Pathways: Biosocial influences on health
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Cambridge
Department Name: Geography
Abstract
Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
Publications
Read S
(2014)
Allostatic load and health in the older population of England: a crossed-lagged analysis.
in Psychosomatic medicine
Bijlsma MJ
(2017)
An Assessment and Extension of the Mechanism-Based Approach to the Identification of Age-Period-Cohort Models.
in Demography
Holmes MV
(2014)
Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data.
in BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
Holmes MV
(2014)
Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data.
in BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
Daniel RM
(2015)
Causal mediation analysis with multiple mediators.
in Biometrics
De Stavola BL
(2016)
Commentary: Incorporating concepts and methods from causal inference into life course epidemiology.
in International journal of epidemiology
Mathur R
(2014)
Completeness and usability of ethnicity data in UK-based primary care and hospital databases.
in Journal of public health (Oxford, England)
Mike Kenward (Author)
(2012)
Dealing with attrition in longitudinal data sets
| Description | We aimed to promote cross fertilisation of methodologies used in the social and biomedical sciences in order to enhance the capacity of social scientists to investigate hypothesised causal pathways between biological and social factors and make the best use of new data on biological measures (biomarkers) included in the UK's collection of population based data sets. We addressed our objectives through the provision of training courses and events and through our research. Events and training included arranging a successful day meeting on Genome Wide Association Studies with leading international contributors which was held at the Royal Statistical Society and a day meeting on Mediation analysis, again with leading international contributors, held prior to the 2014 Research Methods Festival. We also developed and put on a special course in collaboration with the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Much of our research used biomarker data available in ESRC supported studies to tackle questions about how social factors influences health over the lifecourse. One paper (Ploubidis et al 2015) used data in the National Child Development Study (1958 birth cohort) to examine the effects of partnership trajectories over adult life on various biomarkers measured in middle age. Previous studies have mainly used mortality as an outcome, which is not very suitable as an indicator of health for people in mid-life, or self-reported measures which may be influenced by reporting patterns that vary with, for example, level of education. We took account of early life circumstances which may influence both partnership and later health and derived trajectories of partnership from measures at several points in adult life. The results showed that people who were cohabiting without being married had very similar standards of health to married couples and that the health of those experiencing divorce or separation suffered at the time but tended to bounce back as long they formed another partnership. In our research based on analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we used biological measures to derive an indicator of allostatic load - an indicator of multisystem physical dysregulation hypothesised to be an outcome of chronic stress (Read and Grundy 2014; Grundy and Read 2015). Our research on associations between fertility histories and later health showed that early parenthood and larger family size were associated with higher (worse) allostatic load in later life health and much of this was accounted for by lower wealth and poorer health related behaviours. Methodological advances included development, testing and application of a new method for assessing non-linear causal effects in Mendelian randomisation studies (studies in which a genetic instrument is used to asses causal associations between an exposure and an outcome). Application of this method showed non-linear effects of alcohol intake on several cardiovascular outcomes (Silverwood et al, 2014). In other methodological work we examined the analytical difficulties posed by intermediate confounding and multiple mediators when studying causal pathways and developed new insights and methods drawing from both the structural equation modelling and causal inference literature (DeStavola et al 2014; Daniel et al 2014). |
| Exploitation Route | We consider there is considerable scope to further develop and extend both our substantive and methodological work. For example, one approach to mediation analysis that is increasingly being adopted in epidemiology, but not to the same extent in the social sciences, is that based on counterfactual thinking emanating from the causal inference literature. There are particular challenges around how to deal with sequential mediation (multiple, temporally ordered, mediators), with mediating variables that are only measured by a battery of (possibly sequential) proxy indicators (e.g. "health behaviour"), and with time-to-event outcomes. We also believe more work on the predictive value of biomarker data, and measures based on biomarkers, is needed. There remains a need for further cross disciplinary training and exchange on methodological development and application. |
| Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Healthcare,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
| URL | http://www.ncrm.ac.uk/research/phase3.php?n=6 |
| Description | The Pathways programme contributed to methodological and substantive advances and also to training, as detailed in Key Findings and engagement activities sections. Training and engagement activities included development and delivery of a special one day course for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation in 2013. Chris Goulden , Head of the Poverty Team at JRF reports: 'The workshop informed our work on theories of change for research programmes as well as for understanding how the system of poverty operates in the UK.' Other impact through improved training of trainers, researchers, research commissioners and policy experts is expected to continue. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2013 |
| Sector | Communities and Social Services/Policy |
| Impact Types | Policy & public services |
| Description | A Short Course on Concepts and Methods in Causal Inference |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational and learning impact |
| Description | A short course on concepts and methods in causal inference 2013 |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact for statitcal inference and software use |
| Description | A short course on concepts and methods in causal inference 2014 |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Training on statistical inference and software analysis |
| Description | Causal mediation analysis in social and medical research |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Training on statistics |
| Description | Confounded about confounding? An introduction to causal inference |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact |
| Description | Genetics for Social Scientists (Intermediate course) |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact |
| Description | Introduction to Biomarkers for Social Scientists 2013 |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact |
| Description | Introduction to Biomarkers for Social Scientists Training Course |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational training |
| Description | Introduction to Genetics for Social Scientists Training Course |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact |
| Description | Introduction to Genetics for Social Scientists Training Course 2013 |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact |
| Description | New approaches to biosocial research: using genes in social and epidemiological studies |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact |
| Description | Social disadvantage, child health and attainment: The potential of analyses of the UK census-based longitudinal studies |
| Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Description | Studying pathways between social and biological factors using modern causal inference methods: an example using data from the ONS Longitudinal Study |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact on statistical methods |
| Description | Studying pathways between social and biological factors: can modern methods in causal inference help? |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact |
| Description | Towards a common language in statistical methodology: examples from current applications in economics and health research |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Learning about statistical methods |
| Description | Understanding pathways: Structural equation modelling and beyond |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Impact | Educational impact |
| Description | Using biomarkers in research on health |
| Geographic Reach | Local/Municipal/Regional |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Description | Collaborative partnership between NCRM Pathways and LEMMA III |
| Organisation | University of Bristol |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | The aim of the collaborative project is to produce several electronic notebooks (eBooks) for use with the STAT-JR software package for teaching social science researchers about causal modelling and missing data and assisting them in performing their statistical analyses. To put this into context requires some background on the two project teams involved. |
| Collaborator Contribution | In the LEMMA II node in NCRM phase 2, and the current e-STAT node in the Digital Social research programme, the team at the Centre for Multilevel Modelling, Bristol (with collaborators at the University of Southampton) have developed the new STAT-JR software package. |
| Impact | Ebook used by respondents and feedback was received |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | Collaborative partnership between NCRM Pathways and PEPA |
| Organisation | Institute for Fiscal Studies |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | A successful application has been made to access the administrative data to ELSA which will enable estimation of costs associated with childrearing, this analysis is in progress. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Application to NATCEN for additional data on inter birth intervals was approved. |
| Impact | A successful application has been made to access the administrative data to ELSA which will enable estimation of costs associated with childrearing, this analysis is in progress. |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | Collaborative proposal between NCRM Pathways and SLS and ADLS |
| Organisation | University of Edinburgh |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | The project is highly relevant to the ESRC Strategic Priority 'Influencing behaviour and informing interventions' which identified as a key question: 'How does the interplay of childhood, family, community and wider society influence inequalities in wellbeing?' It is also relevant to 'A vibrant and fair society' as it will aid our understanding of social inequalities. Furthermore, as good child health and educational attainment pave the way for later productivity, the research has relevance to the third ESRC priority: economic performance and sustainable growth. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The partners worked on maximising benefits from cross programme/resource impacts and provided support to users of the SLS, and some additional time will be required for development work on child health data, including checks on completeness and preparation of a user guide on the data. |
| Impact | TBC |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Causal Methods at LSHTM |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions n/a |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Current and new approaches to estimating causal pathways from observational data |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Questions and discussion Request for further details |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Current and new approaches to estimating causal pathways from observational data |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Discussion and questions Requests for further information |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Fertility histories and later life health |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions Deelgates request for further information about the Pathways project |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | From birth to childhood: Investigating socio-economic differences in health trajectories in the Scottish Longitudinal Study |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked discussion Request for more details |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Introduction to mediation analysis |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions Request for further information |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Mediation analysis for life course epidemiology |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk prompted discussion The talk encouraged peers to attend an event and visit our website for further information |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | Mediation analysis with multiple mediators: An application to the study of adolescent eating disorders |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked discussion Request for more information |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Mediation and life course epidemiology: challenges and examples: the 9 months that change your life |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions Request for more details |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Mediation and life course epidemiology:challenges and examples. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions Requests for more details |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Missing data and composite endpoints: Efficient estimation of the distribution of time to composite endpoint when one of the endpoints is incompletely observed |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Tals sparked questions and discussion Request for further details |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Relations entre cycle de vie familiale et santé aux âges élevés |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions Request for further details |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | Social disadvantage and infant mortality |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Questions and discussion Requests for further details |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | The Cox model: introduction and history. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions n/a |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | The Demography of Ageing |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions and discussion Request for further details |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | The European Health, Morbidity and Mortality Working Group workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked discussions and questions The talk led to requests for more information. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | The Pathways programme: and Pathways from fertility history to later life health: Results from analyses of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions Request for further details |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| Description | The role of sensitivity analysis in estimating causal pathways from observational data |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Paper at Department of Biostatistics Seminar sparked interesting discussion n/a |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | The role of sensitivity analysis in the estimation of causal pathways from observational data |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions n/a |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Understanding pathways from fertility history to later life health |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | N/A |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | Using longitudinal data to understand health inequalities at older ages |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Talk sparked questions and discussion Discussion and requests for further information |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |
| Description | What is Mendelian Randomisation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.) |
| Results and Impact | Discussion Request for further information |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012 |