Sea-level change and carbon cycle perturbation in the Mesozoic 'greenhouse'
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Oxford
Department Name: Earth Sciences
Abstract
An enduring and contentious issue in Mesozoic Earth history (~250 to 65 million years ago) is the importance of high-rate global sea-level changes and their potential driving mechanisms. Although a huge effort in the 1990's was put into defining sedimentary packages generated by cyclic sea-level changes, attempts to determine global extent, and by implication global mechanisms, have largely been frustrated. The principal difficulty is that the sedimentary strata that are most sensitive to sea-level change, those deposited in coastal environments, are also the most difficult to assign relative ages to on a global scale with sufficient precision. One possible means of achieve this goal is to use the ratios of stable carbon-isotopes preserved in contemporaneous plant matter. Although the carbon-isotope ratios in land plants are affected by a number of factors, the predominant factor appears to be the isotopic composition of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere in which the plants grew. The present proposal makes use of advances in high-resolution carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the Early Jurassic in order to test correlations between a succession from a restricted seaway of the Polish Basin and open marine successions from other NW European basins that are well-characterized in terms of isotopic compositions, time-diagnostic fossils, and inferred sea-level change. In particular, the latest Pliensbachian to Early Toarcian interval of the Early Jurassic is targeted, because this time was characterized by large, potentially global, carbon-isotope fluctuations, culminating around the so-called Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, and corresponding to major fluctuations in palaeotemperature inferred from various lines of evidence. Therefore this is amongst the most likely of Mesozoic intervals to exhibit sea-level changes driven by glacioeustasy (i.e. ice sheet expansion and contraction), if such a mechanism was indeed operating.
People |
ORCID iD |
Stephen Hesselbo (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Ullmann C
(2013)
Tectonic forcing of Early to Middle Jurassic seawater Sr/Ca
in Geology
Korte C
(2011)
Shallow marine carbon and oxygen isotope and elemental records indicate icehouse-greenhouse cycles during the Early Jurassic
in Paleoceanography
Huang C
(2014)
Pacing of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Early Jurassic) from astronomical correlation of marine sections
in Gondwana Research
Hesselbo S
(2011)
Stepwise atmospheric carbon-isotope excursion during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Early Jurassic, Polish Basin)
in Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Hermoso M
(2012)
Dynamics of a stepped carbon-isotope excursion: Ultra high-resolution study of Early Toarcian environmental change
in Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Al-Suwaidi A
(2010)
First record of the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event from the Southern Hemisphere, Neuquén Basin, Argentina
in Journal of the Geological Society
Description | Perturbation to Mesozoic carbon cycle during Jurassic Oceanic Anoxic Event detected in terrestrial organic matter from non-marine sedimentary succession in Poland and France. This result is confirmation of the global nature of the Oceanic Anoxic Event, a finding that increases the predictability of finding organic-rich deposits of this age in unexplored sedimentary basins. The result also supports the idea that destabilisation of methane hydrates contributed to the super-greenhouse conditions accompanying the Oceanic Anoxic Event. Additionally we have documented the long-term variations in carbon-isotope ratios in marine and terrestrial oceanic and atmospheric reservoirs together with measurements of 'palaeotemperature proxies' that help to relate changes in the carbon cycle to potential glacial intervals in the early Jurassic. The results from Poland helped to demonstrate the integrity of a potential cap rock for underground storage of carbon dioxide. |
Exploitation Route | The results contribute to our understanding of Earth history and the variability in the Earth's environmental systems The results are exploitable by the hydrocarbon industry to aid discovery of oil source rocks in under-explored sedimentary basins. |
Sectors | Energy Environment |
Description | My paper with a collaborator from the Polish Geological Insitute (Hesselbo, S.P., Pienkowski, G., 2011, Stepwise atmospheric carbon-isotope excursion during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, Early Jurassic, Polish Basin, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 301, p. 365-372, doi: 1016/j.epsl.2010.11.021) was used as an underpinning work for an impact and innovation award in Poland: the Polish Geological Institute was awarded the title of Laureate Innovation of the Year 2013 for the "Assessment of Formations and Structures for Safe Geological Storage of CO2, together with a program of monitoring"). Through innovative use of carbon-isotope stratigraphy our study demonstrated the physical continuity of a seal rock above potential CO2 storage reservoirs. (See http://www.pgi.gov.pl/pl/o-instytucie-geologicznym-72/nagrody) |
Sector | Energy,Environment |
Impact Types | Societal Economic |
Description | Jurassic of the Polish Basin |
Organisation | Polish Geological Institute |
Country | Poland |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Carbon isotope analysis of woody phytoclasts |
Collaborator Contribution | Accommodatiion and subsistence in the field, supply of samples |
Impact | Demonstration of integrity of caprock within Polish Jyurassic succession for carbon sequestration project |
Start Year | 2012 |