FAPESP-ESRC-NWO-Joint Call Sustainable Urban Development ...... RESOLUTION: REsilient Systems fOr Land Use TransportatION

We will explore the impact of transportation on social segregation in São Paulo and London, comparable world cities in terms of their population, area and density at both municipal and metropolitan levels. In large cities, social groups classified by income, class, and ethnicity manifest extreme differences in where they locate and how accessible they are to a variety of opportunities for mobility, as reflected in the physical distribution of resources associated with different transport systems. These two cities provide us with examples of segregation enabling us to use the findings in one city to 'probe' the other; patterns of segregation with respect to transportation are similar in some senses, different in others. This provides us with an ideal opportunity for comparative work on segregation using rich data sets for each of these cities. We first construct web-based portals that allow us to represent a wide variety of network, flow and socio-economic attribute data. We will build on the extensive experience in these systems acquired by CASA (see www.maptube.org; www.datashine.org.uk), transfer these ideas to São Paulo, building on their own systems (www.fflch.usp.br/centrodametropole/en/). We will add transportation explicitly in both cities and this will provide us with a stream of analytics that will inform the development of simple agent-based models which simulate how changes to transport systems are reflected in shifting patterns of segregation. These models will build on existing structures pioneered in various collaborations between CASA, Birkbeck, CEM, UFABC and INPE. The data systems and models we build offer prospects for practical testing of alternative transport scenarios on spatial structure by urban policy makers.

The expected outcomes and impacts revolve around gaining a much better knowledge of social groups segregated by transport. We need to understand precisely why groups get locked out and this is not simply a matter of linking where they live to the transport available but relating this to other resources such as jobs, health and education. Any systems problem generates wide ramifications on other aspects of the urban system. We also need to identify the locations of such groups and this needs to be done with very detailed data systems at the level of streets and land parcels that approach the level of 'big' data.

We will communicate our research activities and outcomes in the usual ways, through academic papers of various sorts. However as the portals are web-based, a web presence is essential to the way we will pursue this project and we therefore will quite seamlessly communicate our wares through the web and various weblogs. We have extensive experience of contemporary IT in terms of social media (see www.blogs.casa.ucl.ac.uk). CASA organises a yearly conference to support our dissemination and we will use this forum for engaging with a wider interest. Our trips to São Paulo and London built into this proposal will be supported by seminars in both cities.

We do not see IPR as an issue for all our software will be open source or at least non-proprietary. Our software for the various models is likely to be under a Creative Commons licence if there is a license at all. We will of course be careful about copyright of data that is collected and owned by others that we will use in the portal but we envisage most of this will be open data.