Assessing The Impact Of COVID-19 On People Vulnerable To, Or Already Experiencing, Forced Marriage
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Nottingham
Department Name: Sch of Politics & International Relation
Abstract
COVID-19 and COVID-related decisions are having significant impacts on children and adults vulnerable to, and already experiencing, the crime of forced marriage. Our mixed-methods project will chart and understand this impact, inform evaluation of the UK's response to COVID-19, and shape on-going policy regarding the UK's pandemic response. We consider the uneven economic and social impact of the pandemic, and the ethical dimensions of unequal impacts of COVID-related decision-making, on this vulnerable group, and seek to impact how civil society and the voluntary sector support vulnerable people.
The government's Forced Marriage Unit (FMU) and the charity Karma Nirvana (KN) (which provides a national forced marriage helpline) have warned about the significant impact of the pandemic on forced marriage in the UK. We designed this project with both organisations, and will work with them to analyse quantitative and qualitative data about the impact of COVID-19 on those at risk of, or experiencing, forced marriage; and to record and analyse the challenges faced in the pandemic, evaluate the efficacy of mitigation strategies, and formulate new policies and practises for protection and response.
Within the first 6 months, we will have co-created an accurate account of the economic and social impact of COVID-19 and COVID-related decision-making on victims of forced marriage, and the ethical implications of unequal impacts. We will then continue to chart the changing risk environment, while co-developing policy reports and recommendations for the UK government (including FMU), NGO practice responses (including KN), and other stakeholders, to improve the on-going response to COVID-19 and build community resilience.
The government's Forced Marriage Unit (FMU) and the charity Karma Nirvana (KN) (which provides a national forced marriage helpline) have warned about the significant impact of the pandemic on forced marriage in the UK. We designed this project with both organisations, and will work with them to analyse quantitative and qualitative data about the impact of COVID-19 on those at risk of, or experiencing, forced marriage; and to record and analyse the challenges faced in the pandemic, evaluate the efficacy of mitigation strategies, and formulate new policies and practises for protection and response.
Within the first 6 months, we will have co-created an accurate account of the economic and social impact of COVID-19 and COVID-related decision-making on victims of forced marriage, and the ethical implications of unequal impacts. We will then continue to chart the changing risk environment, while co-developing policy reports and recommendations for the UK government (including FMU), NGO practice responses (including KN), and other stakeholders, to improve the on-going response to COVID-19 and build community resilience.
Publications
McCabe, H
(2021)
Research Finding: India Case Study
McCabe, H
(2021)
Briefing - Pakistan Case Study
McCabe, H
(2022)
Afghanistan Case Study
McCabe, H
(2021)
Forced marriage and lockdown in the UK
Geere, Nicholas
(2022)
Analysing Calls to UK Forced Marriage Helplines
| Description | We have discovered that we cannot say that any one particular Covid-related restriction impacted rates, or risk, of forced marriage (FM) but the package of restrictions taken together certainly has. This said, "lockdowns" and other limitations on social interaction increased victim isolation, which put more victims at risk. Calls to both the government's Forced Marriage Unit (FMU) helpline and those relating to forced marriage made to the national helpline for honour-based abuse, run by Karma Nirvana (KN) were significantly impacted by Covid-19 and Covid-related restrictions. In-particular, calls to both helplines dramatically decreased immediately following the first "lockdown" (from 23 March 2020). However, they decreased even further in subsequent lockdowns. Police also reported fewer cases of FM. Victims were increasingly reliant on helplines in the pandemic, because they could not access other forms of help. Helplines kept going through the lockdowns and other significant restrictions (e.g. when everyone who could had to work from home). They handled fewer cases of FM but more cases of domestic abuse. We discovered that remote working impacted staff working in this area both positively and negatively. Service providers dealt with more calls from the same victim, and with longer calls than before the pandemic, providing more on-going support. This, alongside home-working had a knock-on impact on the well-being of service providers. Relatedly, we discovered that Covid-related restrictions brought back historic trauma for some FM survivors, particularly if they had been forced to "stay-at-home" by controlling family-members or spouses. Helplines saw an increase in calls from distressed survivors of historical FM. Despite travel restrictions, people were still taken abroad for the purpose of FM in 2020. Although this happened to fewer people than in pre-pandemic years, it was still a significant number of people, and the likelihood of FM does not seem to have been impacted by changes to the number of flights leaving or entering the country. (That is, if people were determined on taking someone out of the country for the purpose of FM, limited availability of international transport did not significantly dissuade them.) We discovered that staff at schools are not calling the FMU or KN's helplines very frequently, but schools do seem to be providing a network of support which lead to other people making contact with experts for help (this was true of both victims themselves, and concerned third-parties). The FMU evidently plays an official "duty to notify" role (for FM and female genital mutilation, which also comes under its remit). However, many other stakeholders do not contact the FMU, or only contact it infrequently. Indeed, we discovered that KN, the FMU, and the Family Courts in England and Wales are dealing with almost entirely separate constituencies of people at risk. We discovered that Forced Marriage Protection Orders (FMPOs) showed very different patterns of increase/decrease during periods of lockdowns for adults and for children in England and Wales. This supports concern that children were increasingly invisible in the pandemic. |
| Exploitation Route | Relevant policy units and service providers should be able to take forward our findings and put them to use regarding the impact of restrictions on people at risk of forced marriage (FM), informing future pandemic planning. People concerned about the prevalence of FM in the UK, and which communities are more at risk, should be able to use our findings in work in this area. We have also already done some additional work in this area, mapping risk in Nottinghamshire, which has led to questions being asked in Parliament of relevant Ministers. Our work contacting and mapping key stakeholders may also be of use in determining whether statutory guidance is being adhered to, and is fit-for-purpose and on what data is being collected on FM, and whether it is informing evidence-based policy. (Our team are also currently working on this). Our timeline of relevant events may be of use to researchers interested more broadly in the impact of Covid-19, and what happened in the UK in 2020/2021. Written evidence which draws on this project has been published by Select Committees, quoted in the Global Estimates of Slavery, and has led to the PI being invited to give oral evidence in March 2023 to the Women and Equalities Select Committee. |
| Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Other |
| URL | https://forcedmarriageresearch.ac.uk/forced-marriage-and-covid-19 |
| Description | Our research regarding the potential negative impact of newly-imposed quarantine laws (in 2021) after international travel from "red list" countries led to the Chair of the House of Commons Select Committee writing to the Home Secretary about whether victims of forced marriage had been considered in the policy; whether their safety would be secured in quarantine accomodation, and in travelling to and from it; and whether their costs would be covered by the government as part of their repatriation. The Foreign Secretary responded that "the FMU has been fully operational throughout the pandemic ... The nature of the consular assistant offered is always tailored to the specific circumstances of each case. We have experienced additional challenges in assisting the repatriation of victims from some countries, such as where limited flights have operated or the country had travel restrictions in place. However, we have still be able to assist by carefully working through options with the victim and by providing support, often locally as well as from the UK". The FCDO had worked with their funded partner, Southall Black Sisters Trust "to ensure victims can quarantine in safe accomodation", and where "managed quarantine" was needed, "we have worked with police, Social Services and others to prioritise the safety of victims. This has included enabling victims to quarantine in a seperate hotel to family members or others who may pose a risk" (which was one of our primary concerns). Our Data Report was cited in the Global Estimates of Slavery and by the Special Rapporteur for Contemporary Forms of Slavery, and evidence based on findings from this report has been published on the websites of several UK Parliament Select Committees. We have also presented findings at the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Honour-Based Abuse. Our work has also led to some questions being asked in Parliament about the quality of Forced Marriage Unit data, and why its recording practices changed, given the negative impact of this for on-going research into year-on-year changes. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2022 |
| Sector | Government, Democracy and Justice |
| Impact Types | Policy & public services |
| Description | Cited in Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Marriage and Forced Labour 2022 |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
| Description | Contributed to written evidence to Foreign Affairs Committee (inquiry into UK Policy towards Afghanistan) |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| URL | https://committees.parliament.uk/work/1465/government-policy-on-afghanistan/publications/written-evi... |
| Description | Presented update on research at All Party Parliamentary Group for Honour-Based Abuse |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
| Description | Questions asked in House of Commons |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| URL | https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2022-09-02/45473 |
| Description | Submitted Evidence to Public Accounts Committee (UK Parliament) |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| URL | https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/113379/pdf/ |
| Description | Submitted Evidence to the Special Rapporteur for Contemporary Slavery, its causes and consequences. |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| URL | https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Slavery/SRSlavery/Pages/minority-communities.aspx |
| Description | Submitted Evidence to the Women and Equalities Select Committee (UK Parliament) |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| URL | https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/114324/pdf/ |
| Description | What Data? What Happens? Barriers To Generating Evidence-Based Policy To End Honour-Based Abuse. |
| Amount | £140,714 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | IF2223\230102 |
| Organisation | The British Academy |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 02/2023 |
| End | 01/2024 |
| Title | Collated Data From Family Courts on Forced Marriage Protection Orders, 2010-2020. |
| Description | COVID-19 and COVID-related decisions are having significant impacts on children and adults vulnerable to, and already experiencing, the crime of forced marriage. This mixed-methods project aimed to chart and understand this impact, inform evaluation of the UK's response to COVID-19, and shape on-going policy regarding the UK's pandemic response. This collection includes processed data from publicly-available data from Family Courts on Forced Marriage Protection Orders, 2010-2020, including visualisations. COVID-19 and COVID-related decisions are having significant impacts on children and adults vulnerable to, and already experiencing, the crime of forced marriage. Our mixed-methods project will chart and understand this impact, inform evaluation of the UK's response to COVID-19, and shape on-going policy regarding the UK's pandemic response. We consider the uneven economic and social impact of the pandemic, and the ethical dimensions of unequal impacts of COVID-related decision-making, on this vulnerable group, and seek to impact how civil society and the voluntary sector support vulnerable people. The government's Forced Marriage Unit (FMU) and the charity Karma Nirvana (KN) (which provides a national forced marriage helpline) have warned about the significant impact of the pandemic on forced marriage in the UK. We designed this project with both organisations, and will work with them to analyse quantitative and qualitative data about the impact of COVID-19 on those at risk of, or experiencing, forced marriage; and to record and analyse the challenges faced in the pandemic, evaluate the efficacy of mitigation strategies, and formulate new policies and practises for protection and response. Within the first 6 months, we will have co-created an accurate account of the economic and social impact of COVID-19 and COVID-related decision-making on victims of forced marriage, and the ethical implications of unequal impacts. We will then continue to chart the changing risk environment, while co-developing policy reports and recommendations for the UK government (including FMU), NGO practice responses (including KN), and other stakeholders, to improve the on-going response to COVID-19 and build community resilience. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | None known as yet. There have been 8 data downloads and 24 page views since the dataset was published with the UK Data Service. |
| URL | https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=855891 |
| Title | Key Events Timeline, 2020-2022 |
| Description | COVID-19 and COVID-related decisions are having significant impacts on children and adults vulnerable to, and already experiencing, the crime of forced marriage. This mixed-methods project aimed to chart and understand this impact, inform evaluation of the UK's response to COVID-19, and shape on-going policy regarding the UK's pandemic response. This collection includes a timeline of key COVID-19 related events and government restrictions. This includes key data such as when COVID-19 (and variations) was discovered, and when significant case numbers were reached globally and in the UK. It also includes detail of when key forced marriage-related COVID-19 restrictions were brought in, and lifted, in 2020, and 2021, across the UK and also in each of the devolved jurisdictions. Plus processed data from this timeline, including visualisations. COVID-19 and COVID-related decisions are having significant impacts on children and adults vulnerable to, and already experiencing, the crime of forced marriage. Our mixed-methods project will chart and understand this impact, inform evaluation of the UK's response to COVID-19, and shape on-going policy regarding the UK's pandemic response. We consider the uneven economic and social impact of the pandemic, and the ethical dimensions of unequal impacts of COVID-related decision-making, on this vulnerable group, and seek to impact how civil society and the voluntary sector support vulnerable people. The government's Forced Marriage Unit (FMU) and the charity Karma Nirvana (KN) (which provides a national forced marriage helpline) have warned about the significant impact of the pandemic on forced marriage in the UK. We designed this project with both organisations, and will work with them to analyse quantitative and qualitative data about the impact of COVID-19 on those at risk of, or experiencing, forced marriage; and to record and analyse the challenges faced in the pandemic, evaluate the efficacy of mitigation strategies, and formulate new policies and practises for protection and response. Within the first 6 months, we will have co-created an accurate account of the economic and social impact of COVID-19 and COVID-related decision-making on victims of forced marriage, and the ethical implications of unequal impacts. We will then continue to chart the changing risk environment, while co-developing policy reports and recommendations for the UK government (including FMU), NGO practice responses (including KN), and other stakeholders, to improve the on-going response to COVID-19 and build community resilience. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not known. There have been 22 data downloads from UK Data Service, and 53 page views since the item was published. |
| URL | https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=855598 |
| Title | Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 on Staff at Forced Marriage Helplines, 2020-2022 |
| Description | COVID-19 and COVID-related decisions are having significant impacts on children and adults vulnerable to, and already experiencing, the crime of forced marriage. This mixed-methods project aimed to chart and understand this impact, inform evaluation of the UK's response to COVID-19, and shape on-going policy regarding the UK's pandemic response. This data includes the questions for and responses to a survey of staff at a national helpline for victims of forced marriage. It also includes visualisations of the data made for the published report. COVID-19 and COVID-related decisions are having significant impacts on children and adults vulnerable to, and already experiencing, the crime of forced marriage. Our mixed-methods project will chart and understand this impact, inform evaluation of the UK's response to COVID-19, and shape on-going policy regarding the UK's pandemic response. We consider the uneven economic and social impact of the pandemic, and the ethical dimensions of unequal impacts of COVID-related decision-making, on this vulnerable group, and seek to impact how civil society and the voluntary sector support vulnerable people. The government's Forced Marriage Unit (FMU) and the charity Karma Nirvana (KN) (which provides a national forced marriage helpline) have warned about the significant impact of the pandemic on forced marriage in the UK. We designed this project with both organisations, and will work with them to analyse quantitative and qualitative data about the impact of COVID-19 on those at risk of, or experiencing, forced marriage; and to record and analyse the challenges faced in the pandemic, evaluate the efficacy of mitigation strategies, and formulate new policies and practises for protection and response. Within the first 6 months, we will have co-created an accurate account of the economic and social impact of COVID-19 and COVID-related decision-making on victims of forced marriage, and the ethical implications of unequal impacts. We will then continue to chart the changing risk environment, while co-developing policy reports and recommendations for the UK government (including FMU), NGO practice responses (including KN), and other stakeholders, to improve the on-going response to COVID-19 and build community resilience. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | None known as yet. There have been 22 data downloads and 49 page views since the dataset was published with the UK Data Service. |
| URL | https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=855890 |
| Description | Karma Nirvana - ESRC COVID Rapid Response collaboration |
| Organisation | Karma Nirvana |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | We are going to help process data from Karma Nirvana, and feed into their on-going policy on pandemic response. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Karma Nirvana are acting as 'gatekeepers' for our work, introducing us to key stakeholders, particularly survivors of forced marriage, and allowing us access to their data. |
| Impact | This research grant was written collaboratively, and Karma Nirvana contributed to the research design and research questions (two of their key members of staff are also Co-Investigators). They have invited both the PI and RA on their latest training for Honour Based Abuse, and we are running quarterly workshops with them to discuss data, analysis, findings and policy recommendations. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Appearance on BBC Wales programme on forced marriage |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | On 25 May I was interviewed for a BBC Wales programme about forced marriage (screened 26.5.21) and the impact of the pandemic. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m000whys/bbc-wales-live-26052021 |
| Description | Blog for Justice Everywhere |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I wrote a blog post for Justice Everywhere on forced marriage and COVID-19. I'm not sure how many people read the blog, but 1220 people saw my tweet about it on Twitter, and people engaged with it 16 times. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | http://justice-everywhere.org/international/forced-marriage-in-times-of-covid-19/ |
| Description | ESRC Festival of Social Science event |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | I held an online event as part of the ESRC Festival of Social Sciences. Over 30 people signed up, and over twenty attended. The talk was also recorded, to be shared later on my research website. The talk, which shared our findings so far, sparked good debate, and contact with another key stakeholder which we are following-up. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-people-at-risk-of-forced-marriage-in-the-uk... |
| Description | Gave talk at Global Partners online event on COVID-19's impact on trafficked women and girls |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | I was part of a panel of experts talking about the likely impact of COVID-19 on trafficking women and girls organised by Global Partners. This was broadcast live on YouTube, and also live-tweeted from their Twitter account. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZOHQYNbGys&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=GPG |
| Description | Hosted online event on impact of COVID-19 on efforts to combat human trafficking and modern slavery |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | I am guest editing a special edition of Journal of Modern Slavery on the impact of COVID-19 on efforts to combat modern slavery and human trafficking. I hosted an online event for all the authors, which was accessible to the public via an Eventbrite sign-up. We had speakers from all around the world (stretching from time zones GMT-7 to GMT+10:30) and an audience of researchers, practitioners, philanthropic funding bodies, and members of the general public. The event was videoed, and we hope to share it on the journal website soon. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | International Women's Day Event |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | I gave a talk to 15+ students from the School of Politics and IR, and more generally the University of Nottingham, on forced marriage. This sparked questions and discussion afterwards, and requests to get involved with the research in future. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://twitter.com/NottsPolitics/status/1496884220043710464 |
| Description | Participated in Public Policy Exchange Event |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | I spoke on a panel of experts (including Natasha Rattu, Payzee Mahmod, Charlotte Proudman, Pauline Latham MP, Hannah Siddiqui, and Baroness Judith Butler-Schloss) about preventing forced marriages, and improving identification and outcomes for victims, specifically about the impact of Covid-19 on these processes. There was good discussion in the Zoom chat and in Q&A, and a number of speakers and attendees reached out to me about the project afterwards. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://publicpolicyexchange.co.uk/event.php?eventUID=LF10-PPE&ss=bk&tg=bp1 |
| Description | Presented Findings to APPG on Honour Based Abuse |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | We circulated our "What we know now" report around the APPG for Honour Based Abuse, and presented our findings in person in a meeting at Westminster. We have been asked to share further findings in future. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Presenting as part of the University's Diversity Festival |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I presented along with other colleagues from the Rights Lab with COVID-19 related projects on our research and findings so far to around 25 staff and students from University of Nottingham (not all academics) as part of our Diversity Fesitval. This was also open to the public, and so not everyone was necessarily at UoN. There was good discussion, especially around properly understanding trauma associated with forced marriage and modern slavery. Follow-up emails were promised from others working on trauma and psychology. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Quarterly Stakeholder Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | We held the first of our planned stakeholder workshop with project partners. This allowed us to share data, discuss approaches to our methods and analysis, and plan next steps for the research project. It also led to our first publications - a research note on methodology and the first report from our data findings. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Second Quarterly Workshop - A workshop held at the Rights Lab, University of Nottingham, UK |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | This two-part workshop is the second of a series of quarterly workshops, which we promised as part of our mixed-methods project that looks to chart and understand the "impact of COVID-19 and COVID-related decision-making on people vulnerable to, and already experiencing, forced marriage, and on those tasked with tackling and preventing this crime". We held this second workshop with all project partners on 13 May 2021. We discussed our research progress, shared reflections on where we are in terms of the research progress and initial findings, and learnt from project partners about what Karma Nirvana and UK's Forced Marriage Unit doing as latest UK-wide lockdown has been eased. We also talked about what we can do as a next step after the lockdowns are lifted and schools have reopened. This workshop was held with the full research team with representations from the UK Forced Marriage Unit, Karma Nirvana, and the Rights Lab. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Talk at Cambridge Policy Fellow's Seminar Series |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | I was invited to give a talk to the Cambridge Policy Fellows Seminar Series on forced marriage. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.csap.cam.ac.uk/news/article-forced-marriage-fm-modern-slavery/ |
| Description | Talk given to Women's Staff Network, University of Nottingham |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | 20 people attended a lunchtime seminar as part of the Women's Staff Network (not a network I had previously known about at the University) on my research project. This sparked a number of questions, including an invitation to speak about forced marriage to student teachers in our Department of Education on forced marriage and things they should know and/or look out for once they start their professional careers. I have now signed up to give a presentation to next year's cohort. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |