. The group heard a presentation of work in progress from the Oxford researchers, followed by a series of breakout sessions to drill down on key themes relevant for the research programme. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Targeted blog dissemination of research activity (6) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Multiple summaries of project outputs and activities published on Oxford Business Law Blog, a high-traffic forum read by practitioners, academics and policymakers. J. Armour and R. Parnham, 'Unlocking the Potential of AI for English Law', Oxford University Research Blog, 3 April 2019 E. Keep, 'Summary of the AI in English Law Conference', Oxford Business Law Blog, 15 May 2019 R. Parnham, Blog of interview with Slaughter and May (project partner) regarding firm's innovation and AI initatives (published 5 June 2019). R Williams, "Faculty launches new option in Law and Computer Science", Oxford Law Faculty News, 16 Oct 2019 V. Janecek, 'The Oxford Law Faculty and the Department of Computer Science Join Forces to Deliver a New Interdisciplinary Course', 22 Oct 2019 J.Armour and M.Sako, 'AI-Enabled Business Models in Legal Services: From Traditional Law Firms to Next-Generation Law Companies?', 23 Jan 2020 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019,2020 |
| Description | The future of LawTech education |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Rebecca Williams, Ewart Keep, Václav Janecek (WP5) + ca 75 registered particpants May 26th 2020 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/events/future-lawtech-education-wp5 |
| Description | Titan Fund |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | 6 meetings x 1 hour Negotiating funding for DPhil studentship |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | UKRI KTN Workshop in London 14 May 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | UKRI KTN Workshop in London 14 May 2019 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | User Workshop and Lecture in Oxford, 11 November 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | A user workshop was held during the afternoon of 11 November 2019, at whcih project researchers outlined work in progress to an audience including representatives of our project partners. This was followed by a lecture and debate about the future of digital legal services, led by Dan Reed, CEO of UnitedLex. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | What is arbitration? |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Horst Eidenmüller (University of Oxford) and Faidon Varesis (University of Cambridge) + ca 80 registered participants 15th May 2020 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/events/what-arbitration |
| Description | Workshop - Access to Court Data 6th March 2020 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | Workshop with 25 participants, including representatives from the Ministry of Justice, HMCTS, the Judiciary, and researchers from Oxford University. The research team presented a report on establishing a framework for access to court data, along with an overview of research questions for the application of AI to judicial precedents. A panel discussion followed in which the many and compex issues arising in this field were aired. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Workshop - Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental rights |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Maja Brkan (Maastricht University) + ca 135 registered participants from across the globe |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/events/artificial-intelligence-and-fundamental-rights |
| Description | Workshop co-organised with the Legal Education Foundation (Project partner) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Workshop co-organised with the Legal Education Foundation (project partner) to draft recommendations for measuring the impact of online courts on access to justice, Nov 2018 Phone call with the Legal Education Foundation to discuss thedata required for the evaluation of the court reform programme (Q2) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | YouTube video - "Augmented Lawyering" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Youtube video summarising paper "Augmented Lawyering" for popular audience. Produced by European Corporate Governance Institute. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGG3UPDvPLY |
| Description | Zurich Insurance Global Webinar "Data Commitment and Sustainability" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | John Armour, Presentation in Webinar series organised by Zurich INsurance, "Data Commitment & Sustainability" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |