A National Centre for Protein Kinase Profiling
Lead Research Organisation:
MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit
Department Name: UNLISTED
Abstract
Kinases are the largest family of enzymes present in human beings. They are involved in co-ordinating almost all the body s functions and their deregulation is a cause or consequence of many diseases. For this reason, kinases have become the major drug targets of the 21st Century. Ten drugs that prevent particular kinases from working have been approved for clinical use and have had a huge impact on the treatment of cancer, including one drug that essentially cures a form of leukaemia that previously was rapidly fatal. The purpose of this application is to obtain funding to maintain and improve a novel service that has been set up by the MRC Unit that I direct and which has proved to be of great value in speeding up the development of drugs in this area.
Technical Summary
Protein kinases have become the most studied class of drug target, with 30% of the R&D effort of the pharmaceutical industry now devoted to this topic. The challenge is to develop drugs that inhibit just one or at most a few of the 500 protein kinases encoded by the human genome. To assist this process, the MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit (MRC-PPU) introduced the idea of kinase profiling in which the specificities of hits identified by screening compound collections are rapidly profiled against a panel that currently comprises 80 protein kinases. This service has proved to be of critical importance to the pharmaceutical industry, has spawned a spin-out company in Dundee (the Upstate division of Millipore) that employs 70 people and created a new industry worth #200 million per annum worldwide. In recent years, the number of academic researchers operating drug discovery programmes has increased enormously and the kinase profiling service of the MRC-PPU has become vital in providing an affordable service for these organisations. The purpose of the application is therefore to provide the funding needed to set up a National Protein Kinase Profiling Centre for the academic community, MRCT and other organisations. Without such support the service to these users will not continue, because the pharmaceutical companies with whom the MRC-PPU collaborate and who have funded the service so far, now wish the funding for this resource to be used by the MRC-PPU to develop new services that are not yet commercially available.
People |
ORCID iD |
Publications
Akué-Gédu R
(2009)
Synthesis, kinase inhibitory potencies, and in vitro antiproliferative evaluation of new Pim kinase inhibitors.
in Journal of medicinal chemistry
Akué-Gédu R
(2010)
Synthesis, Pim kinase inhibitory potencies and in vitro antiproliferative activities of diversely substituted pyrrolo[2,3-a]carbazoles.
in Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry
Caster DJ
(2013)
ABIN1 dysfunction as a genetic basis for lupus nephritis.
in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
Clark K
(2011)
The TRAF-associated protein TANK facilitates cross-talk within the IkappaB kinase family during Toll-like receptor signaling.
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Clark K
(2011)
Novel cross-talk within the IKK family controls innate immunity.
in The Biochemical journal
Clark K
(2009)
Use of the pharmacological inhibitor BX795 to study the regulation and physiological roles of TBK1 and IkappaB kinase epsilon: a distinct upstream kinase mediates Ser-172 phosphorylation and activation.
in The Journal of biological chemistry
Clark K
(2013)
Molecular control of the NEMO family of ubiquitin-binding proteins.
in Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
Cohen P
(2014)
Immune diseases caused by mutations in kinases and components of the ubiquitin system.
in Nature immunology
Cohen P
(2014)
The TLR and IL-1 signalling network at a glance.
in Journal of cell science
Cohen P
(2013)
Kinase drug discovery--what's next in the field?
in ACS chemical biology
Cohen P
(2009)
Targeting protein kinases for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
in Current opinion in cell biology
Cohen P
(2009)
Guidelines for the effective use of chemical inhibitors of protein function to understand their roles in cell regulation.
in The Biochemical journal
Cozza G
(2009)
Quinalizarin as a potent, selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of protein kinase CK2.
in The Biochemical journal
Emmerich C
(2013)
Activation of the canonical IKK complex by K63/M1-linked hybrid ubiquitin chains
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Goh E
(2011)
Identification of the protein kinases that activate the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino 1 in the innate immune system
in Biochemical Journal
Kelsall I
(2022)
HOIL-1 ubiquitin ligase activity targets unbranched glucosaccharides and is required to prevent polyglucosan accumulation
in The EMBO Journal
Krishnan N
(2013)
The anti-inflammatory compound BAY-11-7082 is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases.
in The FEBS journal
Lin KM
(2014)
IRAK-1 bypasses priming and directly links TLRs to rapid NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Ordureau A
(2013)
DEAF1 is a Pellino1-interacting protein required for interferon production by Sendai virus and double-stranded RNA.
in The Journal of biological chemistry
Pagano MA
(2008)
The selectivity of inhibitors of protein kinase CK2: an update.
in The Biochemical journal
Pauls E
(2013)
Two phases of inflammatory mediator production defined by the study of IRAK2 and IRAK1 knock-in mice.
in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
Petrova T
(2022)
Why are the phenotypes of TRAF6 knock-in and TRAF6 knock-out mice so different?
in PloS one
Sarno S
(2011)
ATP site-directed inhibitors of protein kinase CK2: an update.
in Current topics in medicinal chemistry
Sarno S
(2012)
Structural features underlying the selectivity of the kinase inhibitors NBC and dNBC: role of a nitro group that discriminates between CK2 and DYRK1A.
in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
Smith H
(2011)
The role of TBK1 and IKKe in the expression and activation of Pellino 1.
in The Biochemical journal
Strickson S
(2013)
The anti-inflammatory drug BAY 11-7082 suppresses the MyD88-dependent signalling network by targeting the ubiquitin system.
in The Biochemical journal
Zhang J
(2014)
An unexpected twist to the activation of IKKß: TAK1 primes IKKß for activation by autophosphorylation.
in The Biochemical journal
| Title | MRC Technology compounds that inhibit the protein kinase TBK1 |
| Description | Small organic molecule. |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2011 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Pubmed 19307177 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21138416 |
| Title | Protein kinase inhibitors |
| Description | Chemical compounds that are relatively selective inhibitors of particular members of a family of enzymes called protein kinases. |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2011 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The development of these reagents has helped to advance our understanding of how the innate immune system is regulated and how the production of the inflammatory mediators needed to right infection by pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, is regulated. They have also helped us to advance our understanding of the cause of Parkinson's disease. |
| Title | Protein kinases |
| Description | Since 2006, The National Centre for Kinase Profiling has added 88 new protein kinases to its profiling panel bringing the total number in the panel to 140. |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2008 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The protein kinases that we have provided to the five pharmaceutical companies with whom we collaborate in the Division of Signal Transduction Therapy have been used to launch many new drug discovery programmes, particularly in the field of cancer. Several drugs have been developed that have entered human clinical trials. Kinase Profiling has become a £100M per annum industry. |
| Description | Protein kinase profiling for MRCT |
| Organisation | MRC-Technology |
| Department | MRCT Centre for Therapeutics Discovery (CTD) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Protein kinase profiling of the compounds developed by MRC Technology |
| Collaborator Contribution | MRC Technology developed more selective and drug like derivatives of BX 795, a compound that we identified as a potent inhibitor of the protein kinase TBK1. The compounds developed by MRCT have been very important in identifying novel physiological roles for TBK1. |
| Impact | Pubmed 19307177 |
| Start Year | 2007 |
| Title | Compound |
| Description | A first aspect of the invention relates to a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein: R1 is C3-8-cycloalkyl; X is O, NR7 or C3-6-heterocycloalkyl; R2 is aryl, heteroaryl, fused or unfused aryl-C3-6-heterocycloalkyl or fused or unfused heteroaryl-C3-6-heterocycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more substitutents selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl and a group A, wherein said C1-6-alkyl group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from aryl, heteroaryl, R10 and a group A, said heteroaryl group is optionally substituted by one or more R10 groups; and wherein said C3-6-heterocycloalkyl group optionally contains one or more groups selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and CO; R3 is C1-6-alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from aryl, heteroaryl, -NR4R5, -OR6, -NR7(CO)R6, -NR7(CO)NR4R5, -NR7SO2R6, -NR7COOR7, -CONR4R5, C3-6-heterocycloalkyl and wherein R4-7 and A are as defined in the claims. Further aspects relate to the use of said compounds in the treatment of various therapeutic disorders, and more particularly as inhibitors of one or more kinases. |
| IP Reference | US2010056524 |
| Protection | Patent granted |
| Year Protection Granted | 2010 |
| Licensed | No |
| Impact | None |
| Title | NOVEL PYRROLO [2,3-A] CARBAZOLES AND USE THEREOF AS PIM KINASE INHIBITORS |
| Description | The invention relates to pyrrolo [2, 3 -a] carbazole derivatives, to a method for preparing the same, and to the use thereof as PIM kinase inhibitors. The invention can particularly be used in the pharmaceutical field. |
| IP Reference | WO2010000978 |
| Protection | Patent application published |
| Year Protection Granted | 2010 |
| Licensed | No |
| Impact | None |
| Title | PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES CAPABLE OF INHIBITING ONE OR MORE KINASES |
| Description | A first aspect of the invention relates to a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, formula (I): wherein: R1 is C3-8-cycloalkyl; X is O, NR7 or C3-6-heterocycloalkyl; R2 is aryl, heteroaryl, fused or unfused aryl-C3-6-heterocycloalkyl or fused or unfused heteroaryl-C3-6-heterocycIoalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more substitutents selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C1-6-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl and a group A, wherein said C1-6-alkyl group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from aryl, heteroaryl, R10 and a group A, said heteroaryl group is optionally substituted by one or more R10 groups; and wherein said C3-6-heterocycloalkyl group optionally contains one or more groups selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and CO; R3 is C1-6-alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from aryl, heteroaryl, -NR4R5, -OR6, -NR7(CO)R6, -NR7(CO)NR4R5, -NR7SO2R6, -NR7COOR7, -CONR4R5, C3-6-heterocycloalkyl and formula (a, b, c): wherein R4-7 and A are as defined in the claims. Further aspects relate to the use of said compounds in the treatment of various therapeutic disorders, and more particularly as inhibitors of one or more kinases. |
| IP Reference | WO2009122180 |
| Protection | Patent application published |
| Year Protection Granted | 2009 |
| Licensed | No |
| Impact | NA |
| Title | PYRROLOPYRIMIDINES USED AS KINASE INHIBITORS |
| Description | The invention relates to a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein: R1 is -NR7(CO)R11; R2 is aryl, heteroaryl, fused aryl-C3-6-heterocycloalkyl or fused heteroaryl-C3-6- heterocycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted; each R7 is selected from hydrogen, C1-6-alkyl and C3-7-cycloalkyl, wherein said C1-6-alkyl is optionally substituted by one or more halogens; each R11 is independently selected from C1-6-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyl-C3-7-cycloalkyl, C^-heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted. Further aspects of the invention relate to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods for treating or preventing a disorder selected from cancer, septic shock, Primary open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), hyperplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, artherosclerosis, retinopathy, osteoarthritis, endometriosis, chronic inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a compound as described above in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a disorder caused by, associated with or accompanied by any abnormal kinase activity, wherein the kinase is selected from TBK1, ERK8, CDK2, MARK3, YES1, VEG-FR, IKKepsilon and combinations thereof. |
| IP Reference | WO2010100431 |
| Protection | Patent application published |
| Year Protection Granted | 2010 |
| Licensed | No |
| Impact | NA |
| Title | TETRAHYDROCYCLOPENTA[C]ACRIDINE DERIVATIVES AS KINASE INHIBITORS AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS THEREOF |
| Description | The invention relates to kinase inhibitors of the formula (I) in which - R1 to R4 = H; ether or polyether, amino; NO2; NH- carbamate; NH-CO-R, with R such as defined above; N3 and derivatives thereof of the 1, 2, 3-triazole type; - R5 = -OH; halogen; -OR with R such as defined above; OH-carbamate; OH-carbonate; NH2, NH-carbamate; NH-CO-R, with R such as defined above; N3 and derivatives thereof of the 1, 2, 3-triazole type; N(R9, R10); - R5' = H or a C1-C12 alkyl, - R6 = H; R; (R or R')3-Si, with R such as defined above; optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl; halogen (iodine); alkynyl; - R7 and R8 = H, C1-C12 alkyl; - R9 and R10 = H, R (or R') such as defined above. These compounds can be used as kinase inhibitors in particular for treating cancer. |
| IP Reference | WO2009090623 |
| Protection | Patent application published |
| Year Protection Granted | 2009 |
| Licensed | No |
| Impact | None |
| Title | Inhibitors of protein kinases |
| Description | The compounds have been developed with several purposes in mind. Firstly, as research tools that will enhance the research of my laboratory aimed at understanding how the innate immune system is controlled and how it can be modulated by drugs to treat inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. Secondly, to validate the protein kinases that are inhibited by these compounds as drug targets for the treatment of disease. Thirdly, as tools to help the research of many other laboratories. |
| Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Drug |
| Current Stage Of Development | Initial development |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2011 |
| Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
| Impact | We helped GlaxoSmithKline to launch the Drug Discovery Programme that led to the approval of the drug Dabrafenib for the treatment of malignant melanoma in 2013. |
| Title | Inhibitors of the protein kinase TBK1 |
| Description | Potent and specific inhibitor of TBK1 with therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease and/or cancer. |
| Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Drug |
| Current Stage Of Development | Initial development |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2009 |
| Development Status | On hold |
| Impact | Nothing further to add. |
| Description | 8th World Conference on Waldenstrom's Lymphoma |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | On the evening of August 16th Philip Cohen gave the closing lecture of the 8th International Workshop on Waldenstrom's Lymphoma in the Churchill rooms of the Houses of Parliament in London. Waldenstrom's lymphoma is caused by mutations in the protein MyD88, and 95% of the patients who are afflicted by this disease express the same mutant in which the leucine residue at position 265 is changed to proline. MyD88 is an essential adaptor protein in the signalling networks that are triggered by the binding of bacterial and viral components to Toll-Like Receptors or by the interaction of interleukins 1, 18 and 33 with their receptors. Philip's talk to an audience that mainly comprised patients with Waldenstrom's lymphoma, their physicians, relatives and friends, focused on how MyD88 was discovered, and its key role in the innate immune system that is vital for protection against infection by microbial pathogens, especially during childhood. He also explained how the hyper-activation of the MyD88-dependent signalling network can lead to autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, and how its constitutive activation caused by the MyD88[Leu265Pro] mutation leads to lymphoma. The talk was followed by a formal dinner in the Churchill rooms, at which Philip and Tricia Cohen were the guests of honour. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Interview with ZDF (German National Public Broadcasting) Regarding Scottish Referendum |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | ZDF wished to interview Professor Cohen regarding the risks for life sciences in an independent Scotland for their European affairs programme that wished to discuss an economic case for and against independence. Sir Philip's signature on an open letter and viewpoints expressed, while his own, brought to light in the general public, the potential deleterious impact a 'Yes' vote would have had upon Scottish scientific research funding. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| URL | http://www.zdf.de/ZDFmediathek#/hauptnavigation/startseite |
| Description | New Drugs for the 21st Century |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | "Philip Cohen gave a talk about kinase drug discovery to the Scotland International Group at the Gleneagles Hotel Scotland on Friday November 29th 2013. Entitled "New Drugs for the 21st Century". The audience of 60 included the CEOs and CFOs of 20% of the UK's FTSE 100 companies, the Brazilian and Russian Ambassadors, the former UK Ambassador to the USA, the former Secretary General of NATO), Sir the former head of UK Government Operations, and Scotland's only two billionaires." Sir Philip's talk stimulated much discussion as he recounted the research being undertaken in Dundee and the potential of many of the targets torwards therapeutic development. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| Description | Public Lectures |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I gave public lectures at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA and at the Dundee Science Festival. Several hundred members of the general public attended each lecture. As a result of the lecture at the University of Washington a Wikipedia was developed about the Division of Signal Transduction Therapy in which the National Centre for Kinase Profiling is located. After the Dundee Science Festival lecture several schoolchildren who were in the audience came to talk to me and indicated that they hoped to make science their career. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2010 |
| Description | Scotland: For Richer or Poorer? |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Professor Sir Philip Cohen will be featured on Robert Peston's BBC2 Documentary 'Scotland: For Richer or Poorer' airing tonight at 9pm on BBC2. How will independence affect Dundee's reputation for excellence in life sciences? Sir Philip's signature on an open letter and viewpoints expressed, while his own, brought to light in the general public, the potential deleterious impact a 'Yes' vote would have had upon Scottish scientific research funding. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b049b89z/scotland-for-richer-or-poorer |
| Description | Scottish Referendum - Open Letter |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | "A group of eminent Scottish medical experts have warned that independence would seriously damage research funding for Scotland's universities and medical schools. The open letter from 14 experts, including senior staff from all five of the country's main medical schools, said they had ""grave concerns"" that Scotland's world-leading biomedical and life sciences research would suffer if Scotland ""sleepwalks"" into leaving the UK. The letter, coordinated by Sir David Carter, a former chief medical officer in Scotland, said Scottish universities did disproportionately well out of the UK's research funding system and from the UK's charitable and medical foundation grants. " Sir Philip's signature on an open letter and viewpoints expressed, while his own, brought to light in the general public, the potential deleterious impact a 'Yes' vote would have had upon Scottish scientific research funding. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| URL | http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/may/23/scottish-independence-research-funding-medical-exper... |
| Description | Student's important protein discovery could help fight cancer |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Jiazhen Zhang, a research student in Professor Sir Philip Cohen's laboratory at the University of Dundee, has uncovered how the protein complex, called NF-?B, is activated. The results are published in July, 2014. Research being undertaken in the Cohen lab was discussed by the broader lay community in an effort to share the impact of these studies |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
| URL | http://news.stv.tv/tayside/282195-jiazhen-zhang-at-university-of-dundee-publishes-research-on-nf-b/ |