Ethnic minority voters in 2019: Brexitland, or business as usual?

Lead Research Organisation: University of Manchester
Department Name: Social Sciences

Abstract

Almost one in ten voters in Britain comes from an ethnic minority background. However, existing accounts of political change pay insufficient attention to the political choices of ethnic minorities, and both academic and political understanding of the effects of Brexit on subsequent vote choice is so far patchy and incomplete. The principal reason for this is that conducting a representative quantitative study of ethnic minorities exceeds the usual ESRC standard grant funding limits. We propose to conduct 90 semi-structured interviews with ethnic minority respondents of Understanding Society to explore the varying effects of the EU referendum, and subsequent national political changes on the political choices of ethnic minorities. We will then triangulate this 'thick' data from interviews, with representative 'thin' quantitative data from the Understanding Society on the vote choices of ethnic minorities in the Brexit referendum, and elections in 2017 and 2019.

We will collaborate with the ESRC investment project Understanding Society as an Associated Study. Using respondents embedded in the household panel study is ideal - the panel contains a great deal of information on respondents' political choices back to 2010, allowing us to purposively sample potential interviewees according to their politics (e.g. to achieve equal numbers of Remain and Leave supporters), and also to supplement the qualitative data with other information about their household and personal history. In accordance with Understanding Society requirements we will deposit the transcriptions from interviews for secondary analysis.

Planned Impact

The number of people interested in ethnic minorities political attitudes and behaviour is growing, and although this grant does not cover any additional impact activities, the PI has very deep links with civil society in this area (such as Runnymede Trust and British Future think-tanks) and will use her established communication networks to publicise the findings of this study. Given the lack of data on minorities, informing the public and civil society working in ths area will have an enormous societal impact.

Publications

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Description Brexit has reshaped British electoral politics, but little attention has been paid to the post-referendum politics of the roughly 1 million ethnic minorities who voted for Leave. This was a curious omission; ethnic minority support for Brexit was higher than expected despite the Leave side mobilising white ethnocentric voters, and the cross-ethnic appeal of the Leave campaign allowed it to distinguish itself from other purely anti-immigrant political projects. We found that realignment of minority voters in the 2019 general election was limited among minorities, despite the high salience of Brexit. Using semi-structured interview data, we find that both Conservative and Labour Leavers agreed that racism is a problem, but those who voted Conservative in 2019 saw it as less relevant to politics, prioritising Brexit instead. Labour Leavers on the other hand described themselves as habitual Labour supporters, explaining their vote with reference to Labour's perceived position of the party of ordinary people, understood as working class and ethnic minority voters. These results demonstrate that while the 2016 vote managed to defy accusations of being an ethnocentric project unacceptable to ethnic minorities, 2019 Conservatives fell victim of the ethnocentric focus of their campaign and failed to benefit from a substantial amount of support for Brexit among minorities.
Exploitation Route The anonymised interview data has been archived, so it might be reused by others.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Government, Democracy and Justice

 
Title Ethnic minority voters in 2019: Brexitland, or business as usual? 
Description The aims of the study were firstly to provide new evidence about the range of views that ethnic minority voters hold about political events since 2016, and also to guide the development of future fieldwork in this area. This was achieved through 90 semi-structured interviews that were conducted over the phone from April to July 2020. The topic guide contained questions on: whether the respondent voted in the 2019 UK general election, and if so who for; the main reasons for their vote; key campaign issues; race and discrimination in politics; views on parties and leaders; the 2016 referendum; and whether Brexit was an important part of respondent's identity. Respondents were given an incentive payment of £40 in vouchers. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact It is too early for notable impacts, but data archive has already seen some downloads of these data 
URL https://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/855947/