Inequalities in Access to Health Care in Brazil and India: Closing the Gap for the Poorest-poor

Lead Research Organisation: University of Southampton
Department Name: Statistical Sciences Research institute

Abstract

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Description The project has successfully achieved the intended objectives including research networking, quantitative training and proposal development events in Brazil (June 2010), India (January 2011) and the UK (May 2011). The comparative analyses of the Brazilian and Indian datasets demonstrated evidence of new dimensions of inequalities in healthcare addressing different indicators at individual and health systems level. The levels of inequalities associated with health care indicators varied between Brazil and India and the gradients were found sensitive to level dependence. The findings showed the trade-off between quantity and quality in healthcare access and associated inequalities between (horizontal) and within (vertical) socioeconomic groups. The comparisons highlighted best practice models, policy gaps and areas for programme intervention in Brazil and India. Poorest-poor disadvantage in healthcare access was accentuated more in India than in Brazil, in terms of equity, coverage and scale. Andrade et al. (Health and Place, in-press) showed that inequalities in essential diagnostic/medical care during pregnancy were minimal in Brazil whereas in India the uptake was geographically restricted with substantial inequalities. Singh et al. study (PLoS one, 2012,7(5) concluded distinctly low uptake of postnatal services for homebirths, with significant rich-poor differences. Channon et al. (Social Science & Medicine, 75(12):2394-402) demonstrated evidence that, unlike India, the economic inequalities in the probability of care and hospital stay among elderly were minimal in Brazil. Leone et al. (Maternal & Child Health Journal, conditionally-accepted) concluded high burden of maternal health care expenditure in Indian households, Pallikadavath et al. showed inequalities uneven distribution of health workers for maternal-child health services within and between health sub-centres. Other four comparative papers showed evidence of inequities in public spending (Leone et.al), socioeconomic inequalities in public sector sterilization (Caetano et al) and clinical contraceptive use (Padmadas et al).
Exploitation Route The findings had objectively verifiable impact in engaging health officials, health service providers and local administrators of the health institutions during field evaluations in Brazil and India. The comparison of Brazil and India was crucial in understanding the economic impact of universal healthcare policy or Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) in Brazil and the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India. The research network events in Brazil and India contributed to promoting the scientific relevance and timeliness of the topic on health care inequalities to a wider community involving academics and policy makers in Brazil and India. Both network events included a field visit to selected health institutions in Brazil and India which enabled the project team to identify the gaps in service provision as well as provided an opportunity to share experiences. The network event in India included a three days quantitative methods research training workshop for early- and mid-career researchers in India. The workshop provided opportunities for research consultation and scientific interaction with participants, which generated wider knowledge and relevance of research on health inequalities. The benefits and impact of wider knowledge transfer were confirmed through a formal evaluation of research training workshops.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Healthcare,Government, Democracy and Justice
URL http://www.researchcatalogue.esrc.ac.uk/grants/RES-238-25-0009/outputs/read/fc66c0e9-a29e-4ece-9c98-d0f6ef0751c6
 
Description IndiaEurope NWOESRCICSSR Networking Grant
Amount £107,290 (GBP)
Funding ID ES/K005979/1 
Organisation Economic and Social Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2012 
End 08/2015
 
Description Brazil-India-UK research network on health inequalities 
Organisation Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum
Country India 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The project was successful in facilitating multidisciplinary research collaboration engaging researchers from the UK, Brazil, India and Portugal. The collaboration was instrumental in generating high quality research outputs which contributed to wider academic and social impact. The project coordinated dissemination and impact events in Brazil, India and the UK, enabled leadership to forming a new Scientific Panel for the International Union for Scientific Studies on Population, facilitated successful research exchange between India and the UK, UFMG and Southampton, UFMG and Portsmouth, India and Portsmouth, UFMG and LSE, UFMG and Institute for Social and Economic Change (India). The collaboration contributed significantly to analysing large-scale cross-sectional data from India and Brazil, produced 2 research reports and 6 research papers of which 4 were published in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, the collaboration was able to develop 4 research proposals, of which two were successful. The partnership expanded its research activities to include: José G. Dias (ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon) who contributed to research training workshops on the measurement of health care inequalities; invited Population Research Centre of the University of Groningen to develop a joint research council funded India-Europe research network proposal and the Poverty and Sexual and Reproductive Health Network involving researchers from LSE, Loughborough, Hull, Warwick and INDEPTH.
Collaborator Contribution Research publications, research exchange (PhD researcher, post-doctoral researcher), research training workshops for early career researchers , contributed to writing research proposals, facilitated meetings with policy makers and stakeholders in Brazil and India, invited research team to international workshops and scientific panel and sustained research collaboration beyond the life of the project. The research team engaged successfully throughout the project which resulted in sharing interdisciplinary expertise, quantitative data analyses, strengthening capacity and accomplishing the outputs. The comparative analyses of the Brazilian and Indian datasets demonstrated evidence of new dimensions of inequalities in healthcare addressing different indicators at individual and health systems level. The levels of inequalities associated with health care indicators varied between Brazil and India and the gradients were found sensitive to level dependence. The project has been successful in establishing an interdisciplinary international research network engaging early, mid-career and senior researchers from Brazil, India and the UK. The team actively contributed and benefited throughout the project in knowledge transfer, scientific discussions, quantitative data analyses and strengthening research capacity. The network focused its efforts on strengthening quantitative research skills by engaging early career researchers in research training and providing opportunities to lead research papers.
Impact The collaboration is multi-disciplinary engaging demographers, social statisticians, health economists, epidemiologists, sociologists and statisticians. The partnership was instrumental in producing a benefits, mostly academic, social and cultural. 1. Project inception workshop, UFMG, Brazil, 28 June-2 July 2010 2. Collaborative Research Training "Health Inequalities: Measures and Models", Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 8-10, 2011 3. International seminar and dissemination event "Understanding health inequalities in Brazil and India: Measurement, Evidence and Policy", Institute for Social & Economic Change, Bangalore, January 8-14, 2011 4. Joint research article: Viegas Andrade M, Noronha K, Singh A, Rodrigues CG, Padmadas SS. (2012). Antenatal care use in Brazil and India: scale, outreach and socioeconomic inequality. Health and Place, 18(5):942-950. 5. Joint research article: Singh A, Padmadas SS, Mishra US, Pallikadavath S, Johnson FA, Matthews Z. (2012). Socio-economic inequalities in the use of postnatal care in India. PLoS One, 7(5):e37037. 6. Joint research article: Channon AA, Andrade MV, Noronha K, Leone T, Dilip TR. (2014). Inpatient care of the elderly in Brazil and India: assessing social inequalities. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12):2394-2402. 7. Joint research article: Leone T, James KS, Padmadas SS. (2013). The burden of maternal health care expenditure in India: multilevel analysis of national data. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(9):1622-1630. 8. Prof. Eduardo Rios-Neto (Co-I) and Prof. K.S. James (Co-I) successful in leading a new International Union for Scientific Study on Population Scientific Panel 'New Challenges in Population and Development'. 9. The partnership between UK and India was able to develop a successful research network proposal for the ANR/DFG/ESRC/ICSSR/NWO India-Europe Collaborative Research grant "Ageing and wellbeing in a globalizing world (ES/K005979/1). 10. The partnership between UK and India was able to follow-up on ESRC project and generate a successful Leverhulme Trust Fellowship led by Dr. Pallikadavath and Dr, Singh. 11. Research exchange visits: Prof. Andre Caetano (co-Investigator) and Ms. Luciana Luz (PhD researcher spent 6 months in Southampton) jointly supervised by Caetano and Padmadas 12. Joint research proposal submitted to ESRC "Emerging Middle Class, New Inequalities? Demographic Convergence, Social Change and Health Risk Behaviours in Brazil, India, China and South Africa" (unsuccessful) 13. Field study (health institution visits) in India and Brazil to triangulate quantitative evidence from cross-sectional data with qualitative evidence: Brazil (Maternidade (maternity services) Odete Valadares; Posto de Saúde (Health Post) São José Operário and Granja de Freitas region in Minas Gerais); and in India (Belaku Trust NGO engaged in community health interventions involving auxiliary nurse-midwives; primary health centre and a secondary-level sub-district hospital in Kanakapura Taluk of Karnataka) facilitated policy-oriented research discussions with health officials and local administrators, addressing wide ranging issues related to health care inequalities and on the extent of service coverage and healthcare use amongst the poorest-poor under the SUS and NRHM. Specifically the implementation of the new Mother-Child Tracking system in India under the Accredited Social Health Activists Scheme of the NRHM reviewed, identifying its strengths and weaknesses including the implications for the marginalised households.
Start Year 2010
 
Description Brazil-India-UK research network on health inequalities 
Organisation Federal University of Minas Gerais
Department Center for Development and Regional Planning (Cedeplar)
Country Brazil 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The project was successful in facilitating multidisciplinary research collaboration engaging researchers from the UK, Brazil, India and Portugal. The collaboration was instrumental in generating high quality research outputs which contributed to wider academic and social impact. The project coordinated dissemination and impact events in Brazil, India and the UK, enabled leadership to forming a new Scientific Panel for the International Union for Scientific Studies on Population, facilitated successful research exchange between India and the UK, UFMG and Southampton, UFMG and Portsmouth, India and Portsmouth, UFMG and LSE, UFMG and Institute for Social and Economic Change (India). The collaboration contributed significantly to analysing large-scale cross-sectional data from India and Brazil, produced 2 research reports and 6 research papers of which 4 were published in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, the collaboration was able to develop 4 research proposals, of which two were successful. The partnership expanded its research activities to include: José G. Dias (ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon) who contributed to research training workshops on the measurement of health care inequalities; invited Population Research Centre of the University of Groningen to develop a joint research council funded India-Europe research network proposal and the Poverty and Sexual and Reproductive Health Network involving researchers from LSE, Loughborough, Hull, Warwick and INDEPTH.
Collaborator Contribution Research publications, research exchange (PhD researcher, post-doctoral researcher), research training workshops for early career researchers , contributed to writing research proposals, facilitated meetings with policy makers and stakeholders in Brazil and India, invited research team to international workshops and scientific panel and sustained research collaboration beyond the life of the project. The research team engaged successfully throughout the project which resulted in sharing interdisciplinary expertise, quantitative data analyses, strengthening capacity and accomplishing the outputs. The comparative analyses of the Brazilian and Indian datasets demonstrated evidence of new dimensions of inequalities in healthcare addressing different indicators at individual and health systems level. The levels of inequalities associated with health care indicators varied between Brazil and India and the gradients were found sensitive to level dependence. The project has been successful in establishing an interdisciplinary international research network engaging early, mid-career and senior researchers from Brazil, India and the UK. The team actively contributed and benefited throughout the project in knowledge transfer, scientific discussions, quantitative data analyses and strengthening research capacity. The network focused its efforts on strengthening quantitative research skills by engaging early career researchers in research training and providing opportunities to lead research papers.
Impact The collaboration is multi-disciplinary engaging demographers, social statisticians, health economists, epidemiologists, sociologists and statisticians. The partnership was instrumental in producing a benefits, mostly academic, social and cultural. 1. Project inception workshop, UFMG, Brazil, 28 June-2 July 2010 2. Collaborative Research Training "Health Inequalities: Measures and Models", Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 8-10, 2011 3. International seminar and dissemination event "Understanding health inequalities in Brazil and India: Measurement, Evidence and Policy", Institute for Social & Economic Change, Bangalore, January 8-14, 2011 4. Joint research article: Viegas Andrade M, Noronha K, Singh A, Rodrigues CG, Padmadas SS. (2012). Antenatal care use in Brazil and India: scale, outreach and socioeconomic inequality. Health and Place, 18(5):942-950. 5. Joint research article: Singh A, Padmadas SS, Mishra US, Pallikadavath S, Johnson FA, Matthews Z. (2012). Socio-economic inequalities in the use of postnatal care in India. PLoS One, 7(5):e37037. 6. Joint research article: Channon AA, Andrade MV, Noronha K, Leone T, Dilip TR. (2014). Inpatient care of the elderly in Brazil and India: assessing social inequalities. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12):2394-2402. 7. Joint research article: Leone T, James KS, Padmadas SS. (2013). The burden of maternal health care expenditure in India: multilevel analysis of national data. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(9):1622-1630. 8. Prof. Eduardo Rios-Neto (Co-I) and Prof. K.S. James (Co-I) successful in leading a new International Union for Scientific Study on Population Scientific Panel 'New Challenges in Population and Development'. 9. The partnership between UK and India was able to develop a successful research network proposal for the ANR/DFG/ESRC/ICSSR/NWO India-Europe Collaborative Research grant "Ageing and wellbeing in a globalizing world (ES/K005979/1). 10. The partnership between UK and India was able to follow-up on ESRC project and generate a successful Leverhulme Trust Fellowship led by Dr. Pallikadavath and Dr, Singh. 11. Research exchange visits: Prof. Andre Caetano (co-Investigator) and Ms. Luciana Luz (PhD researcher spent 6 months in Southampton) jointly supervised by Caetano and Padmadas 12. Joint research proposal submitted to ESRC "Emerging Middle Class, New Inequalities? Demographic Convergence, Social Change and Health Risk Behaviours in Brazil, India, China and South Africa" (unsuccessful) 13. Field study (health institution visits) in India and Brazil to triangulate quantitative evidence from cross-sectional data with qualitative evidence: Brazil (Maternidade (maternity services) Odete Valadares; Posto de Saúde (Health Post) São José Operário and Granja de Freitas region in Minas Gerais); and in India (Belaku Trust NGO engaged in community health interventions involving auxiliary nurse-midwives; primary health centre and a secondary-level sub-district hospital in Kanakapura Taluk of Karnataka) facilitated policy-oriented research discussions with health officials and local administrators, addressing wide ranging issues related to health care inequalities and on the extent of service coverage and healthcare use amongst the poorest-poor under the SUS and NRHM. Specifically the implementation of the new Mother-Child Tracking system in India under the Accredited Social Health Activists Scheme of the NRHM reviewed, identifying its strengths and weaknesses including the implications for the marginalised households.
Start Year 2010
 
Description Brazil-India-UK research network on health inequalities 
Organisation International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)
Department Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies
Country India 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The project was successful in facilitating multidisciplinary research collaboration engaging researchers from the UK, Brazil, India and Portugal. The collaboration was instrumental in generating high quality research outputs which contributed to wider academic and social impact. The project coordinated dissemination and impact events in Brazil, India and the UK, enabled leadership to forming a new Scientific Panel for the International Union for Scientific Studies on Population, facilitated successful research exchange between India and the UK, UFMG and Southampton, UFMG and Portsmouth, India and Portsmouth, UFMG and LSE, UFMG and Institute for Social and Economic Change (India). The collaboration contributed significantly to analysing large-scale cross-sectional data from India and Brazil, produced 2 research reports and 6 research papers of which 4 were published in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, the collaboration was able to develop 4 research proposals, of which two were successful. The partnership expanded its research activities to include: José G. Dias (ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon) who contributed to research training workshops on the measurement of health care inequalities; invited Population Research Centre of the University of Groningen to develop a joint research council funded India-Europe research network proposal and the Poverty and Sexual and Reproductive Health Network involving researchers from LSE, Loughborough, Hull, Warwick and INDEPTH.
Collaborator Contribution Research publications, research exchange (PhD researcher, post-doctoral researcher), research training workshops for early career researchers , contributed to writing research proposals, facilitated meetings with policy makers and stakeholders in Brazil and India, invited research team to international workshops and scientific panel and sustained research collaboration beyond the life of the project. The research team engaged successfully throughout the project which resulted in sharing interdisciplinary expertise, quantitative data analyses, strengthening capacity and accomplishing the outputs. The comparative analyses of the Brazilian and Indian datasets demonstrated evidence of new dimensions of inequalities in healthcare addressing different indicators at individual and health systems level. The levels of inequalities associated with health care indicators varied between Brazil and India and the gradients were found sensitive to level dependence. The project has been successful in establishing an interdisciplinary international research network engaging early, mid-career and senior researchers from Brazil, India and the UK. The team actively contributed and benefited throughout the project in knowledge transfer, scientific discussions, quantitative data analyses and strengthening research capacity. The network focused its efforts on strengthening quantitative research skills by engaging early career researchers in research training and providing opportunities to lead research papers.
Impact The collaboration is multi-disciplinary engaging demographers, social statisticians, health economists, epidemiologists, sociologists and statisticians. The partnership was instrumental in producing a benefits, mostly academic, social and cultural. 1. Project inception workshop, UFMG, Brazil, 28 June-2 July 2010 2. Collaborative Research Training "Health Inequalities: Measures and Models", Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 8-10, 2011 3. International seminar and dissemination event "Understanding health inequalities in Brazil and India: Measurement, Evidence and Policy", Institute for Social & Economic Change, Bangalore, January 8-14, 2011 4. Joint research article: Viegas Andrade M, Noronha K, Singh A, Rodrigues CG, Padmadas SS. (2012). Antenatal care use in Brazil and India: scale, outreach and socioeconomic inequality. Health and Place, 18(5):942-950. 5. Joint research article: Singh A, Padmadas SS, Mishra US, Pallikadavath S, Johnson FA, Matthews Z. (2012). Socio-economic inequalities in the use of postnatal care in India. PLoS One, 7(5):e37037. 6. Joint research article: Channon AA, Andrade MV, Noronha K, Leone T, Dilip TR. (2014). Inpatient care of the elderly in Brazil and India: assessing social inequalities. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12):2394-2402. 7. Joint research article: Leone T, James KS, Padmadas SS. (2013). The burden of maternal health care expenditure in India: multilevel analysis of national data. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(9):1622-1630. 8. Prof. Eduardo Rios-Neto (Co-I) and Prof. K.S. James (Co-I) successful in leading a new International Union for Scientific Study on Population Scientific Panel 'New Challenges in Population and Development'. 9. The partnership between UK and India was able to develop a successful research network proposal for the ANR/DFG/ESRC/ICSSR/NWO India-Europe Collaborative Research grant "Ageing and wellbeing in a globalizing world (ES/K005979/1). 10. The partnership between UK and India was able to follow-up on ESRC project and generate a successful Leverhulme Trust Fellowship led by Dr. Pallikadavath and Dr, Singh. 11. Research exchange visits: Prof. Andre Caetano (co-Investigator) and Ms. Luciana Luz (PhD researcher spent 6 months in Southampton) jointly supervised by Caetano and Padmadas 12. Joint research proposal submitted to ESRC "Emerging Middle Class, New Inequalities? Demographic Convergence, Social Change and Health Risk Behaviours in Brazil, India, China and South Africa" (unsuccessful) 13. Field study (health institution visits) in India and Brazil to triangulate quantitative evidence from cross-sectional data with qualitative evidence: Brazil (Maternidade (maternity services) Odete Valadares; Posto de Saúde (Health Post) São José Operário and Granja de Freitas region in Minas Gerais); and in India (Belaku Trust NGO engaged in community health interventions involving auxiliary nurse-midwives; primary health centre and a secondary-level sub-district hospital in Kanakapura Taluk of Karnataka) facilitated policy-oriented research discussions with health officials and local administrators, addressing wide ranging issues related to health care inequalities and on the extent of service coverage and healthcare use amongst the poorest-poor under the SUS and NRHM. Specifically the implementation of the new Mother-Child Tracking system in India under the Accredited Social Health Activists Scheme of the NRHM reviewed, identifying its strengths and weaknesses including the implications for the marginalised households.
Start Year 2010
 
Description Brazil-India-UK research network on health inequalities 
Organisation London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London)
Department Department of Social Policy
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The project was successful in facilitating multidisciplinary research collaboration engaging researchers from the UK, Brazil, India and Portugal. The collaboration was instrumental in generating high quality research outputs which contributed to wider academic and social impact. The project coordinated dissemination and impact events in Brazil, India and the UK, enabled leadership to forming a new Scientific Panel for the International Union for Scientific Studies on Population, facilitated successful research exchange between India and the UK, UFMG and Southampton, UFMG and Portsmouth, India and Portsmouth, UFMG and LSE, UFMG and Institute for Social and Economic Change (India). The collaboration contributed significantly to analysing large-scale cross-sectional data from India and Brazil, produced 2 research reports and 6 research papers of which 4 were published in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, the collaboration was able to develop 4 research proposals, of which two were successful. The partnership expanded its research activities to include: José G. Dias (ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon) who contributed to research training workshops on the measurement of health care inequalities; invited Population Research Centre of the University of Groningen to develop a joint research council funded India-Europe research network proposal and the Poverty and Sexual and Reproductive Health Network involving researchers from LSE, Loughborough, Hull, Warwick and INDEPTH.
Collaborator Contribution Research publications, research exchange (PhD researcher, post-doctoral researcher), research training workshops for early career researchers , contributed to writing research proposals, facilitated meetings with policy makers and stakeholders in Brazil and India, invited research team to international workshops and scientific panel and sustained research collaboration beyond the life of the project. The research team engaged successfully throughout the project which resulted in sharing interdisciplinary expertise, quantitative data analyses, strengthening capacity and accomplishing the outputs. The comparative analyses of the Brazilian and Indian datasets demonstrated evidence of new dimensions of inequalities in healthcare addressing different indicators at individual and health systems level. The levels of inequalities associated with health care indicators varied between Brazil and India and the gradients were found sensitive to level dependence. The project has been successful in establishing an interdisciplinary international research network engaging early, mid-career and senior researchers from Brazil, India and the UK. The team actively contributed and benefited throughout the project in knowledge transfer, scientific discussions, quantitative data analyses and strengthening research capacity. The network focused its efforts on strengthening quantitative research skills by engaging early career researchers in research training and providing opportunities to lead research papers.
Impact The collaboration is multi-disciplinary engaging demographers, social statisticians, health economists, epidemiologists, sociologists and statisticians. The partnership was instrumental in producing a benefits, mostly academic, social and cultural. 1. Project inception workshop, UFMG, Brazil, 28 June-2 July 2010 2. Collaborative Research Training "Health Inequalities: Measures and Models", Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 8-10, 2011 3. International seminar and dissemination event "Understanding health inequalities in Brazil and India: Measurement, Evidence and Policy", Institute for Social & Economic Change, Bangalore, January 8-14, 2011 4. Joint research article: Viegas Andrade M, Noronha K, Singh A, Rodrigues CG, Padmadas SS. (2012). Antenatal care use in Brazil and India: scale, outreach and socioeconomic inequality. Health and Place, 18(5):942-950. 5. Joint research article: Singh A, Padmadas SS, Mishra US, Pallikadavath S, Johnson FA, Matthews Z. (2012). Socio-economic inequalities in the use of postnatal care in India. PLoS One, 7(5):e37037. 6. Joint research article: Channon AA, Andrade MV, Noronha K, Leone T, Dilip TR. (2014). Inpatient care of the elderly in Brazil and India: assessing social inequalities. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12):2394-2402. 7. Joint research article: Leone T, James KS, Padmadas SS. (2013). The burden of maternal health care expenditure in India: multilevel analysis of national data. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(9):1622-1630. 8. Prof. Eduardo Rios-Neto (Co-I) and Prof. K.S. James (Co-I) successful in leading a new International Union for Scientific Study on Population Scientific Panel 'New Challenges in Population and Development'. 9. The partnership between UK and India was able to develop a successful research network proposal for the ANR/DFG/ESRC/ICSSR/NWO India-Europe Collaborative Research grant "Ageing and wellbeing in a globalizing world (ES/K005979/1). 10. The partnership between UK and India was able to follow-up on ESRC project and generate a successful Leverhulme Trust Fellowship led by Dr. Pallikadavath and Dr, Singh. 11. Research exchange visits: Prof. Andre Caetano (co-Investigator) and Ms. Luciana Luz (PhD researcher spent 6 months in Southampton) jointly supervised by Caetano and Padmadas 12. Joint research proposal submitted to ESRC "Emerging Middle Class, New Inequalities? Demographic Convergence, Social Change and Health Risk Behaviours in Brazil, India, China and South Africa" (unsuccessful) 13. Field study (health institution visits) in India and Brazil to triangulate quantitative evidence from cross-sectional data with qualitative evidence: Brazil (Maternidade (maternity services) Odete Valadares; Posto de Saúde (Health Post) São José Operário and Granja de Freitas region in Minas Gerais); and in India (Belaku Trust NGO engaged in community health interventions involving auxiliary nurse-midwives; primary health centre and a secondary-level sub-district hospital in Kanakapura Taluk of Karnataka) facilitated policy-oriented research discussions with health officials and local administrators, addressing wide ranging issues related to health care inequalities and on the extent of service coverage and healthcare use amongst the poorest-poor under the SUS and NRHM. Specifically the implementation of the new Mother-Child Tracking system in India under the Accredited Social Health Activists Scheme of the NRHM reviewed, identifying its strengths and weaknesses including the implications for the marginalised households.
Start Year 2010
 
Description Brazil-India-UK research network on health inequalities 
Organisation Population Research Centre (PRC)
Country India 
Sector Learned Society 
PI Contribution The project was successful in facilitating multidisciplinary research collaboration engaging researchers from the UK, Brazil, India and Portugal. The collaboration was instrumental in generating high quality research outputs which contributed to wider academic and social impact. The project coordinated dissemination and impact events in Brazil, India and the UK, enabled leadership to forming a new Scientific Panel for the International Union for Scientific Studies on Population, facilitated successful research exchange between India and the UK, UFMG and Southampton, UFMG and Portsmouth, India and Portsmouth, UFMG and LSE, UFMG and Institute for Social and Economic Change (India). The collaboration contributed significantly to analysing large-scale cross-sectional data from India and Brazil, produced 2 research reports and 6 research papers of which 4 were published in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, the collaboration was able to develop 4 research proposals, of which two were successful. The partnership expanded its research activities to include: José G. Dias (ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon) who contributed to research training workshops on the measurement of health care inequalities; invited Population Research Centre of the University of Groningen to develop a joint research council funded India-Europe research network proposal and the Poverty and Sexual and Reproductive Health Network involving researchers from LSE, Loughborough, Hull, Warwick and INDEPTH.
Collaborator Contribution Research publications, research exchange (PhD researcher, post-doctoral researcher), research training workshops for early career researchers , contributed to writing research proposals, facilitated meetings with policy makers and stakeholders in Brazil and India, invited research team to international workshops and scientific panel and sustained research collaboration beyond the life of the project. The research team engaged successfully throughout the project which resulted in sharing interdisciplinary expertise, quantitative data analyses, strengthening capacity and accomplishing the outputs. The comparative analyses of the Brazilian and Indian datasets demonstrated evidence of new dimensions of inequalities in healthcare addressing different indicators at individual and health systems level. The levels of inequalities associated with health care indicators varied between Brazil and India and the gradients were found sensitive to level dependence. The project has been successful in establishing an interdisciplinary international research network engaging early, mid-career and senior researchers from Brazil, India and the UK. The team actively contributed and benefited throughout the project in knowledge transfer, scientific discussions, quantitative data analyses and strengthening research capacity. The network focused its efforts on strengthening quantitative research skills by engaging early career researchers in research training and providing opportunities to lead research papers.
Impact The collaboration is multi-disciplinary engaging demographers, social statisticians, health economists, epidemiologists, sociologists and statisticians. The partnership was instrumental in producing a benefits, mostly academic, social and cultural. 1. Project inception workshop, UFMG, Brazil, 28 June-2 July 2010 2. Collaborative Research Training "Health Inequalities: Measures and Models", Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 8-10, 2011 3. International seminar and dissemination event "Understanding health inequalities in Brazil and India: Measurement, Evidence and Policy", Institute for Social & Economic Change, Bangalore, January 8-14, 2011 4. Joint research article: Viegas Andrade M, Noronha K, Singh A, Rodrigues CG, Padmadas SS. (2012). Antenatal care use in Brazil and India: scale, outreach and socioeconomic inequality. Health and Place, 18(5):942-950. 5. Joint research article: Singh A, Padmadas SS, Mishra US, Pallikadavath S, Johnson FA, Matthews Z. (2012). Socio-economic inequalities in the use of postnatal care in India. PLoS One, 7(5):e37037. 6. Joint research article: Channon AA, Andrade MV, Noronha K, Leone T, Dilip TR. (2014). Inpatient care of the elderly in Brazil and India: assessing social inequalities. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12):2394-2402. 7. Joint research article: Leone T, James KS, Padmadas SS. (2013). The burden of maternal health care expenditure in India: multilevel analysis of national data. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(9):1622-1630. 8. Prof. Eduardo Rios-Neto (Co-I) and Prof. K.S. James (Co-I) successful in leading a new International Union for Scientific Study on Population Scientific Panel 'New Challenges in Population and Development'. 9. The partnership between UK and India was able to develop a successful research network proposal for the ANR/DFG/ESRC/ICSSR/NWO India-Europe Collaborative Research grant "Ageing and wellbeing in a globalizing world (ES/K005979/1). 10. The partnership between UK and India was able to follow-up on ESRC project and generate a successful Leverhulme Trust Fellowship led by Dr. Pallikadavath and Dr, Singh. 11. Research exchange visits: Prof. Andre Caetano (co-Investigator) and Ms. Luciana Luz (PhD researcher spent 6 months in Southampton) jointly supervised by Caetano and Padmadas 12. Joint research proposal submitted to ESRC "Emerging Middle Class, New Inequalities? Demographic Convergence, Social Change and Health Risk Behaviours in Brazil, India, China and South Africa" (unsuccessful) 13. Field study (health institution visits) in India and Brazil to triangulate quantitative evidence from cross-sectional data with qualitative evidence: Brazil (Maternidade (maternity services) Odete Valadares; Posto de Saúde (Health Post) São José Operário and Granja de Freitas region in Minas Gerais); and in India (Belaku Trust NGO engaged in community health interventions involving auxiliary nurse-midwives; primary health centre and a secondary-level sub-district hospital in Kanakapura Taluk of Karnataka) facilitated policy-oriented research discussions with health officials and local administrators, addressing wide ranging issues related to health care inequalities and on the extent of service coverage and healthcare use amongst the poorest-poor under the SUS and NRHM. Specifically the implementation of the new Mother-Child Tracking system in India under the Accredited Social Health Activists Scheme of the NRHM reviewed, identifying its strengths and weaknesses including the implications for the marginalised households.
Start Year 2010
 
Description Brazil-India-UK research network on health inequalities 
Organisation Public Health Foundation of India
Country India 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The project was successful in facilitating multidisciplinary research collaboration engaging researchers from the UK, Brazil, India and Portugal. The collaboration was instrumental in generating high quality research outputs which contributed to wider academic and social impact. The project coordinated dissemination and impact events in Brazil, India and the UK, enabled leadership to forming a new Scientific Panel for the International Union for Scientific Studies on Population, facilitated successful research exchange between India and the UK, UFMG and Southampton, UFMG and Portsmouth, India and Portsmouth, UFMG and LSE, UFMG and Institute for Social and Economic Change (India). The collaboration contributed significantly to analysing large-scale cross-sectional data from India and Brazil, produced 2 research reports and 6 research papers of which 4 were published in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, the collaboration was able to develop 4 research proposals, of which two were successful. The partnership expanded its research activities to include: José G. Dias (ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon) who contributed to research training workshops on the measurement of health care inequalities; invited Population Research Centre of the University of Groningen to develop a joint research council funded India-Europe research network proposal and the Poverty and Sexual and Reproductive Health Network involving researchers from LSE, Loughborough, Hull, Warwick and INDEPTH.
Collaborator Contribution Research publications, research exchange (PhD researcher, post-doctoral researcher), research training workshops for early career researchers , contributed to writing research proposals, facilitated meetings with policy makers and stakeholders in Brazil and India, invited research team to international workshops and scientific panel and sustained research collaboration beyond the life of the project. The research team engaged successfully throughout the project which resulted in sharing interdisciplinary expertise, quantitative data analyses, strengthening capacity and accomplishing the outputs. The comparative analyses of the Brazilian and Indian datasets demonstrated evidence of new dimensions of inequalities in healthcare addressing different indicators at individual and health systems level. The levels of inequalities associated with health care indicators varied between Brazil and India and the gradients were found sensitive to level dependence. The project has been successful in establishing an interdisciplinary international research network engaging early, mid-career and senior researchers from Brazil, India and the UK. The team actively contributed and benefited throughout the project in knowledge transfer, scientific discussions, quantitative data analyses and strengthening research capacity. The network focused its efforts on strengthening quantitative research skills by engaging early career researchers in research training and providing opportunities to lead research papers.
Impact The collaboration is multi-disciplinary engaging demographers, social statisticians, health economists, epidemiologists, sociologists and statisticians. The partnership was instrumental in producing a benefits, mostly academic, social and cultural. 1. Project inception workshop, UFMG, Brazil, 28 June-2 July 2010 2. Collaborative Research Training "Health Inequalities: Measures and Models", Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 8-10, 2011 3. International seminar and dissemination event "Understanding health inequalities in Brazil and India: Measurement, Evidence and Policy", Institute for Social & Economic Change, Bangalore, January 8-14, 2011 4. Joint research article: Viegas Andrade M, Noronha K, Singh A, Rodrigues CG, Padmadas SS. (2012). Antenatal care use in Brazil and India: scale, outreach and socioeconomic inequality. Health and Place, 18(5):942-950. 5. Joint research article: Singh A, Padmadas SS, Mishra US, Pallikadavath S, Johnson FA, Matthews Z. (2012). Socio-economic inequalities in the use of postnatal care in India. PLoS One, 7(5):e37037. 6. Joint research article: Channon AA, Andrade MV, Noronha K, Leone T, Dilip TR. (2014). Inpatient care of the elderly in Brazil and India: assessing social inequalities. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12):2394-2402. 7. Joint research article: Leone T, James KS, Padmadas SS. (2013). The burden of maternal health care expenditure in India: multilevel analysis of national data. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(9):1622-1630. 8. Prof. Eduardo Rios-Neto (Co-I) and Prof. K.S. James (Co-I) successful in leading a new International Union for Scientific Study on Population Scientific Panel 'New Challenges in Population and Development'. 9. The partnership between UK and India was able to develop a successful research network proposal for the ANR/DFG/ESRC/ICSSR/NWO India-Europe Collaborative Research grant "Ageing and wellbeing in a globalizing world (ES/K005979/1). 10. The partnership between UK and India was able to follow-up on ESRC project and generate a successful Leverhulme Trust Fellowship led by Dr. Pallikadavath and Dr, Singh. 11. Research exchange visits: Prof. Andre Caetano (co-Investigator) and Ms. Luciana Luz (PhD researcher spent 6 months in Southampton) jointly supervised by Caetano and Padmadas 12. Joint research proposal submitted to ESRC "Emerging Middle Class, New Inequalities? Demographic Convergence, Social Change and Health Risk Behaviours in Brazil, India, China and South Africa" (unsuccessful) 13. Field study (health institution visits) in India and Brazil to triangulate quantitative evidence from cross-sectional data with qualitative evidence: Brazil (Maternidade (maternity services) Odete Valadares; Posto de Saúde (Health Post) São José Operário and Granja de Freitas region in Minas Gerais); and in India (Belaku Trust NGO engaged in community health interventions involving auxiliary nurse-midwives; primary health centre and a secondary-level sub-district hospital in Kanakapura Taluk of Karnataka) facilitated policy-oriented research discussions with health officials and local administrators, addressing wide ranging issues related to health care inequalities and on the extent of service coverage and healthcare use amongst the poorest-poor under the SUS and NRHM. Specifically the implementation of the new Mother-Child Tracking system in India under the Accredited Social Health Activists Scheme of the NRHM reviewed, identifying its strengths and weaknesses including the implications for the marginalised households.
Start Year 2010
 
Description Brazil-India-UK research network on health inequalities 
Organisation University of Portsmouth
Department School of Health Sciences and Social Work
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The project was successful in facilitating multidisciplinary research collaboration engaging researchers from the UK, Brazil, India and Portugal. The collaboration was instrumental in generating high quality research outputs which contributed to wider academic and social impact. The project coordinated dissemination and impact events in Brazil, India and the UK, enabled leadership to forming a new Scientific Panel for the International Union for Scientific Studies on Population, facilitated successful research exchange between India and the UK, UFMG and Southampton, UFMG and Portsmouth, India and Portsmouth, UFMG and LSE, UFMG and Institute for Social and Economic Change (India). The collaboration contributed significantly to analysing large-scale cross-sectional data from India and Brazil, produced 2 research reports and 6 research papers of which 4 were published in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, the collaboration was able to develop 4 research proposals, of which two were successful. The partnership expanded its research activities to include: José G. Dias (ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon) who contributed to research training workshops on the measurement of health care inequalities; invited Population Research Centre of the University of Groningen to develop a joint research council funded India-Europe research network proposal and the Poverty and Sexual and Reproductive Health Network involving researchers from LSE, Loughborough, Hull, Warwick and INDEPTH.
Collaborator Contribution Research publications, research exchange (PhD researcher, post-doctoral researcher), research training workshops for early career researchers , contributed to writing research proposals, facilitated meetings with policy makers and stakeholders in Brazil and India, invited research team to international workshops and scientific panel and sustained research collaboration beyond the life of the project. The research team engaged successfully throughout the project which resulted in sharing interdisciplinary expertise, quantitative data analyses, strengthening capacity and accomplishing the outputs. The comparative analyses of the Brazilian and Indian datasets demonstrated evidence of new dimensions of inequalities in healthcare addressing different indicators at individual and health systems level. The levels of inequalities associated with health care indicators varied between Brazil and India and the gradients were found sensitive to level dependence. The project has been successful in establishing an interdisciplinary international research network engaging early, mid-career and senior researchers from Brazil, India and the UK. The team actively contributed and benefited throughout the project in knowledge transfer, scientific discussions, quantitative data analyses and strengthening research capacity. The network focused its efforts on strengthening quantitative research skills by engaging early career researchers in research training and providing opportunities to lead research papers.
Impact The collaboration is multi-disciplinary engaging demographers, social statisticians, health economists, epidemiologists, sociologists and statisticians. The partnership was instrumental in producing a benefits, mostly academic, social and cultural. 1. Project inception workshop, UFMG, Brazil, 28 June-2 July 2010 2. Collaborative Research Training "Health Inequalities: Measures and Models", Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 8-10, 2011 3. International seminar and dissemination event "Understanding health inequalities in Brazil and India: Measurement, Evidence and Policy", Institute for Social & Economic Change, Bangalore, January 8-14, 2011 4. Joint research article: Viegas Andrade M, Noronha K, Singh A, Rodrigues CG, Padmadas SS. (2012). Antenatal care use in Brazil and India: scale, outreach and socioeconomic inequality. Health and Place, 18(5):942-950. 5. Joint research article: Singh A, Padmadas SS, Mishra US, Pallikadavath S, Johnson FA, Matthews Z. (2012). Socio-economic inequalities in the use of postnatal care in India. PLoS One, 7(5):e37037. 6. Joint research article: Channon AA, Andrade MV, Noronha K, Leone T, Dilip TR. (2014). Inpatient care of the elderly in Brazil and India: assessing social inequalities. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12):2394-2402. 7. Joint research article: Leone T, James KS, Padmadas SS. (2013). The burden of maternal health care expenditure in India: multilevel analysis of national data. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(9):1622-1630. 8. Prof. Eduardo Rios-Neto (Co-I) and Prof. K.S. James (Co-I) successful in leading a new International Union for Scientific Study on Population Scientific Panel 'New Challenges in Population and Development'. 9. The partnership between UK and India was able to develop a successful research network proposal for the ANR/DFG/ESRC/ICSSR/NWO India-Europe Collaborative Research grant "Ageing and wellbeing in a globalizing world (ES/K005979/1). 10. The partnership between UK and India was able to follow-up on ESRC project and generate a successful Leverhulme Trust Fellowship led by Dr. Pallikadavath and Dr, Singh. 11. Research exchange visits: Prof. Andre Caetano (co-Investigator) and Ms. Luciana Luz (PhD researcher spent 6 months in Southampton) jointly supervised by Caetano and Padmadas 12. Joint research proposal submitted to ESRC "Emerging Middle Class, New Inequalities? Demographic Convergence, Social Change and Health Risk Behaviours in Brazil, India, China and South Africa" (unsuccessful) 13. Field study (health institution visits) in India and Brazil to triangulate quantitative evidence from cross-sectional data with qualitative evidence: Brazil (Maternidade (maternity services) Odete Valadares; Posto de Saúde (Health Post) São José Operário and Granja de Freitas region in Minas Gerais); and in India (Belaku Trust NGO engaged in community health interventions involving auxiliary nurse-midwives; primary health centre and a secondary-level sub-district hospital in Kanakapura Taluk of Karnataka) facilitated policy-oriented research discussions with health officials and local administrators, addressing wide ranging issues related to health care inequalities and on the extent of service coverage and healthcare use amongst the poorest-poor under the SUS and NRHM. Specifically the implementation of the new Mother-Child Tracking system in India under the Accredited Social Health Activists Scheme of the NRHM reviewed, identifying its strengths and weaknesses including the implications for the marginalised households.
Start Year 2010