Bionetworking in Asia - International collaboration, exchange, and responsible innovation in the life sciences

Lead Research Organisation: University of Sussex
Department Name: Sch of Global Studies

Abstract

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description 'Bionetworking in Asia' has three main objectives: First, the development of a theoretical framework for 'bionetworking' to capture the managerial, cognitive, infrastructural, experimental and exchange activities and strategies that make (up) knowledge about life, health, and medicine. Bionetworking involves the tracing, mapping, and explaining of decisions that have led to particular kinds of collaborative research, investment, IPR, clinical trials, experimentation, standards, values and effects of the production and products of biotechnology, including both elements of co-operation and competition (Sleeboom-Faulkner 2014); Second, to explore bionetworking in transnational and national collaborations in regenerative medicine and biobanking using fieldwork methods of participant observation/backward mapping, archival research and interviews; and, Third, to gain insights into patient needs and the extent to which advanced biomedicine can cater to them through workshops and roundtables, having developed the method of Criteria and Option Generation Deliberative Workshops (COG-DW) and public debate (building on Andy Stirling's Multi-Criteria Mapping).

Our main findings concern:
1. Scientific and ethical stem cell applications: Our bionetworking approach used in field research in India, Malaysia Thailand, South Korea, China and Japan corrects common views that stem cell therapies are either 'scientific and ethical' or 'rogue and unethical': between these two extremes there is a very large grey area of stem cell therapy provision, where distinctions between scientific from non-scientific, and ethical from unethical are widely disputed (Sleeboom-Faulkner 2014, 2016; Ely and Sleeboom-Faulkner; Sleeboom-Faulkner UR)
2. Regulatory issues: A common notion has it that 'the East' and 'less developed countries' are homes to inferior medical services. Our research, mapping transnational collaborations, however, shows that the traffic of 'stem cell tourism' goes both ways: providers of 'unproven therapies' in Germany attract medical tourism from Thailand (Chaisinthop and Rosemann; Rosemann, UR); and therapy centres in Japan attracted patients from South Korea (Sleeboom-Faulkner, UR). Furthermore, the fact that some countries develop 'therapy products' does not reflect permissive cultures, but different modes of regulatory regimes. Frequently, it is the regulatory set up in a country that shapes these patient flows and research (Sleeboom-Faulkner 2013, 2016; Sleeboom and Patra; Huang; Huang and Sleeboom-Faulkner; Sleeboom; Rosemann 2013, under review; Sleeboom-Faulkner and Heitmeyer; Chaisinthop; Kato and Sleeboom-Faulkner; Sleeboom-Faulkner).
3. Stem cell banking: Umbilical cord blood banking in private banks has often been regarded as fraudulent. Our research nuances this view by mapping and analyzing the actual infrastructures, strategic networks and use of public and private umbilical cord banks (Chang and Sleeboom-Faulkner; Sleeboom-Faulkner 2016; Sui 2015; Sleeboom-Faulkner and Heitmeyer; Patra 2016; Patra Sleeboom-Faulkner; Sleeboom-Faulkner).
4. Patient needs: Roundtable Debates in South Korea (May 2014), Bangalore (September 2013) and Beijing (March 2014) and New Delhi (July 2014) and COG-DW concerning patient needs and the extent to which stem cell research caters to these needs shows great variety in the kinds of expectations patients have from regenerative medicine, and that an 'ethics of return' for investment in stem cell technology in the form of therapy is becoming an important public issue (Sleeboom-Faulkner, Heitmeyer and Patra). (Seoul Roundtable: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/newsandevents/?id=25081; Beijing Roundtable: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/anthropology/newsandevents/?id=24184)
Exploitation Route 1) Our research shows that effective harmonisation of research regulations can only work by taking into account the position of 'rogue' stem cell researchers that are inadequately equipped, but 'hamper' scientific progress. The PI will lead a position paper with stakeholders, to be used in the revision of current research guidelines (December 2016);
2) The PI will organize a joint article with patient groups and the role of science in catering these from a global perspective. Meetings have already resulted in a report (see: http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Report-International-Workshop-in-Brighton.pdf ) and policy-briefings (see http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/educational-resources/briefings/ ).
3) The research led to new insights into the interdisciplinarity of regenerative medicine, linking stem cell science with the booming field of genomics research. The notion of bionetworking and the insights outlined above form the basis of new research projects: (a) bionetworking practices and the framework of choice in new reproductive technologies (Sleeboom-Faulkner); (b) Bionetworking and needs of children with muscular dystrophy (Chang); (c) The views of patients with different conditions on the role of advanced medicine (Kato); (d) Other researchers can adopt the bionetworking approach (e.g, the Portuguese Research Council has funded "bionetworking and citizenship in gamete donation"(Susana da Silva).
Sectors Healthcare,Government, Democracy and Justice,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology

URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org
 
Description 1. Policy and public - patients and stem cell science Our research regarding patients with muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injury, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus shows that high-tech approaches are crucial only to some patients in particular cultural and socio-economic environments (Sleeboom-Faulkner et al 2016; Heitmeyer et al 2016; Kato - under review). This insight resulted from research using the interview methodology of Criteria Option Generation (COG), enabling interviewees to reflect upon and develop their own views on patient needs and stem cell science, attached to deliberative workshops (COG-DW) - patients from different disease backgrounds, ethicists, medical professionals and scientists debated funding distribution, regulation and therapy provision in deliberative workshops (http://www.sussex.ac.uk/internal/bulletin/staff/2013-14/111013/stemcellresearch). Insights from these workshops were carried on to a higher profile roundtable debate (http://www.sussex.ac.uk/staff/newsandevents/?id=25466; http://www.ris.org.in/round-table-governance-regenerative-medicine-and-patients'-needs-india), (in India, for example, with members from the ICMR, Stempeutics, Neurogen, Indian Institute of Science, a patient activist, and the head of the Muscular Dystrophy Foundation of India), upon which basis we created a consensus policy-briefings (http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Policy-Briefing-India.pdf). We used similar methods in Beijing, China and in Seoul, South Korea. 2. UCB banking and policy advising The banking of umbilical cord blood (UCB) has surged globally, especially in Asia. Many discussions have taken place on the pros and cons of private and public umbilical cord blood banking, where private UCB banking has been rejected in many European countries, as the stored samples would be used inefficiently. On the basis of research into the donation, storage and exchange of umbilical cord blood in India, Japan, Taiwan and China (Chang & Sleeboom-Faulkner, special issue in New Genetics and Society, 2016), we found that public UCB banking is simply too expensive in some countries, where new forms of umbilical cord banking have come about (Chang 2015: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/biosoc/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/biosoc201529a.html; http://www.ppssc.com.tw/file/Oral%20Session.pdf). Team member Dr Hung-Chieh Chang describes this as 'hybrid banking' in Nature (http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v32/n4/full/nbt.2866.html), insights that have caught the attention of the Shanghai Cord Blood Bank, where Chang has been invited to discuss her work and conduct further research (which is in the stage of being written up). The UCB research of team member, Dr Suli Sui, Peking Union Medical College has been conducive to new ethics regulation in China, about which she has been interviewed by the press and TV in China (http://www.aiweibang.com/yuedu/5126303.html). Furthermore, Rosemann, Nattaka Chaisinthop and Sleeboom-Faulkner served as consultants on the ethics of cell therapies for various projects (http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/What-is-Fresh-Cell-Therapy.pdf; http://fyy.sdfyy.cn/Main/NewsView_B255_A8345.html). 3. International regulation and stem cell research The challenges of regulating 'stem cell tourism' in the UK and Asia were discussed at a public event with private sector representatives, scientists, lawyers and researchers in 2013 (http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/news-and-events/regulating-stem-cell-tourism-in-the-uk-and-asia-how-do-we-move-forward-together/). Research on how 'international' regulation (e.g., that of the ISSCR and NIH) impacts and plays out in different countries led to the insight that between bona fide research and 'snake oil research' there exists a massive 'grey area', about which there is very little agreement even among reputed scientists (Sleeboom-Faulkner et al, 2016: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/social-science-and-medicine/open-access-articles/; Sleeboom-Faulkner, 2016). Our three special issues on cord blood banking, regulatory values, global stem cell ethics, and biomedical platforms and bionetworking (Chang & Sleeboom-Faulkner 2016; Heitmeyer & Chekar 2017; Rosemann 2017) underpinned an international debate in Sussex on 'The Grey Area Between Bona Fide and Rogue Stem Cell Science' with 6 internationally well-known scientists (Geeta Shroff, Alok Sharma, Hongyun Huang, Paolo Bianco, Kamthorn Pruksananonda and Willem Fibbe) (http://www.sussex.ac.uk/staff/newsandevents/?id=27655; http://www.eurostemcell.org/story/centre-bionetworking-organises-international-conference-'global-life-science-and-bionetworking, as well as website debate: http://tinyurl.com/bionetworking). While publishing steps towards more practicable regulation on the basis of 'annotated consensus', Sleeboom-Faulkner has participated in deliberation on 'Towards consensus on marketing and regulation of emerging and unproven stem cell treatments' in December 2015 (Brocher Foundation) establishing a declaration on 'Marketing and Delivery of Unproven Stem Cell-Based Interventions: A Call to Action'). 4. Patient organisations and knowledge activism Our research with patient organisations in Asia, especially patient organisations for muscular dystrophy and spinal cord injury, has led us to the realisation that there is much prejudice among patient organisations, notably the international groups based in wealthy countries, about how patient organisations need to support patients, carers and their families, and how they go about their activities in relation to the search for therapy/cures, collaboration with medical professionals and scientists, and 'knowledge activism' (Sleeboom-Faulkner; Heitmeyer, under review). This has led to an international workshop on 'Patient Organisation Activism Around the World' (18-19 May 2015, report: http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Report-International-Workshop-in-Brighton.pdf), after which patient organisations started using the outcomes of this workshop in their activities. We are in the process of writing a publication together, and expect to have impact on patients' attitudes towards stem cell therapy and stem cell tourism.
First Year Of Impact 2013
Sector Education,Healthcare,Government, Democracy and Justice
Impact Types Cultural,Societal,Policy & public services

 
Description Collaborated with Research and Information System in Developing Countries (RIS), New Delhi and Department of East Asian Studies, University of Delhi to organize a roundtable discussion on 'Governance of Regenerative Medicine and Patients' Needs in India' 
Organisation University of Delhi
Department RIS, New Delhi and East Asian Studies Department
Country India 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The Centre for Bionetworking acted as the primary organiser and, together with the partnering organisations, came up with the conceptual rationale and format for the event. All three partners worked together in selecting participants and coordinating the logistical details (venue, publicity, transport for participants, etc).
Collaborator Contribution See above.
Impact Policy briefing mentioned above.
Start Year 2014
 
Description Collaboration with Bioon, Bio-Events, China to organise the Roundtable 
Organisation Beijing Institute of Oriental Life Research and Bioon
Country China 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaboration with Bioon, Bio-Events, China to organise the Roundtable
Collaborator Contribution Collaboration with Bioon, Bio-Events, China to organise the Roundtable
Impact Sand drawing, audio recording of Roundtable
Start Year 2014
 
Description Collaboration with Peking Union Medical College, beijing 
Organisation Peking Union Medical College
Country China 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Suli Sui and Xinqing Zhang have been conducting research into the regulation of biobanking and stem cell therapy provision in China. They are co-organisers in the Mini-Workshop and the Roundtable
Collaborator Contribution They are co-organisers in the Mini-Workshop and the Roundtable
Impact report: mini workshop, report: roundtable
Start Year 2013
 
Description Collaboration with SOCHARA to organise deliberative workshop on 'Stem Cell Research and Patient Needs in India' (October 5th, 2013 in Bangalore, India) 
Organisation Society for Community Health Awareness Research and Action (SOCHARA)
Country India 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Our research team initiated the collaboration along with the research design and structure
Collaborator Contribution The collaborating partner organisation provided input on the research design and the participants to be invited as well as contributed to the organisational logistics for the event
Impact Deliberative workshop on 'Stem cell research and patient needs in India' held on October 5th, 2013 in Bangalore India
Start Year 2013
 
Description Roundtable on Patient Needs in Beijing 
Organisation Beijing Institute of Oriental Life Research and Bioon
Country China 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The interactive public event was organised by the Centre for Bionetworking and the Xiannongtan Residential Community in collaboration with the Beijing Institute of Oriental Life Research and Bioon, Bio-Events, China
Collaborator Contribution The Beijing Institute of Oriental Bioculture was involved in many brainstorming preparation meetings and helped us to invite scholars, practitioners and patients. They also contributed to formulating the topics of the event. The Bioon helped us to disseminate the information, before, during and after the event. They also helped us to prepare the booklet and invite scholars in the field of stem cell research.
Impact This event brought together patients, stem cell researchers, medical professionals and regulators to talk about patient needs, discussing the potential usage of stem cell therapy in the future. The ground-braking roundtable on patient needs was open to the public, and it put 'patient needs' at the centre of the discussion on stem cell therapies as one solution among many. About 60 participants attended this event. We disseminated the information on the Internet, with the help from Bioon.
Start Year 2014
 
Description collaborative relationship with the Global Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Acceleration Center 
Organisation Global Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Acceleration Centre (GSRAC)
Country Korea, Republic of 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution public debate event in collaboration with the Global Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Acceleration Center in order to facilitate the public discussion on stem cell technology and tackle the gap between patients' expectations and scientific progress on stem cell therapies by inviting both patients and scientists/clinicians in the debate.
Collaborator Contribution helped to facilitate the public discussion on stem cell technology and tackle the gap between patients' expectations and scientific progress on stem cell therapies by inviting both patients and scientists/clinicians in the debate.
Impact facilitated the public discussion on stem cell technology and tackled the gap between patients' expectations and scientific progress
Start Year 2014
 
Description 'Governing human gene drive research: challenges from a global perspective', 41st 4S Annual Meeting Barcelona, Spain, September 2, 2016. - A.Rosemann 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact (2016) 'Governing human gene drive research: challenges from a global perspective', 41st 4S Annual Meeting Barcelona, Spain, September 2, 2016.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016,2017
 
Description Asian Bioethics: 'Asia' as a platform for bioethics debate, Keynote speech, International Symposium: Comparative and Cross-cultural bioethics: Issues and methodologies, University of Otago March 2013 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Talk sparked questions and discussion afterwards

discussed regulation of stem cell research
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/UK-Japan-Stem-Cell-Workshop-Held-at...
 
Description Conference on Catastrophic Risk, Centre for the Study of Existential Risks: Title - Gene drive technology: challenges to global risk management and governance - A. Rosemann 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact (2016) 'Gene drive technology: challenges to global risk management and governance. Conference on Catastrophic Risk, Centre for the Study of Existential Risks, Clare College, Cambridge, December 14 2016.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014,2016
 
Description Conference: Global Life Science and Bionetworking -- Cell Therapy Production, Provision and Policies 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact Various panels including a high-profile expert policy panel sparked questions and much discussion

Scholars have collaborated on academic paper series and special issues relating to the the panels and discussions
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/global-life-science-bionetworking-cell-therapy-production-prov...
 
Description Deliberative workshop on Stem cell research and patient needs in India' held on October 5th, 2013 (Bangalore, India) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Participants in your research and patient groups
Results and Impact 14 stakeholders participated in the workshop where they exchanged and debated the topic of stem cell research and patient needs in India


Below are a selection from the feedback we received from participants:I definitely enjoyed the interaction we had and I know I came away with plenty to think about. Ethics, principles, mehanics aside, this is a very promising course being taken and we all know that it wont be long till the unfortunate will find an answer to their despair...I wish you well and hope to have the pleasure of meeting with all of you and hearing good news !' Thanks to all & Sussex university for conducting this Fantastic & gainful meeting . A Small hope that spinal cord injury etc. Can be cured with stem cells . This effort highly appreciated & coming forward looking for more.' Thanks for inviting me as a participant for the workshop. It was indeed a very good platform for a stimulating discussion. A well thought and conceptualized way of gathering feedback all stake holders to see the future of stem cells and their promise. Hope the outcomes of these workshop transform into getting a step closer to discover the true potential and promise, stem cells hold for patients at large. Hope this paves for good thing in future.'
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/india-workshop/
 
Description Lecture Regulation of Cell Research and Therapy: International: Standardisation and National Home-Keeping, International Cell Therapy Conference, Shanghai 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Talk sparked questions and discussion afterwards

n/a
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/2014?6?20?21??????????mBeijing.pdf
 
Description Patient Organisation Activism Around the World 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Participants in your research and patient groups
Results and Impact talk sparked questions and discussion afterwards

The various patient organisations we've worked with have been put in contact with each other to further exchange ideas and information on how they operate and what works with them in their respective countries
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/patient-organisation-activism-around-the-world/
 
Description Public Film Screening 'Stem Cell Revolutions' 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Film sparked questions and discussion afterward to an expert panel

Sparked much thought and discussion
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/stem-cell-film/
 
Description Public Lecture Series (Sussex) (ongoing, various occurrences) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Each lecture attracted around 15 students and staff to attend the public lecture with discussions


Audiences from different departments get involved in the discussion of different aspects of innovative biotechnology or therapy.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013,2014,2015
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/news-and-events/
 
Description Public Presentation: Hung-Chieh Chang (China) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact 12 scientists attended the presentation and discussion afterwards.


Gained trust from the researched audiences, and get access to the biotechnology park. Stimulate communication between science and social science.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Public debate on 'Patient needs and stem cell research' in Seoul, South Korea 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact There was a consensus among scientists, policy makers and patients that a proper information channel is much needed to provide patients with impartial and balanced information about various symptoms, diseases and remedies.

Professor Sora Park, Director of the Global Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Acceleration Center, proposed hosting a series of similar events on stem cell and regenerative medicine in the near future to cater for patients' needs for specific information about their own diseases.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/successful-public-debate-patient-needs-stem-cell-research-seou...
 
Description Public event: Regulating 'stem cell tourism' in the UK and Asia: How do we move forward together? 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact Talk sparked questions and discussion that will continue far beyond the scope of the single event.

n/a
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/news-and-events/regulating-stem-cell-tourism-in-the-uk-and-asi...
 
Description Roundtable Discussion Beijing with stem cell researchers and doctors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact talk sparked questions and discussion afterwards

n/a
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/ground-breaking-roundtable-discusses-cater-patient-needs-china...
 
Description Roundtable Discussion on 'Governance of Regenerative Medicine and Patients' Needs in India' held in New Delhi on 02 July 2014. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Around 80 people, including expert panellists and general public participated in the event.

Below are a sample of feedbacks that we received from our participants: "I have been reading a lot about stem cell research and therapy throughout my course of study. Learning its governance aspect was interesting. And I am sure the knowledge I amassed from the roundtable will help me in the future". "The idea of having different people directly connected to regenerative medicine was interesting. Scientists, doctors, patients and care takers everyone had different, contradictory yet valid take on the subject". "I am very fortunate to have participated in the event. It should not be limited to big cities. Similar programmes should be organized in smaller cities and rural areas". "We need more such programmes in India". "It was a well thought out programme that could involve all possible and important stakeholders linked to the issue".
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/centre-bionetworking-co-organises-expert-roundtable-patient-ne...
 
Description Roundtable on Patient Needs in Beijing 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Participants in your research and patient groups
Results and Impact This event brought together patients, stem cell researchers, medical professionals and regulators to talk about patient needs

During the interactive discussion, the panel and audience exchanged ideas, evaluated the similarities and the differences of their experiences, and sparked new thoughts on how to better address patient needs in new medical technologies such as stem cell research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://www.centreforbionetworking.org/ground-breaking-roundtable-discusses-cater-patient-needs-china...
 
Description Short Interview in the programme "Impact" (BBC World News) on the scientific rise of China by A. Rosemann 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact BBC World News (TV Channel). Short Interview in the programme "Impact" on the scientific rise of China
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016