Popular infrastructural politics: Connecting grassroots knowledge and practice on marketplace governance

Lead Research Organisation: University of Sheffield
Department Name: Urban Studies and Planning

Abstract

Marketplaces play a vital role in the everyday life of many urban communities. They are part of the supply systems that make food and other basic staples accessible to urban residents, and in many cities around the world, they also represent significant public spaces where social connections and forms of belonging are built. Either covered or open, marketplaces have increasingly become essential infrastructures for low-income and marginalised urban residents, who rely on their affordable prices for subsistence. This contribution to people's subsistence largely depends on the vibrant economic, social, cultural, and political life of market trader communities, whose efforts to keep these commercial infrastructures working are permanent.
The aim of this fellowship is to disseminate and consolidate my research findings concerning the traders' permanent efforts to keep the marketplaces alive. In doing so, the fellowship will help to better understand the long-standing contribution of grassroots organisations to infrastructure and city-making. The fellowship also aims to encourage an international conversation between academics, marketplaces' stakeholders, and practitioners about their experiences in infrastructure governance. In this way, the fellowship will facilitate knowledge exchange concerning the challenges embedded in infrastructure provision, maintenance, and transformation. Focused on these two aims, the fellowship will contribute to envision alternatives to current trends in infrastructure governance from a grassroots perspective which recognises and values the work and political experience of key workers such as market traders.
For this, the fellowship builds upon my PhD research, which explored Mexico City's trader community and its public markets' network, which comprises more than 70,000 traders and 329 commercial facilities. These actors and spaces have developed what I have conceptualised as popular infrastructural politics to fight against political neglect and infrastructure abandonment and deterioration. Rather than seeing grassroots politics as discrete, fragile, or ephemeral, popular infrastructural politics seeks to capture the existence of long-standing grassroots political traditions that revolve around the rights to subsistence, infrastructure, and the city.
My fieldwork revealed that market traders have been able to forge these long-standing political traditions around public markets, making popular infrastructural politics a crucial practice to defending an essential service for the marginalised. Furthermore, through popular infrastructural politics, Mexico City market traders have not only developed strategies to shape marketplaces governance at a local scale but infrastructure provision and law and policymaking at the city and national levels for the past 70 years.
The proposed activities for this fellowship will take these conceptual and empirical contributions further through publications, an international online workshop, a project's website, a podcast series, and new research. These dissemination and engagement activities will seek to maximise the impact of my research findings by engaging with both theory and practice on infrastructure governance. They will also seek to inform public opinion by raising awareness of the contributions of marginalised urban actors to infrastructure provision, maintenance, and transformation and city-making in general.
This research on popular politics and infrastructure governance is relevant in a context in which governments and the public have widely acknowledged the importance and value of key workers and essential services. Therefore, the activities and outputs proposed under this fellowship will not only be significant to those directly related to marketplaces, but to anyone involved or interested in the long-term grassroots struggles to keep safe and running essential urban infrastructure.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description This award's most significant achievement is the consolidation of the project's conceptual contribution, which revolves around the notion of "popular infrastructural politics" (e.g., papers submitted to academic journals). The activities conducted during the fellowship expanded previous research on the political and infrastructural practices of marginalised urban groups by creating spaces for debate and knowledge exchange at an international level. The project's activities have also produced new insights into the experiences of marketplace governance in the Global South, particularly in Latin America, by creating instances of collaboration among stakeholders and academics and their associated materials (e.g., online workshops and podcasts). The project's research activities have opened up new questions about the adoption of digital technologies and the development of digital political practices of marginalised urban groups (dataset available at the UK Data Service). The project has also contributed to making more visible the work of early-career researchers based in Latin America and the United Kingdom by producing a bilingual publication and a podcast series that showcase their work. These collaborations built on and contributed to larger international networks researching urban and territorial contestation (e.g., Contested Territories and the ECR Urban Studies Network).
Exploitation Route The research outcomes can be taken forward by stakeholders involved in urban and marketplace governance, particularly by those who directly participated in the project's activities (market trader representatives, government officials, policymakers, and practitioners). While this can benefit stakeholders in Latin America, the research outcomes can also inform ideas, practices, plans, and strategies more globally, as they provide insights into the role of marginalised urban communities in shaping urban food supply systems. The research outcomes are relevant for those working on areas such as participatory governance, urban regeneration, and public service delivery. The most conceptual contributions of the project can be taken forward as part of academic discussions on the urban subaltern, infrastructural politics, and urban politics in the Global South and particularly in Latin America. The dissemination and knowledge activities developed for this project can also be continued by other academics and marketplace stakeholders, as they have proved the potentialities of online activities to build an inclusive international conversation on shared agendas at a grassroots level.
Sectors Agriculture, Food and Drink,Government, Democracy and Justice,Retail,Other

URL https://infrapolitics.org/popular-infrastructural-politics/about/
 
Description The project's main goal involved disseminating existing research findings and new audio-visual and written outputs developed during the fellowship by making them publicly available in a variety of formats. These include a case studies collection, a podcast series, a website, and a dataset, which are now available online on the project's dedicated website and institutional repositories. This has raised public awareness about marginalised urban actors' role in urban and infrastructure governance. The project's website has been visited 1,200 times since it was launched in November 2022, the case studies collection has been viewed 1,033 times and downloaded 178 times, while the dataset has been viewed 102 times (University of Sheffield's Data Repository, up to March 2023). These materials have also been circulated digitally among marketplace stakeholders, particularly in the networks of those who participated in the project's activities. These stakeholders are primarily based in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. Participants in the project reported the positive impact of the activities and outputs as early as May 2022, after the project's international online workshop on marketplace governance took place. Academics participating in the project also reported that the project's outputs benefited the trader communities they have worked with, to the extent that the project has made these communities' contributions to marketplace governance more visible internationally through the use of digital technologies and the publication of bilingual materials (case studies collection, podcast, website).
First Year Of Impact 2022
Sector Government, Democracy and Justice,Retail,Other
Impact Types Societal,Policy & public services

 
Title Interviews With Mexico City Market Traders Regarding the Adoption of Digital Technologies and Practices for Political Purposes, 2022 
Description The data consist of six transcripts of semi-structured interviews conducted online with market trader leaders in Mexico City. These interviews result from complementary research conducted as part of the ESRC postdoctoral project "Popular infrastructural politics: Connecting grassroots knowledge and practice on marketplace governance." This project builds on data collected in 2018, whose analysis led to the findings published in the doctoral thesis "Popular infrastructural politics: Trader organisation and public markets in Mexico City" (https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/28209/). These exploratory interviews delve into the traders' adoption of digital technologies and practices in recent years (from the late 2000s onwards). Particular attention is given to how these technologies and practices have been mobilised in the traders' struggles to preserve and improve Mexico City's public markets as public infrastructures and services. The interviews capture the traders' opinions and experiences concerning the function and importance of these technologies and practices in their everyday life. In addition, the interviews provide insights into the role of digital technologies and practices in organising and resisting the impacts of urban regeneration and the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, this complementary research contributes to expanding the analysis of the market traders' political repertoires and diverse engagements in urban politics. Interviewees were recruited among research participants met while conducting the aforementioned doctoral project. Interview scripts were designed to explore the participants' engagement with digital technologies and practices. Because of their specificity, the interviews often rely on interviews and informal conversations previously held with the researcher. The interview transcripts are shared in their original language, Spanish. They have been anonymised and pseudonymised to ensure the participant's right to confidentiality. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This dataset provides new insights into the long-term processes shaping the adoption of digital technologies and practices by grassroots urban organisations and subaltern collectives, particularly those formed by market traders. This material has been used in dissemination activities (conference presentations) and will serve as the basis for producing academic papers and organising future knowledge exchange activities with marketplace stakeholders. 
URL http://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/id/eprint/855886
 
Description Contested Territories (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2019) 
Organisation University of Leipzig
Country Germany 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Using research developed during this fellowship and my expertise concerning grassroots politics in Latin America, I co-organised a seminar series on Critical Policy Analysis with Latin American and European academics, professionals, and activists who are members of the Contested Territories network. I have also provided inputs to develop a training programme on audiovisual methods for network members, which will be delivered by Torero Film, a documentary producer based in Berlin, Germany.
Collaborator Contribution Various network members have provided me with feedback on two article drafts I am developing as part of this fellowship. Network members have also been interviewed for a podcast series on infrastructure governance and marketplaces and are involved in the organisation of an international online workshop to be held in May 2022, which are part of this project's outcomes.
Impact Participation in an activity, workshop or similar - Presentation in Critical Policy Analysis Seminar Series. This activity was multi-disciplinary, including scholars in disciplines such as Geography, Anthropology, Sociology, Law, and Agronomy as well as professional practitioners and activists.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Discussant - Workshop Fire, Power and Justice (hybrid event) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact I participated as a discussant in a workshop attended by around 30 people. I was invited to provide feedback and pose questions to presenters and audience alike given my expertise on infrastructure, repair and maintenance, and fires. I used my research to illustrate these processes and further the discussion among workshop participants. My contribution was considered valuable by the organisers. As a hybrid event held in Sheffield, it was attended by an international audience.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Organiser/Presenter - International online workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Third sector organisations
Results and Impact This two-day online workshop was attended by 28 people on day one and 26 people on day two. Participants included market trader leaders, government officials (policymakers), academics, practitioners, and media practitioners from the following countries: Mexico, Ecuador, Argentina, Peru, Brazil, Chile, Spain, Bulgaria, and the UK.

This event was co-organised by me, as lead coordinator, and a group of ECRs to provide an online space for an international audience to meet and discuss marketplace governance issues. It consisted of eight 10-minute presentations delivered by academics from different countries and three 40-minute workshops.

The presentations disseminated the findings of completed and ongoing research regarding marketplaces in Latin American and European countries, which opened the floor to problematise marketplace governance. I also participated as a presenter in this event, showcasing part of my research findings concerning marketplace infrastructural challenges. In the workshops, participants discussed the multiple functions of marketplaces and the different regulatory, institutional, and policy aspects of marketplace governance. Three templates were specifically designed with an online collaborative whiteboard platform to record the participants' experiences, ideas, and projects during the workshops. Participants actively engage in workshop activities and a series of final interventions by participants emphasised the relevance and value of the event.

The primary outcomes of this event are 1) the dissemination of relevant scientific knowledge concerning marketplace governance from an international perspective; 2) the knowledge exchange process in which participants engage through workshop activities; 3) the interest in continuing the discussion around these issues at an international level with different stakeholders and developing a network for further knowledge exchange; and 4) key inputs which will be included in a collection of case studies and workshop report.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://infrapolitics.org/popular-infrastructural-politics/workshop/
 
Description Podcast series 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact The first season of a podcast series entitled "Voces desde y para los mercados" (Voices from and for marketplaces) is being released. Each episode consists of an interview with a market trader or an academic whose work discusses marketplace governance issues. The series is presented in Spanish, as its main objective is to reach stakeholders and audiences in Mexico City and other Latin American cities. This activity has raised interest in developing future episodes with Spanish- and English-speaking guests.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://infrapolitics.org/popular-infrastructural-politics/podcast/
 
Description Presentation - SLAS paper 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Around 50 academics, including postgraduate students, and members of the public and government officials interested in Latin America attended a paper presentation I delivered at the Society of Latin American Studies (SLAS) Annual Conference. My presentation "Contentious politics of repair and maintenance: Infrastructural mediations in traders-state relations in Mexico City" was part of the panel "Contentious politics and institutions in Latin American cities." My presentation sparked a couple of questions from the audience.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/society-for-latin-american-studies-slas-annual-conferen...
 
Description Presentation in Critical Policy Analysis Seminar Series 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact I presented the paper "Policy and Urban Resistance: Counter-narratives in Urban Infrastructure Governance" in the second session of the Critical Policy Analysis seminar series, organised by members of the Contested Territories network. This session, titled Politics and Infrastructures: Networks, Conditions, and Resistance, was attended by 20 network members. A working paper is being developed based on this and other contributions to the seminar series. As an online event, it was attended by an international audience.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.contested-territories.net/
 
Description Project website 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A dedicated webpage for the project which compiles and disseminates the activities developed during the fellowship. It contains an explanation of these activities and provides links to all the project's outputs and to additional resources. The project is portrayed alongside other research projects I developed previously.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://infrapolitics.org/popular-infrastructural-politics/about/
 
Description Session organiser/presenter - RC21 Conference 2022 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Around 60 academics, including postgraduate students, activists, and members of the public attended the three conference sessions I co-organised, "Panel 10: Everyday infrastructural negotiations: Ordinary people and exceptional struggles in the Southern cities context." I also presented the paper "Regulating infrastructure from below: 20 years of politico-legal battles in Mexico City's public markets," which sparked questions and comments from the audience. Attendants to the three sessions provided positive feedback, considering the sessions and presentations insightful.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://pcoconvin.eventsair.com/rc21/program-overview
 
Description Session organiser/presenter - RGS-IBG Conference 2022 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Around 25 academics, including postgraduate and undergraduate students, attended the session "44: Urban infrastructure and digital technologies: Global South experiences before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic and associated crises, which I co-organised and was sponsored by the Latin American Geographies Working Group and the Digital Geographies Research Group. In this session, I also presented the paper "Digital activism in spaces of infrastructural struggle: A case of Mexico City's public markets." The audience engaged actively during the discussion, providing feedback and posing questions that prompted a rich debate.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.rgs.org/research/annual-international-conference/programme/downloads-folder/rgs-ibg-ac20...