Definition and induction of broadly protective responses against HIV-1
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Oxford
Department Name: The Jenner Institute
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress achieved in decreasing HIV transmission and AIDS-related deaths in the last decade due to development of over 30 antiretroviral drugs, HIV continues to spread in a virtually uncontrolled manner. An effective HIV vaccine remains one of the priorities of HIV/AIDS research and will always be the best solution and likely key to any strategy for halting the AIDS epidemic. The biggest challenge in developing such a vaccine is the enormous HIV variability, which dwarfs that of any other virus except hepatitis C virus. However, all parts of HIV cannot easily change; to remain alive, HIV has to keep some smaller regions of its proteins more or less constant to maintain function. Our vaccine strategy takes advantage of this and focuses the body defenses on these conserved parts of HIV, its Achilles heel. Because conserved regions are common to most of the global HIV variants, the vaccine, if successful, could be used in Africa, Asia, Europe, America and Australia: it would be universal. The 1st generation conserved-region vaccine was very safe and induced strong immune responses in adult volunteers in the UK and Africa. In 2014, the pharmaceutical company GSK acquired a small biotech company, which developed one of the benign viruses we used for vaccine delivery, and unilaterally decided that we could no longer use the jointly owned vaccine in high risk people. Thus we needed to switch to an alternative vaccine virus and this provided an opportunity to also substantially improve the 1st generation vaccine. These modifications are based on our experience from human vaccine testing and other developments in the HIV vaccine field over the last 10 years since its original design. Thus, the 2nd generation vaccine was born, using a new vaccine virus (ChAdOx1) owned by Oxford University and combining conserved regions with computer-designed proteins (mosaics), which significantly increase the vaccine match to global HIV variants. (Note that even the highly conserved regions are still somewhat variable.) Vaccines should match circulating HIVs as much as possible to stop them efficiently. The 2nd generation vaccines have been constructed, shown to induce strong immune responses in animal models and are now bound for testing in human volunteers. The requested funds will allow to us see how well the 2nd generation vaccine works in trying to get rid of HIV from already infected individuals and for larger scale testing in HIV-1 negative healthy volunteers in Africa. The latter study will aim first evidence that the vaccine can stop HIV from infecting healthy people. The funding will also allow clinical testing of the vaccine enabling further improvements including some new aimed at keeping ahead of HIV.
Technical Summary
Development of an effective vaccine against HIV/AIDS remains one of the top global health priorities even in the context of broader prevention landscape. It is generally accepted that development of HIV vaccine is a gradual iterative process that will take many years. It is very positive that significant inroads have been made into identifying what constitutes both protective T cells and broadly neutralizing Abs (bnAb) for this most difficult of vaccines.
The biggest challenges for vaccines are HIV variability and escape. Compelling evidence for an important role of CD8 T cells in controlling HIV has accumulated over the last 30 years. My group is taking a multipronged approach to HIV T-cell vaccine development combining our experimental data with novel vaccine strategies. The hypothesis we pursue is that focusing T cells on the functionally conserved regions of HIV proteins will enable early control or elimination of the transmitted/reactivated viruses. To achieve this, the vaccines must match as much as possible all HIV variants and the T cells must be robust enough to stay strong when facing natural infection, altering the natural immunodominance.
This PG Renewal will support a team of scientists led by Tomas Hanke, who are at the heart of a highly rational and promising T-cell vaccine approach. We demonstrated the concept of the conserved region strategy in European and African HIV seronegative adults and also in infected patients on ART. We are now adding a new element to the vaccine, the mosaic concept and are moving towards testing this much improved 2nd generation vaccine for HIV cure and small efficacy trials. The aim for the latter will be to complement induction of Abs when bnAb vaccines remain suboptimal. In the next 5 years, we will develop next generation of vaccine vectors and immunogens; evaluate the induction and role of non-canonical CD8 T cells for human vaccine use; asses the role of conserved T-cell responses in HIV cure and prevention.
The biggest challenges for vaccines are HIV variability and escape. Compelling evidence for an important role of CD8 T cells in controlling HIV has accumulated over the last 30 years. My group is taking a multipronged approach to HIV T-cell vaccine development combining our experimental data with novel vaccine strategies. The hypothesis we pursue is that focusing T cells on the functionally conserved regions of HIV proteins will enable early control or elimination of the transmitted/reactivated viruses. To achieve this, the vaccines must match as much as possible all HIV variants and the T cells must be robust enough to stay strong when facing natural infection, altering the natural immunodominance.
This PG Renewal will support a team of scientists led by Tomas Hanke, who are at the heart of a highly rational and promising T-cell vaccine approach. We demonstrated the concept of the conserved region strategy in European and African HIV seronegative adults and also in infected patients on ART. We are now adding a new element to the vaccine, the mosaic concept and are moving towards testing this much improved 2nd generation vaccine for HIV cure and small efficacy trials. The aim for the latter will be to complement induction of Abs when bnAb vaccines remain suboptimal. In the next 5 years, we will develop next generation of vaccine vectors and immunogens; evaluate the induction and role of non-canonical CD8 T cells for human vaccine use; asses the role of conserved T-cell responses in HIV cure and prevention.
Planned Impact
Who will benefit from this research?
Since the first report of AIDS in 1981, an estimated 60,000,000 people have become infected with HIV-1, of whom some 25,000,000 have died. Over 90% of new infections take place in countries with limited resources. Globally the rate of new infections has decreased by 33% since year 2001. Nevertheless in 2013, still 240,000 children became newly infected with HIV-1 and 50 young women became infected every hour, thus a control of the HIV-1 epidemic remains one of the global health priorities.
Effective preventive vaccine against HIV-1 can avert millions of new infections, empower women, protect children, circumvent the stigma facing men-who-have-sex-with-men, and help many other beyond the reach of today's HIV-1 treatment and prevention options. Millions of already infected people around the word will benefit from HIV cure, either functional (drug-free control of HIV-1) or sterile (complete elimination of the virus from the body).
How will they benefit from this research?
ART has revolutionized survival, but is far from an ideal solution, because antiretroviral drugs are not available on a regular reliable basis in many resource-poor settings, they have long-term side effects, their effective use requires rigorous daily compliance and the circulating and/or transmitted viruses develop resistance. In any case, ART alone is unable to eradicate the virus because of an inaccessible pool of HIV-1-infected cells, in which the virus is dormant (the proviral reservoir). Thus, with or without reactivation by latency reverting agents, effective T-cell vaccine will be a key to HIV cure. The gained understanding and approach stimulating CD8+ T cells specific for conserved regions, would be greatly preferable to simply reactivating the pre-antiretroviral treatment T-cell responses that had failed to control the virus. Similarly, efficient and early recognition of transmitted/founder viruses will control the virus spread and prevent damage to the immune system in healthy exposed individual. Our strategy is applicable to other immunological problems where variability is a major roadblock in developing effective preventive or therapeutic tools.
The MRC Programme Grant Renewal proposes science on the forefront of the biotechnology engineering and HIV-1 vaccine development, thus strengthening the UK's world-class excellence in science, fostering industrial leadership to support business including innovation by small and medium-sized enterprises (Immune Design (US), Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility) and even big Pharma will become re-engagement if a real promise is observed in an efficacy trial. Bioengineering is a proven driver of a long-term sustainability and economic growth, we shall demonstrate the feasibility and functional validation of novel designs and biotechnologies developed by academia and manufactured by industries, spur scientific innovation across a broad sector of public and animal health and contribute to educated societal debates on issues associated with novel biotechnologies.
Ultimately, vaccine research will provide a basis for clinical decision making and policy-making for governments, policy-makers and advocates to develop evidence-based policies and advocacy aiming at prioritizing investments in HIV-1 research (clinical and basic science), allowing for an efficient use of limited funds, supporting research that has a greater potential to deliver results at population level.
Since the first report of AIDS in 1981, an estimated 60,000,000 people have become infected with HIV-1, of whom some 25,000,000 have died. Over 90% of new infections take place in countries with limited resources. Globally the rate of new infections has decreased by 33% since year 2001. Nevertheless in 2013, still 240,000 children became newly infected with HIV-1 and 50 young women became infected every hour, thus a control of the HIV-1 epidemic remains one of the global health priorities.
Effective preventive vaccine against HIV-1 can avert millions of new infections, empower women, protect children, circumvent the stigma facing men-who-have-sex-with-men, and help many other beyond the reach of today's HIV-1 treatment and prevention options. Millions of already infected people around the word will benefit from HIV cure, either functional (drug-free control of HIV-1) or sterile (complete elimination of the virus from the body).
How will they benefit from this research?
ART has revolutionized survival, but is far from an ideal solution, because antiretroviral drugs are not available on a regular reliable basis in many resource-poor settings, they have long-term side effects, their effective use requires rigorous daily compliance and the circulating and/or transmitted viruses develop resistance. In any case, ART alone is unable to eradicate the virus because of an inaccessible pool of HIV-1-infected cells, in which the virus is dormant (the proviral reservoir). Thus, with or without reactivation by latency reverting agents, effective T-cell vaccine will be a key to HIV cure. The gained understanding and approach stimulating CD8+ T cells specific for conserved regions, would be greatly preferable to simply reactivating the pre-antiretroviral treatment T-cell responses that had failed to control the virus. Similarly, efficient and early recognition of transmitted/founder viruses will control the virus spread and prevent damage to the immune system in healthy exposed individual. Our strategy is applicable to other immunological problems where variability is a major roadblock in developing effective preventive or therapeutic tools.
The MRC Programme Grant Renewal proposes science on the forefront of the biotechnology engineering and HIV-1 vaccine development, thus strengthening the UK's world-class excellence in science, fostering industrial leadership to support business including innovation by small and medium-sized enterprises (Immune Design (US), Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility) and even big Pharma will become re-engagement if a real promise is observed in an efficacy trial. Bioengineering is a proven driver of a long-term sustainability and economic growth, we shall demonstrate the feasibility and functional validation of novel designs and biotechnologies developed by academia and manufactured by industries, spur scientific innovation across a broad sector of public and animal health and contribute to educated societal debates on issues associated with novel biotechnologies.
Ultimately, vaccine research will provide a basis for clinical decision making and policy-making for governments, policy-makers and advocates to develop evidence-based policies and advocacy aiming at prioritizing investments in HIV-1 research (clinical and basic science), allowing for an efficient use of limited funds, supporting research that has a greater potential to deliver results at population level.
Organisations
- University of Oxford (Lead Research Organisation)
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) (Collaboration)
- Moderna (Collaboration)
- BioNTech AG (Collaboration)
- Kumamoto University (Collaboration)
- Nouscom AG (Collaboration)
- Amsterdam Medical Center (Collaboration)
- SPOREGEN LIMITED (Collaboration)
- Oregon Health and Science University (Collaboration)
- University of Pennsylvania (Collaboration)
- Duke University Medical Centre (Collaboration)
- Public Health Agency of Canada (Collaboration)
- Stellenbosch University (Collaboration)
- University of Pittsburgh (Collaboration)
- Johns Hopkins University (Collaboration)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (Collaboration)
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS (Collaboration)
- Medical Research Council (MRC) (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI (Collaboration)
- University of Bristol (Collaboration)
- San Raffaele Hospital (Collaboration)
- United States Agency for International Development (Collaboration)
- Royal Holloway, University of London (Collaboration)
- University of Plymouth (Collaboration)
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Collaboration)
- IDT Biologika GmbH (Collaboration)
- Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (Collaboration)
- IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD (Collaboration)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Collaboration)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (Collaboration)
- European AIDS Vaccine Initiative 2020 (EAVI2020) (Collaboration)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (Collaboration)
- Advent S.r.l (Collaboration)
- AELIX Therapeutics (Collaboration)
- University of Georgia (Collaboration)
- IrsiCaixa Institute for AIDS Research (Collaboration)
- Oxford BioMedica UK Ltd (Collaboration)
Publications
Zou C
(2019)
Effective Suppression of HIV-1 Replication by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Specific for Pol Epitopes in Conserved Mosaic Vaccine Immunogens.
in Journal of virology
Yang H
(2021)
Incoming HIV virion-derived Gag Spacer Peptide 2 (p1) is a target of effective CD8+ T cell antiviral responses.
in Cell reports
Woods E
(2021)
Specific human cytomegalovirus signature detected in NK cell metabolic changes post vaccination
in npj Vaccines
Wee EG
(2021)
Effect of epitope variant co-delivery on the depth of CD8 T cell responses induced by HIV-1 conserved mosaic vaccines.
in Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development
Wee EG
(2019)
Parallel Induction of CH505 B Cell Ontogeny-Guided Neutralizing Antibodies and tHIVconsvX Conserved Mosaic-Specific T Cells against HIV-1.
in Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development
Wee EG
(2017)
HIV-1 Conserved Mosaics Delivered by Regimens with Integration-Deficient DC-Targeting Lentiviral Vector Induce Robust T Cells.
in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy
Wee EG
(2022)
Erratum: Parallel Induction of CH505 B Cell Ontogeny-Guided Neutralizing Antibodies and tHIVconsvX Conserved Mosaic-Specific T Cells against HIV-1.
in Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development
Vijayan KKV
(2022)
Early Post-Vaccination Gene Signatures Correlate With the Magnitude and Function of Vaccine-Induced HIV Envelope-Specific Plasma Antibodies in Infant Rhesus Macaques.
in Frontiers in immunology
Ternette N
(2015)
Defining the HLA class I-associated viral antigen repertoire from HIV-1-infected human cells
in European Journal of Immunology
Ström P
(2016)
A statistical approach to determining responses to individual peptides from pooled-peptide ELISpot data.
in Journal of immunological methods
| Description | Evidence before T cells play an important role in the control of HIV infection and may be particularly useful for HIV-1 cure by killing cells with reactivated HIV-1. Evidence is emerging that not all T-cell responses are protective and only those targeting conserved regions of HIV-1 proteins are effective, but typically immunologically subdominant, while those recognizing hypervariable, easy-to-escape immunodominant 'decoys' do not control viremia and do not protect from a loss of CD4 T cells. We pioneered a vaccine strategy focusing T-cell responses on the most conserved regions of the HIV-1 proteome using an immunogen designated HIVconsv. T cells elicited by the HIVconsv vaccines in HIV-uninfected UK and Kenyan adults inhibited in vitro replication of HIV-1 isolates from 4 major global clades A, B, C and D. Added value Under the present award, we demonstrated the concept that epitopes subdominant in natural infection, when taken out of the context of the whole HIV-1 proteome and presented to the immune system by a potent simian adenovirus prime-poxvirus MVA boost regimen, can induce strong responses in patients on antiretroviral treatment and efficiently refocus HIV-1-specific T-cells to the protective epitopes delivered by the vaccine. Implications of all the available evidence Nearly all HIV-1 vaccine strategies currently emphasise induction of broadly neutralizing Abs. The HIVconsv vaccine is one of a very few approaches focussing exclusively on elicitation of T cells and, therefore, can complement antibody induction for better prevention and cure. Given the cross-clade reach on the HIVconsv immunogen design, if efficient, the HIVconsv vaccines could be deployed globally. Effective vaccines will likely be a necessary component in combination with other available preventive measures for halting the HIV-1/AIDS epidemic. |
| Exploitation Route | Depending on the data from each stage of testing, the vaccine strategy is being taken toward assessment of preventive and therapeutic efficacy. |
| Sectors | Healthcare |
| URL | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/myncbi/1xIGqrtdUVlkf/bibliography/48269782/public/?sort=date&direction=ascending |
| Description | We have generated employment in several African coutries |
| First Year Of Impact | 2017 |
| Sector | Education,Healthcare |
| Impact Types | Cultural,Societal,Economic |
| Description | AIDS International Collaborative Research Project of Joint Research Centre for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University and University of Oxford |
| Amount | £300,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | N/A |
| Organisation | The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | Japan |
| Start | 04/2020 |
| End | 03/2022 |
| Description | Assessing HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in vaccine studies" |
| Amount | $150,000 (USD) |
| Funding ID | INV-046661 subcontract from UCSF |
| Organisation | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United States |
| Start | 12/2022 |
| End | 11/2024 |
| Description | CHAVI-ID (Duke) |
| Amount | $100,000 (USD) |
| Organisation | National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United States |
| Start | 01/2016 |
| End | 06/2017 |
| Description | EDCTP2 SRIA2015 |
| Amount | € 7,100,000 (EUR) |
| Funding ID | SRIA2015-1066 |
| Organisation | Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) |
| Department | European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Start | 01/2017 |
| End | 12/2023 |
| Description | MARTIN DELANEY COLLABORATORY TOWARDS HIV-1 CURE: The Collaboratory of AIDS Researchers for Eradication (CARE) |
| Amount | £4,600,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 1 UM1AI126619-01 |
| Organisation | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United States |
| Start | 07/2016 |
| End | 06/2021 |
| Description | Manufacture of simian adenovirus vaccine by ABL a Advent |
| Amount | $1,500,000 (USD) |
| Funding ID | Prime Contract: HHSN272201100021I/HHSN27200037 Subcontract: OX-14007-004-0037-212 |
| Organisation | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United States |
| Start | 10/2019 |
| End | 12/2020 |
| Description | NIAID VDRG |
| Amount | $554,705 (USD) |
| Funding ID | OX-14007-044-0037-212 |
| Organisation | Advanced BioScience Laboratories Inc |
| Sector | Private |
| Country | United States |
| Start | 09/2016 |
| End | 08/2019 |
| Description | Phase I therapeutic testing of viral-vectored vaccines that shift CD8+ T cell immunodominance to conserved regions of HIV-1 |
| Amount | $5,000,000 (USD) |
| Funding ID | U01 AI131310-01 |
| Organisation | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United States |
| Start | 07/2016 |
| End | 06/2021 |
| Description | SBRI Vaccines for Global Epidemics - Preclinical Stage 1 |
| Amount | £500,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | 86912-Â-544150 |
| Organisation | Department of Health (DH) |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 04/2017 |
| End | 03/2018 |
| Title | EDCTP2 - Capacity building at 5 African sites |
| Description | Building capacity for a future efficacy trial by engaging already identified populations with documented high-risk to circulating HIV-1 from diverse clades despite preventive interventions |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2016 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | Our work realizes capacity building projects, which take place at African Clinical Research Centers (CRC) with the aim of preparing them for participation in the proposed phase 2a vaccine trial and future HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials. Thus, at CRCs in Kenya, Uganda and Zambia, and also in Tanzania through the Lake Victoria Consortium for Health Research, capacity building takes place with the following objectives: • To strengthen clinical capacity for the proposed phase 2a vaccine trial though the training of personnel, procuring equipment and updating infrastructure as needed. • To build a sustainable platform for future HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials by expanding clinical and laboratory infrastructure and establishing field-based clinical and laboratory capacity. • To ensure the availability of diverse, well-characterized key populations and the ability to ethically engage them in a future HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial through formative research, community outreach and enhanced community engagement models, which will ensure good participatory practice. |
| Title | Identification of HLA-E binding peptides |
| Description | Non-classical class Ib MHC-E molecule is becoming an increasingly interesting component of the immune response. It is involved in both the adaptive and innate immune responses to several chronic infections including HIV-1 and, under very specific circumstances, likely mediated a unique vaccine protection of rhesus macaques against pathogenic SIV challenge. Despite being recently in the spotlight for HIV-1 vaccine development, to date there is only one reported human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E-binding peptide derived from HIV-1. In an effort to help start understanding the possible functions of HLA-E in HIV-1 infection, we determined novel HLA-E binding peptides derived from HIV-1 Gag, Pol and Vif proteins. These peptides were identified in three independent assays, all quantifying cell-surface stabilization of HLA-E*01:01 or HLA-E*01:03 molecules upon peptide binding, which was detected by HLA-E-specific monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry. Thus, following initial screen of over 400 HIV-1-derived 15-mer peptides, 4 novel 9-mer peptides PM9, RL9, RV9 and TP9 derived from 15-mer binders specifically stabilized surface expression of HLA-E*01:03 on the cell surface in two separate assays and 5 other binding candidates EI9, MD9, NR9, QF9 and YG9 gave a binding signal in only one of the two assays, but not both. Overall, we have expanded the current knowledge of HIV-1-derived target peptides stabilizing HLA-E cell-surface expression from 1 to 5, thus broadening inroads for future studies. This is a small, but significant contribution towards studying the fine mechanisms behind HLA-E actions and their possible use in development of a new kind of vaccines. |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Mainly academic - New tools for studying the role of HLA-e functions |
| Title | Mapping of subdominant HLA-class I and II-restricted T cell epitopes |
| Description | we define novel protective T-cell epitopes subdominant in natural HIV infection. |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2017 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Mainly academic - We contribute to the collection of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell determinants in HIV-1, which will drive iterative vaccine improvements especially in the light of the increasingly recognized important roles of T cells in the generation of protective anti-HIV-1 responses. |
| Title | Romidespin + vaccine - signal of post-antiretroviral treatment control of rebound HIV |
| Description | BCN 02 was an open-label, single-arm, phase I clinical trial, which enrolled 15 early-treated HIV-1-infected individuals and tested the combination of histone-deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin, a latency-reversing agent, and the MVA.HIVconsv vaccine. |
| Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - human |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Results from this pilot study show that the kick&kill intervention was safe and suggest a role for this strategy in achieving an immune-driven durable viremic control. |
| Title | Vorinostat in the first randomised, double blind trial of kick-and-kill HIV cure |
| Description | The first randomised, double blind trial of kick-and-kill HIV cure. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) cannot cure HIV infection because of a persistent reservoir of latently infected cells. Approaches that force HIV transcription from these cells, making them susceptible to killing-termed kick and kill regimens-have been explored as a strategy towards an HIV cure. RIVER is the first randomised trial to determine the effect of ART-only versus ART plus kick and kill on markers of the HIV reservoir. |
| Type Of Material | Model of mechanisms or symptoms - human |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | This kick-and-kill approach conferred no significant benefit compared with ART alone on measures of the HIV reservoir. Although this does not disprove the efficacy kick and kill strategy, for future trials enhancement of both kick and kill agents will be required. |
| Title | Clinical trial data management |
| Description | Each clinical trial developed Data Management databases based on OpenClinical, REDCap or used EMMES |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2010 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Mainly academic as a guidance for other/future trials |
| Description | Adenovirus vaccine splicing |
| Organisation | University of Bristol |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We have constructed candidate HIV vaccines vectored by ChAdOx1 |
| Collaborator Contribution | We provided our tested candidate vaccine to analyse the splicing pattern of vaccine-derived mRNA, the expertise of Bristol |
| Impact | Manuscript in preparation |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | Advent vaccine Manufacturing project |
| Organisation | Advent S.r.l |
| Country | Italy |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Provision of starting material and guidance throughout the manufacturing process GMP manufacture of two simian (chimpanzee) adenovirus-vectored vaccines |
| Collaborator Contribution | Pre-GMP development |
| Impact | non yet |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Clinical trial ACTG5374 |
| Organisation | Gilead Sciences, Inc. |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Provision of 3 GMP IMPDs and the used of 1 GMP IMPD, trial design, clinical expertise, trials analysis. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Provision of three GMP reagents, clinical sites, patient cohort, clinical expertise |
| Impact | In preparation |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Clinical trial ACTG5374 |
| Organisation | University of Pittsburgh |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision of 3 GMP IMPDs and the used of 1 GMP IMPD, trial design, clinical expertise, trials analysis. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Provision of three GMP reagents, clinical sites, patient cohort, clinical expertise |
| Impact | In preparation |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Collaboratory of AIDS Researchers for Eradication (CARE) |
| Organisation | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provide the second generation tHIVconsvX vaccines |
| Collaborator Contribution | A small therapeutic trial in HIV patients will be run |
| Impact | Early days |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Construction of CMV-vectored vaccines and pre-clinical studies |
| Organisation | Oregon Health and Science University |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Design and provision of two synthetic genes coding for tSIVconsv239 and tSIVconsvE660 Construction of chimp Adenovirus and MAV vectored vaccines carrying the tSIVconsv genes |
| Collaborator Contribution | Construction of CMV.tSIVconsv239 and CMV.tSIVconsvE660 and immunogenicty study in primates |
| Impact | Experiments are completed, publication under preparation |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | DC 04: Comparison of Dendri/c Cell--Based Therapeu/c Vaccine Strategies for HIV Func/onal Cure |
| Organisation | University of Pittsburgh |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Design of peptides used in the clinical trials, trial design and outcome analysis |
| Collaborator Contribution | Run a clinical trial and the outcome assays |
| Impact | no output yet |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Design of 2nd generation conserved mosaic tHIVconsvX vaccines |
| Organisation | Los Alamos National Laboratory |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Computer design of the 2nd generation conserved mosaic T-cell immunogens (tHIVconsvX). Join vaccine development |
| Collaborator Contribution | Designed the 2 mosaics used and helped to select the conserved regions oh the HIV -1 proteome. Analysis of vaccine-elicited T-cell responses |
| Impact | 2nd generation vaccine - so far pre-clinical grade constructed A joint Patent between UOXF/ISIS and LANL |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | Development of A.I.R. vectored vaccines |
| Organisation | BioNTech AG |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | We contributed the immunogen design and carried out pre-clinical immunogenicity |
| Collaborator Contribution | Published |
| Impact | Promising mouse immunogenicity of the mRNA platform |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Development of a RCMV vaccine against filoviruses |
| Organisation | Los Alamos National Laboratory |
| Department | Theoretical Biology and Biophysics |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | We provide vaccines immunogens FILOcepX and shall test the vaccines in pre-clinical models |
| Collaborator Contribution | Construct RCMV.FILOcepX vaccines |
| Impact | early stages |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Development of a RCMV vaccine against filoviruses |
| Organisation | University of Plymouth |
| Department | Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We provide vaccines immunogens FILOcepX and shall test the vaccines in pre-clinical models |
| Collaborator Contribution | Construct RCMV.FILOcepX vaccines |
| Impact | early stages |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Development of mRNA-Liponanoparticle vaccines |
| Organisation | University of Pennsylvania |
| Department | Perelman School of Medicine |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Vaccine design and preclinical immunogenicity |
| Collaborator Contribution | Vaccine preparation and formulation |
| Impact | Early times |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Development of paramyvirus vectored HIV vaccines |
| Organisation | University of Georgia |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Design of the HIVconsvX immunogenicity, murine Vaccinology |
| Collaborator Contribution | Construction of four vaccine novel candidates and production of the vaccine stocks. |
| Impact | This is a multidisciplinary collaboration between molecular virology, HIV Vaccinology and murine immunology. It has led to contrition of 4 vaccines expressing the HIVconsvX immunogens and demonstration of induction of mucosal HIV-specific T cells. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Development of paramyxovirus-vectored vaccines for HIV |
| Organisation | University of Georgia |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Vaccine design and testing in a preclinical model |
| Collaborator Contribution | Vaccine design and construction |
| Impact | In progress |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Development of spore-base vaccine platform |
| Organisation | Royal Holloway, University of London |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration has been set to develop a versatile vaccine platform for rapid response. Our contribution is provision of a universal link between spore and decorating immuniogens, murine immunology expertise. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Spore expertise. |
| Impact | Two grant applications at the moment. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Development of spore-base vaccine platform |
| Organisation | SporeGen Limited |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration has been set to develop a versatile vaccine platform for rapid response. Our contribution is provision of a universal link between spore and decorating immuniogens, murine immunology expertise. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Spore expertise. |
| Impact | Two grant applications at the moment. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | European AIDS Vaccine Initiative 2020 (EAVI2020) |
| Organisation | European AIDS Vaccine Initiative 2020 (EAVI2020) |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | We shall provided preclinical and Experimental Medicine research, our conserved mosaic HIV vaccines and our expertise |
| Collaborator Contribution | Our partners will provided preclinical and Experimental Medicine research, their candidate HIV vaccines and their expertise |
| Impact | It is work in progress www.eavi2020.eu Twitter www.twitter.com/eavi2020 Like us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/eavi2020 LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/eavi2020 ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eavi_2020 |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | GMP manufacture of simian adenovirus vaccine |
| Organisation | Advent S.r.l |
| Country | Italy |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Design vaccine, provided starting material and transferred and pre-GMP assay |
| Collaborator Contribution | Pre-GMP vaccine rescue, single vision purification and GMP manufacture |
| Impact | Two GMP vaccines manufactured. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | GMP manufacture of simian adenovirus vaccine |
| Organisation | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Design vaccine, provided starting material and transferred and pre-GMP assay |
| Collaborator Contribution | Pre-GMP vaccine rescue, single vision purification and GMP manufacture |
| Impact | Two GMP vaccines manufactured. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | GREAT - Globally Relevant HIV Vaccine Africa-Europe Trials Partnership |
| Organisation | Imperial College London |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Co-ordination of capacity building and vaccine clinical trial HIv-CORE 006 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Build capacity and help with trial |
| Impact | Early stages |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | GREAT - Globally Relevant HIV Vaccine Africa-Europe Trials Partnership |
| Organisation | International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) |
| Country | Global |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Co-ordination of capacity building and vaccine clinical trial HIv-CORE 006 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Build capacity and help with trial |
| Impact | Early stages |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | GREAT - Globally Relevant HIV Vaccine Africa-Europe Trials Partnership |
| Organisation | MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS |
| Country | Uganda |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Co-ordination of capacity building and vaccine clinical trial HIv-CORE 006 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Build capacity and help with trial |
| Impact | Early stages |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | GREAT - Globally Relevant HIV Vaccine Africa-Europe Trials Partnership |
| Organisation | Medical Research Council (MRC) |
| Department | MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Co-ordination of capacity building and vaccine clinical trial HIv-CORE 006 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Build capacity and help with trial |
| Impact | Early stages |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | GREAT - Globally Relevant HIV Vaccine Africa-Europe Trials Partnership |
| Organisation | United States Agency for International Development |
| Department | USAID Nove Pravosuddya Justice Sector Reform Program |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Co-ordination of capacity building and vaccine clinical trial HIv-CORE 006 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Build capacity and help with trial |
| Impact | Early stages |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | GREAT - Globally Relevant HIV Vaccine Africa-Europe Trials Partnership |
| Organisation | University of Nairobi |
| Department | KAVI Institute of Clinical Research |
| Country | Kenya |
| Sector | Hospitals |
| PI Contribution | Co-ordination of capacity building and vaccine clinical trial HIv-CORE 006 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Build capacity and help with trial |
| Impact | Early stages |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | GREAT - Globally Relevant HIV Vaccine Africa-Europe Trials Partnership |
| Organisation | Zambia Emory HIV Research Project |
| Country | Zambia |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Co-ordination of capacity building and vaccine clinical trial HIv-CORE 006 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Build capacity and help with trial |
| Impact | Early stages |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | IDT Vaccine manufacture |
| Organisation | IDT Biologika GmbH |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Provision of starting materials for two vaccines |
| Collaborator Contribution | Pre-GMP development, manufacture and fill finish of two vaccines |
| Impact | Two GMP vaccines |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Impovements to clinical biomanufacturing of recombinant simian adenoviruses |
| Organisation | Oxford BioMedica UK Ltd |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Provision of reagents and know-how for generation of recombinant adenovirus vaccines, construction of vaccines, pre-=clinical expression and immunogenicity |
| Collaborator Contribution | Provision of recombinant cell line and TRiP suppression system, reagent/vaccine generation |
| Impact | Terminated. Publication pending |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Optimizing delivery of HIV trimeric envelope immunogens |
| Organisation | Amsterdam Medical Center |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Sector | Hospitals |
| PI Contribution | We design and construct virus-vectored vaccines delivering single-chain Env trimeric immunogens, test them in mice in combination withAMC proteins and Oxford T-cell vaccines. We also provide the recombinant virus vaccines to Amsterdam for rabbit studies. Part of EAVI2020 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Design Env trimer immunogens, produce protein vaccines and used combination regimens in rabbits |
| Impact | in progress |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Optimizing vaccines in the NHP models |
| Organisation | Gilead Sciences, Inc. |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Design, construction and preparation of Gilead-conceived vaccines for the NHP SIV0challenge model |
| Collaborator Contribution | Design of vaccine strategy and immunogenicity |
| Impact | Vaccines prepared, experiments ongoing |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Pan-filovirus T-cell Vaccine Designed as Bi-valent Conserved Region Epigraphs |
| Organisation | Los Alamos National Laboratory |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Construction and provision of pan-filovirus T-cell vaccines, pre-GMP development |
| Collaborator Contribution | Non-human primate vaccine-immunisation and challenge studies using EBOV and MARV |
| Impact | Will start April 1, 2017, but mouse immunogenicity has been demonstrated |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Pan-filovirus T-cell Vaccine Designed as Bi-valent Conserved Region Epigraphs |
| Organisation | Public Health Agency of Canada |
| Country | Canada |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Construction and provision of pan-filovirus T-cell vaccines, pre-GMP development |
| Collaborator Contribution | Non-human primate vaccine-immunisation and challenge studies using EBOV and MARV |
| Impact | Will start April 1, 2017, but mouse immunogenicity has been demonstrated |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Partnership for HIV vaccine development |
| Organisation | Kumamoto University |
| Country | Japan |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Providing samples from vaccine recipients |
| Collaborator Contribution | Promotion of the world's highest level of research activities Fostering global academic network fostering personnel who can work globally |
| Impact | On going |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Phase I therapeutic testing of viral-vectored vaccines that shift CD8+ T-cell immunodominance to conserved regions of HIV-1 |
| Organisation | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| Department | Department of Microbiology and Immunology |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision of two GMP vaccines, input into trial design and evaluation |
| Collaborator Contribution | Running a vaccine trial in HIV-positive individuals |
| Impact | none yet |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Prevention and treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders |
| Organisation | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai |
| Department | Developmental and Regenerative Biology |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We provide candidate vaccines and T-cell expertise |
| Collaborator Contribution | EcoHIV mouse model of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) |
| Impact | in progress |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Protection of neonate macaques against SIV challenge |
| Organisation | Duke University Medical Centre |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provide macaque vaccines, which are analogous to the 2nd generation human tHIVocnsvX vaccines |
| Collaborator Contribution | Immunize and challenge neonate macaques with SIV |
| Impact | Early stages |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Provision of GMP cell line for manufacturing adenoviruses |
| Organisation | Nouscom AG |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Nothing |
| Collaborator Contribution | Access to GMP cell line |
| Impact | Two GMP vaccine manufactured. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | RNA vaccine delivery platform for HIVconsvX |
| Organisation | International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) |
| Country | Global |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Design of novel 2nd generation conserved region T-cell vaccine immunogens and mouse immunogenicity |
| Collaborator Contribution | Manufacture of RNA vaccines |
| Impact | Mouse study is published. Door is still open to proceed to clinical studies, but no funding. |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | RNA vaccine delivery platform for HIVconsvX |
| Organisation | Moderna |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Design of novel 2nd generation conserved region T-cell vaccine immunogens and mouse immunogenicity |
| Collaborator Contribution | Manufacture of RNA vaccines |
| Impact | Mouse study is published. Door is still open to proceed to clinical studies, but no funding. |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | SIV Cure in NHP |
| Organisation | Gilead Sciences, Inc. |
| Department | Gilead |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | We are providing vaccines for a complex SIV cure protocol combining other reagents with our vaccines |
| Collaborator Contribution | Financial and intellectual contribution to the study design |
| Impact | Early times |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | T-cell clonality in responses to mosaic vaccination |
| Organisation | University of Oxford |
| Department | Department of Zoology |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We conceived and designed the experiment, provided vaccines and animals, collected samples, analysis of TCR. We are technically guided for TCR PCR amplification by Arian Smith's laboratory |
| Collaborator Contribution | Know-how for analysis of T cell clonality, TCR sequencing and analysis |
| Impact | In progress |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | T-cell vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 |
| Organisation | Johns Hopkins University |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Vaccine design |
| Collaborator Contribution | Vaccine design, construction and testing |
| Impact | In progress |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | TRiPAdeno system in comparison to the tet-repressor (tetR) system in generation of Adenovirus-vectored vaccines |
| Organisation | Oxford BioMedica UK Ltd |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Design and provision of vaccine transgenes and preparation of recombinant viruses |
| Collaborator Contribution | Preparation of transfer plasmids and provision of TRIPAdeno cell lines |
| Impact | Terminated, publication pending. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | The BCN 02 Trial |
| Organisation | IrsiCaixa Institute for AIDS Research |
| Country | Spain |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision of four GMP vaccines for a clinical trial in HIV-positive adults with monitored antiretroviral pause |
| Collaborator Contribution | Run a clinical trials and outcome assays |
| Impact | Submitted two publications |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | The M&M study |
| Organisation | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision on 2 IMPDs, clinical trial design and analysis, clinical trial expertise |
| Collaborator Contribution | Clinical trial expertise, patient cohort, analyses |
| Impact | Multidisciplinary, ongoing |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | Trial DC04 |
| Organisation | University of Pittsburgh |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Trial design and analysis |
| Collaborator Contribution | Trial expertise, analysis, patient cohort |
| Impact | In progress |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Trial HIV-CORE 0051 |
| Organisation | AELIX Therapeutics |
| Country | Spain |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Trial design, Clinical trial expertises, contraction of IMPDs, analysis |
| Collaborator Contribution | Trial design, 2 GMP IMPDs, analysis |
| Impact | In preparation |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Trial HIV-CORE 007 |
| Organisation | San Raffaele Hospital |
| Department | San Raffaele Scientific Institute (SRSI) |
| Country | Italy |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision of 4 IMPDs, clinical expertise, clinical trial design, analysis |
| Collaborator Contribution | Clinical Expertise, clinical site, patient cohort |
| Impact | In progress |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Trial HIV-CORE 008 |
| Organisation | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Provision of 4 GMP IMPDs, trial design and analysis, trial expertise |
| Collaborator Contribution | Trials expertise and analysis, patient cohort |
| Impact | Multidisciplinary, in preparation |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Trial IMPAACT 3029 |
| Organisation | Johns Hopkins University |
| Department | School of Medicine Johns Hopkins |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | 4 GMP IMPDs, contribution to clinical trials design and analysis |
| Collaborator Contribution | Clinical trial expertise, patient cohorts |
| Impact | In preparation |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Trial IMPAACT 3029 |
| Organisation | University of Stellenbosch |
| Country | South Africa |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | 4 GMP IMPDs, contribution to clinical trials design and analysis |
| Collaborator Contribution | Clinical trial expertise, patient cohorts |
| Impact | In preparation |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Use of Bacillus subtilise spores as vaccine adjuvants and vaccine carriers |
| Organisation | Royal Holloway, University of London |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Design of the HIVconsvX immunogens and murine Vaccinology, design of a universal vaccine core as recombinant spores |
| Collaborator Contribution | Construction of recombinant spores and their production |
| Impact | Multidisciplinary involving bacteriology, immunology and Vaccinology |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Title | MOSAIC CONSERVED REGION HIV IMMUNOGENIC POLYPEPTIDES |
| Description | Disclosed herein are mosaic conserved region HIV polypeptides and immunogenic polypeptides including one or more of the mosaic conserved region polypeptides. In some embodiments, the immunogenic polypeptides are included in an immunogenic composition, such as a polyvalent immunogenic composition. Also disclosed herein are methods for treating or inhibiting HIV in a subject including administering one or more of the disclosed immunogenic polypeptides or compositions to a subject having or at risk of HIV infection. In some embodiments, the methods include inducing an immune response in a subject comprising administering to the subject at least one of the disclosed immunogenic polypeptides or a nucleic acid encoding at least one of the immunogenic polypeptides. |
| IP Reference | WO2015048785 |
| Protection | Patent application published |
| Year Protection Granted | 2015 |
| Licensed | No |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | DC 04 |
| Description | Dendritic cell (DC)-based therapeutic vaccines have shown the most promise for controlling HIV replication without antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although two seminal clinical trials demonstrated significant decreases in plasma viremia without ART that were associated with vaccine-induced HIV-specific immune responses, other DC-based vaccine studies have shown equivocal or no virologic efficacy. The disconnect between a DC-based vaccine's theoretical capability, supported by strong in vitro evidence of priming of effector T-cells, and the variable results of clinical trials, highlight important gaps in understanding the determinants of DC vaccine efficacy in vivo. We therefore propose a comparative analysis to confirm prior efficacy of DC vaccines and to test new, innovative DC vaccines with the dual goals of improving virological efficacy and identifying key determinants of DC vaccine efficacy. Specifically, we will conduct an initial phase I/II, randomized, double-blind, pilot study to compare safety and anti-HIV efficacy of four different DC-based vaccines and two corresponding placebos. The trial will evaluate two DC maturation techniques (the prostaglandin E2-matured DCs, which were partially effective in the two seminal clinical trials, and the alpha-type-1 DCs, which have shown improved antigen-presenting and T-cell priming function ex vivo), two HIV immunogens (whole, inactivated, autologous HIV that was partially effective in the two trials, and a pool of HIV peptides covering the most highly-conserved regions in Gag and Pol combined with epitopes known to be associated with control of viremia in untreated HIV-infected individuals), and two dosing strategies (3 vs 6 doses). The primary efficacy outcome will be change in the inducible HIV reservoir from pre-vaccination to 2 weeks after the final vaccine dose. We will also further evaluate the in vivo anti-HIV efficacy of the DC vaccines by performing an extensive analysis of vaccine-induced changes in virologic and immunologic parameters with the secondary goal of identifying immune correlates of vaccine-induced virologic responses. The parameters measured will include residual plasma viremia, the number and transcriptional activity of HIV-infected cells, CD8+ T-cell inhibition of autologous virus replication, the magnitude, breadth, and polyfunctionality of immune responses, and immunoregulatory responses including regulatory T-cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. We propose a second clinical trial to assess reproducibility of initial findings from the first trial and to assess the impact of further refinements of DC vaccine designs on efficacy. We have developed pre-specified Go/No-Go criteria for moving forward to a second trial. The decision whether a specific DC vaccine will be evaluated in the second trial will be based on the primary and secondary virologic and immunologic endpoints of the first trial. This innovative, sequential, and iterative approach will evaluate multiple DC vaccines, elucidate determinants of vaccine efficacy, identify immune correlates of vaccine-induced reductions in HIV reservoirs, and provide new insights into the potential for DC vaccines to achieve durable HIV remission without ART. |
| Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Vaccines |
| Current Stage Of Development | Refinement. Clinical |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2020 |
| Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
| Clinical Trial? | Yes |
| Impact | On going |
| URL | https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03758625 |
| Title | HIV CORE 0052 |
| Description | A phase 1 dose escalation open label trial to assess safety and immunogenicity of candidate ChAdOx1- and MVA-vectored conserved mosaic HIV-1 vaccines, given sequentially to healthy HIV-1/2-negative adult volunteers in Oxford, UK MVA-based vaccines The two MVA-vectored vaccines are called MVA.tHIVconsv3 and MVA.tHIVconsv4. Both were manufactured, labeled and technically released by IDT Biologika GmbH in Dessau-Rosslau, Germany. MVA is an efficient single-round expression vaccine vector that is itself incapable of replication and spread in mammals. Both MVA.tHIVconsv3 and MVA.tHIVconsv4 contain a transgene (insert) coding for 6 conserved HIV regions that are fused together to form a chimeric protein immunogen. These 6 regions are arranged in different unique orders, MVA.tHIVconsv3 as 3-6-2-5-1-4 and MVA.tHIVconsv4 as 4-1-5-2-6-3. Chimpanzee Adenovirus-based vaccine The Chimpanzee Adenovirus-vectored vaccine is called ChAdOx1.tHIVconsv1. It was manufactured, labeled and technically released by Advent S.r.l. in Rome, Italy. The ChAdOx1 vaccine vector is an engineered, non-replicating vector derived from simian adenovirus. ChAdOx1.tHIVconsv1 contains a transgene (insert) coding for 6 conserved HIV regions that are fused together to form chimeric protein immunogen in the region order of 1-2-3-4-5-6. |
| Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Vaccines |
| Current Stage Of Development | Initial development |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2020 |
| Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
| Clinical Trial? | Yes |
| Impact | Seeking approvals |
| Title | HIV CORE 007 |
| Description | A Phase I/II Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of ChAdOx1.tHIVconsvX prime - MVA.tHIVconsvX Boost Vaccination Regimen in Early-treated durably-controlling HIV-1 positive Adults. MVA-based vaccines The two MVA-vectored vaccines are called MVA.tHIVconsv3 and MVA.tHIVconsv4. Both were manufactured, labeled and technically released by IDT Biologika GmbH in Dessau-Rosslau, Germany. MVA is an efficient single-round expression vaccine vector that is itself incapable of replication and spread in mammals. Both MVA.tHIVconsv3 and MVA.tHIVconsv4 contain a transgene (insert) coding for 6 conserved HIV regions that are fused together to form a chimeric protein immunogen. These 6 regions are arranged in different unique orders, MVA.tHIVconsv3 as 3-6-2-5-1-4 and MVA.tHIVconsv4 as 4-1-5-2-6-3. Chimpanzee Adenovirus-based vaccine The Chimpanzee Adenovirus-vectored vaccine is called ChAdOx1.tHIVconsv1. It was manufactured, labeled and technically released by Advent S.r.l. in Rome, Italy. The ChAdOx1 vaccine vector is an engineered, non-replicating vector derived from simian adenovirus. ChAdOx1.tHIVconsv1 contains a transgene (insert) coding for 6 conserved HIV regions that are fused together to form chimeric protein immunogen in the region order of 1-2-3-4-5-6. |
| Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Vaccines |
| Current Stage Of Development | Early clinical assessment |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2020 |
| Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
| Clinical Trial? | Yes |
| Impact | Seeking approvals |
| Title | HIV CORE-0051 |
| Description | A phase 1/2a open label trial to assess safety and immunogenicity of candidate T-cell vaccines ChAdOx1.HTI and MVA.HTI given sequentially to healthy HIV-1/2 negative adult volunteers in Oxford, UK |
| Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Vaccines |
| Current Stage Of Development | Early clinical assessment |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2020 |
| Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
| Clinical Trial? | Yes |
| UKCRN/ISCTN Identifier | EudraCT Number: 2019-000621-47 |
| Impact | Seeking MHRA approval |
| Title | HIV-CORE 006 |
| Description | A Phase 1 Trial of ChAdOx1- and MVA-vectored Conserved Mosaic HIV-1 Vaccines in Healthy, Adult HIV-1-negative Volunteers in Eastern and Southern Africa. MVA-based vaccines The two MVA-vectored vaccines are called MVA.tHIVconsv3 and MVA.tHIVconsv4. Both were manufactured, labeled and technically released by IDT Biologika GmbH in Dessau-Rosslau, Germany. MVA is an efficient single-round expression vaccine vector that is itself incapable of replication and spread in mammals. Both MVA.tHIVconsv3 and MVA.tHIVconsv4 contain a transgene (insert) coding for 6 conserved HIV regions that are fused together to form a chimeric protein immunogen. These 6 regions are arranged in different unique orders, MVA.tHIVconsv3 as 3-6-2-5-1-4 and MVA.tHIVconsv4 as 4-1-5-2-6-3. Chimpanzee Adenovirus-based vaccine The Chimpanzee Adenovirus-vectored vaccine is called ChAdOx1.tHIVconsv1. It was manufactured, labeled and technically released by Advent S.r.l. in Rome, Italy. The ChAdOx1 vaccine vector is an engineered, non-replicating vector derived from simian adenovirus. ChAdOx1.tHIVconsv1 contains a transgene (insert) coding for 6 conserved HIV regions that are fused together to form chimeric protein immunogen in the region order of 1-2-3-4-5-6. |
| Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Vaccines |
| Current Stage Of Development | Early clinical assessment |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2020 |
| Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
| Clinical Trial? | Yes |
| UKCRN/ISCTN Identifier | OXTREC Ref: 56-19 |
| Impact | Seeking approvals |
| Title | Importance of the bi-valent mosaic design on the quality of induced killer T cells - the CM study; HIV-CORE 008 |
| Description | The HIVconsvX candidate vaccine strategy for HIV prevention and cure are being evaluated in 4 clinical trials currently and 3 trials are under development. |
| Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Vaccines |
| Current Stage Of Development | Early clinical assessment |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2022 |
| Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
| Clinical Trial? | Yes |
| UKCRN/ISCTN Identifier | IGHID 12107 |
| Impact | The world needs an AIDS vaccine. The overall aim of the research is to make a significant contribution to the development of an effective HIV vaccine by inducing protective T-cell responses. Such a T-cell vaccine may critically complement vaccines inducing broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAbs) for prevention and be key for HIV cure for people living with HIV (PLWH). We have initiated a series of prevention and cure trials with new improved mosaic vaccines, called HIVconsvX, which target highly conserved regions of HIV and we believe have a real chance to help impact the epidemic. |
| Title | M&M Study |
| Description | A Phase I Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of the HIV-1 Vaccines MVA.tHIVconsv3 (M3) and MVA.tHIVconsv4 (M4) Given Alone or In Combination in HIV-1Infected Adults Suppressed on Antiretroviral Therapy - The M&M Study |
| Type | Therapeutic Intervention - Vaccines |
| Current Stage Of Development | Initial development |
| Year Development Stage Completed | 2020 |
| Development Status | Under active development/distribution |
| Clinical Trial? | Yes |
| Impact | On going |
| URL | https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03844386 |
| Description | A Scipod "Use of Experimental medicine for Rational Development of an Effective HIV Vaccine |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | An overview of the HIV T-cell development programme |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://scipod.global/use-of-experimental-medicine-for-rational-development-of-an-effective-HIV-vacc... |
| Description | Adenoviry jako vakcinove vektory (Czech; Adenoviruses as vaccine vectors) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Talk was part of a debate series on coronavirus vaccine organised by the Charles University in Prague and posted on YouTube. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlImzqC5CuI&t=3203s |
| Description | Article for Scientia |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Popular research article |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | EDCTP2 award of the GREAT Grant |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Announcement of a grant award |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | HIVR4P 2021 Presentation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | On line presentation during the HIVR4P International Conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.hivr4p.org |
| Description | Interview with Nova S TV Belgrade |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A 10 min TV interview on the HIV vaccine programme |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Preliminary results of therapeutic trial BCN 02 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Announcement of a partial/initial success in controlling the HIV virus during discontinuation of ART following vaccination |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Press release- GREAT Consortium announces start of trial of novel HIV vaccine candidate. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Patients, carers and/or patient groups |
| Results and Impact | Press release- GREAT Consortium announces start of trial of novel HIV vaccine candidate. The press release was accompanied by a social media toolkit that was shared by partners. The content is on Twitter. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.great-partnership.eu/2021/08/03/great-consortium-announces-start-of-trial-of-novel-hiv-v... |
| Description | Research in Harmony |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Open day science at UOXF |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | UOXF Press Release |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Press release on the opening of the HIV-CORE 0052 & HIV-CORE 006 Clinical Trials The impact of the HIV trial release on the UOXF social channels for the month of July (data provided by the Public Affairs Directorate, University of Oxford on 19 Aug). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | World AIDS Day Press Note & Tweet- Phase I HIV vaccine trial completes volunteer recruitment in time for World AIDS Day |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Patients, carers and/or patient groups |
| Results and Impact | World AIDS Day Press Note & Tweet- Phase I HIV vaccine trial completes volunteer recruitment in time for World AIDS Day |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.great-partnership.eu/2021/08/03/great-consortium-announces-start-of-trial-of-novel-hiv-v... |