Helping to shape global conversations on poverty to 2015 and beyond: A shame-proofing Toolkit.

Lead Research Organisation: University of Oxford
Department Name: Social Policy and Intervention

Abstract

This project implements a multi-media, multi-agency dissemination and utilisation strategy developed from the findings of the ESRC/DFID research project; Shame, Poverty and Social Exclusion: A comparative analysis in seven countries (Grant Reference: RES-167-25-0557). In the context of global discussions on the future of the Millennium Development Goals, the overall goal is to influence public, media and policy debates around poverty and to help improve the effectiveness of national and global policy by focussing attention on the benefits of promoting the dignity of people living in poverty. A central component is a 'Shame-Proofing Toolkit', a web-based resource specifically designed with differentiated materials to alert policy makers, practitioners and the public to the psychological and social impacts of poverty.

The ESRC/DFID research indicates that people in poverty often experience shame as a consequence of being unable to afford fully to participate in society and because they feel shamed by political and media discourse, and in their dealings with public agencies. Poverty related shame limits individual agency and ultimately helps to perpetuate poverty; therefore there is an economic imperative to consider its implications. Anti-poverty policies from social security floors to micro finance initiatives need to be 'shame-proofed' to ensure that they promote rather than undermine human dignity and agency. Equally, mechanisms are required through which we can sensitise public opinion to a) how negativity towards people in poverty (the shaming) is culturally and socially constructed and b) how everyone has a role to play in challenging it.

The Toolkit comprises:

1) Core materials, including key principles for policy and practice, best practice guidelines, illustrative case studies and curriculum materials. These will be drawn from the ESRC/DFID research but shaped for dissemination outputs via a series of workshops held with people living in poverty in six countries. The workshops will be conducted in collaboration with ATD4th World as part of wider conversations on poverty in advance of the World Summit in 2013 on global development.

2) Supplementary popular media resources devised in collaboration with other key partners including:
a) With Mediae (Education for Development NGO) story lines incorporated into the soap opera - Makutano Junction (screened to millions of viewers in East Africa and used as an educational resource across schools in the UK)
b) With the Media Trust (NGO) the production of a series of short films about the experiences of poverty-related shame in five of the ESRC/DFID research countries (the UK, Norway, Uganda, South Korea and India)
c) With Pegasus Youth Theatre (NGO), the design and production of a theatre in education programme based on the book 'The Heap' (about children's experiences of poverty and shame). The project will also produce curriculum materials for English/Drama in UK schools. The final play will be toured in the UK and internationally and recorded and digitalised for wider dissemination including via the project website.

As well as being directly broadcast, these media will form part of the 'Shame-Proofing Toolkit', launched via an interactive website purpose-built by another partner, Soft Innovators (SI). The website will offer a platform for global discussions on poverty and provide links to an extensive range of related initiatives and resources. It will be moderated and its use monitored as a part of the process of measuring impact of the dissemination and utilisation project as a whole.

The research findings will also be used directly to influence national and global anti-poverty policy (a process which has already begun via a series of workshops presenting findings to international policy forums such as the World Bank and the ILO, and national government and NGO policy forums in the UK, India, China, Norway and Uganda)

Planned Impact

The overall goal is to help increase the effectiveness of public services and policies and enhance quality of life, health and creative output of people living in poverty. The potential impact is instrumental (influencing anti-poverty policy and practice as well as altering wider societal responses to poverty and those experiencing it); conceptual (through the focus on reframing poverty discourses around the social dynamics of poverty); and capacity building (sensitising policy makers and those working at the point of delivery to the complexities of the poverty-shame dynamic and offering knowledge and resources to encourage reflective policy formulation and implementation).

The beneficiaries of the research include those currently living in poverty. Through direct involvement in the development of the 'Shame-Proofing Toolkit' they will have opportunities to shape the nature of the debate and incorporate their ideas and priorities for improving the design and delivery of poverty alleviation strategies. Their ideas will also be incorporated into the popular media portfolio (soap operas and short films, theatre in education) and hence stand to potentially influence the views of millions of members of the global public.

Given the importance of public opinion in shaping the nature of the debate surrounding poverty policies, the 'Shame-Proofing Toolkit', through its use of popular media, stands to have a substantial reach. Makutano Junction has a regular weekly audience of 6.5 million viewers in Kenya where it is produced, and several million additional viewers in Uganda and Tanzania. It is supplemented by an interactive mobile SMS/Text interface and website, allowing viewers to access aditional information and engage in further debate and discussion. An additional component of Makutano Junction provides educational resources for use in UK schools. Resources enable teachers and students to view extracts from the soap opera and help engage young people with global issues; discovering similarities, challenging stereotypes and raising awareness.

The short films produced by the Media Trust will be broadcast as a 25 minute programme on the Community Channel, reaching between 800,000 and one million viewers a week in the UK. The Community Channel and Media Trust websites will provide dedicated pages for the 'Shame-Proofing Toolkit' (with links to the main website) and will provide further opportunities to view the films (which will also be transmitted via You Tube). Both media organisations will provide access to distribution networks and appropriate marketing support for the materials.

The Pegasus Youth Theatre 'Heap' project, will reach young people across the UK and the final outputs from the project, a stage play recorded and digitalised for wider distribution and curriculum materials for English and Drama, have potential for extensive reach in terms of influencing young people's attitudes on the social dynamics of poverty.

The 'Shame-Proofing Toolkit' and website, is likely to take on a momentum of its own, linking organisations together (something that was initiated through the dissemination seminar in March 2012), and providing two-way channels of communication between representatives of different institutions with a shared interest in poverty issues and debates.

In terms of documenting the process of dissemination and the innovations supported by the proposed project, this will be something taken on by the research team in collaboration with other partners.

Publications

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Description This was a Knowledge Exchange collaborative project for which the ESRC grant was match funded by a number of different organisations (detailed below) in order to achieve the listed outputs. The aim was to disseminate findings from the ESRC/DFID -funded research project: Poverty, Shame and Social Exclusion: A study in Seven Countries (RES-167-25-0557)
In the context of global discussions on the future of the Millennium Development Goals, the overall goal was to influence public, media and policy debates around poverty and to help improve the effectiveness of national and global policy by focussing attention on the benefits of promoting the dignity of people living in poverty. The final output of the work is an evolving 'Shame-Proofing Toolkit', a web-based resource designed to alert policy makers, practitioners and the public to the psychological and social impacts of poverty. More specifically, the following outputs have been produced:
Makutano Junction Soap Opera: We have worked with Mediae (an education for Development NGO) to incorporate story lines from the Poverty, Shame and Social Exclusion (ESRC/DFID - funded study) into four episodes of series 13 of the soap opera Makutano Junction, viewed by over six million people in East Africa. (http://www.makutanojunction.com/all-episodes).
Media Trust: series of four short films. Together with the Media Trust we have produced a series of four short films on poverty and shame in Uganda, South Korea, Pakistan and the UK. The films were combined into a single film, ' Rich man, poor man' (presented by the broadcaster John Snow) and launched on the Community Channel with accompanying media coverage and have been publicly screened on a number of occasions (and are available to download via the project website). The films juxtapose the voices of people living in poverty with those who are wealthier. Those in poverty have a chance to account for their circumstances and how they are made to feel by others and society; those not in poverty reflect on their own situations and why they believe that other people are living in poverty. The films combined make a powerful case of how the shame and stigma of poverty emerges, how such shame is socially constructed and how people living in poverty are subjected to shaming by others.
Pegasus Youth Theatre (NGO): A theatre in education project: The Heap Working in partnership with the Pegasus Youth Theatre we have been involved in supporting the design and production of a theatre in education programme based on the book 'The Heap' (about children's experiences of poverty and shame). A drama production was launched in March 2013 and toured to schools in the UK and internationally. Findings from the Poverty, Shame and Social Exclusion study were used to work with the young people during the development of the production and included in the curriculum materials produced for schools (http://www.pegasustheatre.org.uk/learning-resources/pegasus-youth-theatre-companies-resource-the-heap-and-a-forgotten-instant/
ATD Fourth World: Global dialogue on poverty: Over the past 18 months the PIs have participated in a series of national and international (including New York, Burkina Faso, Brussels and Paris), workshops and events with people living in extreme poverty convened by ATD Fourth World. Through these events, the findings from the study have been used to influence ideas and dialogue about policies and practice in relation to educational provision; social work practice; and social protection systems and structures. They have included representation of the project findings at high level dialogue meetings including the United Nations Commission for Social Development and The World Bank. In addition (PI)Walker spent his sabbatical (2014) in New York explicitly to support the policy work.
Exploitation Route This Knowledge Exchange project was designed specifically for the 'user community' since it considered how best to disseminate ideas to non academic audiences. In the case of this work, the 'user community' has multiple components. In the first instance it includes those people living in poverty who are repeatedly and in multiple contexts made to feel inadequate and inferior because of their lack of material resources. Therefore by shifting the nature of the debate around poverty; by promoting the reconceptualisation of anti-poverty policies so that they are dignity enhancing; and by encouraging politicians, policy makers, the general public and the media ( the other 'user communities) to think about the impact of their words and actions on people living in poverty - the societal and economic impact on this 'user community' is significant. The materials developed in the project and the strong collaborative links made with other relevant work mean that we are in a position to make an increasingly strong case for the social and economic benefits of enhancing people's dignity in the context of poverty. By channelling these initiatives through the project website, we have laid the foundations to continue influencing the 'user communities' about the central importance of dignity into the future. The on-going research will continue to sustain and enhance the range of outward facing initiatives designed to influence public and political opinion about the psychological and social impacts of poverty (until now aspects of poverty which have been largely ignored).
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Government, Democracy and Justice

URL http://povertyshamedignity.spi.ox.ac.uk/home.html
 
Description The project had impact even prior to funding. Designing the proposal to disseminate results from ESRC/DFID project ES/H034307/1 on poverty and shame, a workshop involving national and international governmental agencies, civil society and the media sought to ascertain how participants could utilise the research findings. Mediae, a television production company, determined to include storylines in a soap opera aired in East Africa; Pegasus Theatre Company re-designed educational material accompanying a new production; and the Media Trust offered collaboratively to produce documentaries. The International Labour Organisation encouraged policy engagement resulting in a successful amendment to ILO Recommendation 202 on social protection, while the NGO, ATD Fourth World, invited involvement in drafting input to the UN's consultation on the Sustainable Development Goals. Subsequently the Media Trust produced four shorts on Pakistan, South Korea, Uganda and the UK (available at http://povertyshamedignity.spi.ox.ac.uk/home.html and elsewhere) highlighting the psychological and social impact that public and policy discourse have on the lives of people living in poverty. Edited into a documentary 'Rich Man, Poor Man' narrated by Jon Snow, they were shown on UK TV Channel 63 and on YouTube. Recut, they featured as part of Oxford University's annual review audited as reaching 328,000 people with 53,800 separate viewings of the film. The Guardian and BBC Radio 4 ('Thinking Allowed') covered the research. Follow through with ATD Fourth World included a temporary exhibit at the Ashmolean Museum and presentations at the UN and World Bank. The latter presentation led to support for participative research on the multidimensionality of poverty and involvement, with the ILO, in new ESRC/DFID funded research to test the effectiveness of antipoverty policies designed to avoid shame being conducted in China, India and Uganda.
First Year Of Impact 2012
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Societal,Policy & public services

 
Description 2014 Invited seminar, 'The poverty-shame nexus: An example of CQR, Doctoral Program in Public Policy, University of Massachusetts, 27th February (R. Walker). 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Methods talk with graduate students

Student engagement
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description 2015 Invited Presentation: 'We've never had it so good' - how does the world today compare to 1957? - Panel Discussion, Oxford Martin School, 11 May 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Panel Discussion, Oxford Martin School, 11 May
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/videos/view/490
 
Description Congressman Ellison Podcast on Shame & Poverty 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Congressman Ellison Podcast on Shame & Poverty
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL https://soundcloud.com/repellison/episode-viii-shaming-the-poor
 
Description Invited contribution: Poverty and shame: Main outcomes of international research, The Role of People in Poverty in Eradicating Extreme Poverty, World Bank, Spring Meetings - Civil Society Program, Washington, DC., 9th April, (R. Walker). 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Open discussion

Inclusion of research in World Bank review
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Invited lecture: Do we accept the right to be extremely poor? Results from an empirical enquiry. Duke Human Rights Center, Duke University, 30th September 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Questions ans answers

Follow up contact with faculkty and post graduate students
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Invited lecture: Poverty, shame and policy effectiveness, Workshop on Shame and Development, Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Brighton; 28th October 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited lecture: Poverty, shame and policy effectiveness, Workshop on Shame and Development, Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Brighton; 28th October
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Invited lecture: Should Shame Shape Anti-Poverty Policy? Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, The Hague 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Invited lecture: Should Shame Shape Anti-Poverty Policy? Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, The Hague
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Invited paper: Shame, stigma and the take-up of social assistance: Insights from rural China, CROP Workshop on "Social Inclusion and Poverty Eradication" - Harvard University November 16-18 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited paper: Shame, stigma and the take-up of social assistance: Insights from rural China, CROP Workshop on "Social Inclusion and Poverty Eradication" - Harvard University November 16-18
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Invited presentation, The shame of poverty, Emerging Leaders' Program, Center for Social Policy, University of Massachusetts, 27th February (R. Walker). 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact Discussion on shared experiences


Support for research findings from people with direct expereince of poverty
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Invited presentation: On the Language of Poverty, Labour Party Conference fringe meeting, 'Who cares about poverty in Britain' hosted by the Webb Memorial Trust, 27th September 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Invited presentation: On the Language of Poverty, Labour Party Conference fringe meeting, 'Who cares about poverty in Britain' hosted by the Webb Memorial Trust, 27th September
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Invited presentation: Poverty, shame and the erosion of solidarity, An interdisciplinary lecture series: Solidarity in Europe: A new future for an old idea?" the Centre for Sociological Research (CeSO), KU Leuven, 25th October 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact Invited presentation: Poverty, shame and the erosion of solidarity, An interdisciplinary lecture series: Solidarity in Europe: A new future for an old idea?" the Centre for Sociological Research (CeSO), KU Leuven, 25th October
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://www.veto.be/artikel/interview-met-armoede-expert-robert-walker
 
Description Invited presentation: Shame: A defining dimension, consequence and cause of poverty, Addressing Poverty and Shame: Multidimensional Measures for Post 2015, Fifty Second Session of the Commission for Social Development, United Nations, New York, 21st 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Sparked discussion

Ongoing dialogue
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Keynote address: 'Shame lies at the absolutist core of poverty': An important insight or a distraction?. Absolute Poverty in Europe Conference, Salzburg, Austria, 28 August . Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR) Salzburg University and the Austrian chapter of Academics Stand Against Poverty 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Keynote address: 'Shame lies at the absolutist core of poverty': An important insight or a distraction?. Absolute Poverty in Europe Conference, Salzburg, Austria, 28 August . Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR) Salzburg University and the Austrian chapter of Academics Stand Against Poverty
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Keynote address: The poor consumer: Poverty, debt overload and income inequality The 21st Century Consumer: Vulnerable, Responsible, Transparent? ,International Conference on Consumer Research (ICCR), Wissenschaftszentrum, Bonn, 26th September. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Keynote address: The poor consumer: Poverty, debt overload and income inequality The 21st Century Consumer: Vulnerable, Responsible, Transparent? ,International Conference on Consumer Research (ICCR), Wissenschaftszentrum, Bonn, 26th September.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Keynote speaker: Who is ashamed of poverty? Meeting of Boston business and Civil Society, University of Massachusetts Club, Boston, 28th February (R. Walker). 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Wide-ranging discussion

Engaginf policy community
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Public interview and presentation: From Shame to Dignity, an Audience with Pr. Robert Walker, All Together in Dignity, Trinity International Development Initiative and School of Social Work & Social Policy, TCD Dublin 16th October. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Public interview and presentation: From Shame to Dignity, an Audience with Pr. Robert Walker, All Together in Dignity, Trinity International Development Initiative and School of Social Work & Social Policy, TCD Dublin 16th October.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL https://europa.eu/eyd2015/en/all-together-dignity/events/audience-robert-walker
 
Description Reporter's article in the Irish Times 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Article in the Irish Times 'Getting to know the shame of poverty' by Naomi Linehan, media coordinator with the European Year for Development, reflects on the reality driving the author of The Shame of Poverty
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL http://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/inside-out/getting-to-know-the-shame-of-poverty-1.24...
 
Description Should emotions shape policy? The case of shame and poverty, International Conference on Contemporary and Historical Approaches to Emotions, University of Wollongong, Sydney, 6th December 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Should emotions shape policy? The case of shame and poverty, International Conference on Contemporary and Historical Approaches to Emotions, University of Wollongong, Sydney, 6th December
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description The Shame of Poverty: An Audience with Prof. Robert Walker 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The Shame of Poverty: An Audience with Prof. Robert Walker hosted by All Together in Dignity - ATD Ireland to mark International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, The Innovation Academy, 3 Foster Place, Dublin 2; 16th October
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
URL https://www.facebook.com/events/1073796899321163/