Maximising Ecosystem Services in Urban Environments (MEaSURE)
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Glasgow
Department Name: College of Medical, Veterinary, Life Sci
Abstract
Urban environments are home to the majority of people on the planet and so ensuring these systems provide healthy, productive and resilient environments is critical. Green infrastructure - which we define as a network of multi-functional green space and other green features - is a key component of urban systems and the main reservoirs of much urban biodiversity. But how do we manage green infrastructure to maximise the benefits these features bring to humans and wider ecosystem functioning? Here we focus on gaining a better predictive understanding of diversity associated with green infrastructure can be optimised to enhance ecosystem services.
Biodiversity is widely recognised to be a key driver of multiple ecosystem functions (i.e. ecosystem multifunctionality), underpinning the provision of numerous ecosystem services for humanity, as well as undesirable disservices. Manipulation of biodiversity therefore has considerable potential to significantly improve how we construct and manage engineered and urban ecosystems. A major gap in knowledge hampering our ability to harness the benefits of biodiversity in urban areas is understanding how attributes particular to green infrastructure in urban environments affect biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. This knowledge is important for the design and management of urban green infrastructure to maximise ecosystem service provision in wider urban landscapes. Moreover, the mechanisms by which landscape form and biodiversity influence ecosystem services and mitigate against disservices operate at different scales, and we lack understanding of how these mechanisms operate and scale in urban landscapes. A further gap in knowledge is how the diversity of urban forms interact with the diversity of neighbouring peri-urban and rural forms to affect ecosystem services and disservices in urban landscapes.
Here we address these gaps in knowledge to understand how biodiversity can be used to enhance ecosystem multifunctionality in urban landscapes at contrasting scales. We focus on ecosystem services of carbon capture, cycling and storage, urban cooling, and water holding capacity, and disservices of greenhouse gas emissions, pathogen prevalence, and tick-borne pathogens; these services and disservices are intrinsically linked to green infrastructure and there is an established mechanistic basis for a link to biodiversity. We will integrate knowledge of biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships into a modelling framework that will be used to create a web-based planning tool to determine how planning scenarios affect urban ecosystem multifunctionality. Our findings will contribute to the development of enabling mechanisms, with a focus on urban land use and green infrastructure planning, to enhance the contribution made by local scale green infrastructure interventions to wider landscape scale processes and the resilience of urban ecosystems.
Biodiversity is widely recognised to be a key driver of multiple ecosystem functions (i.e. ecosystem multifunctionality), underpinning the provision of numerous ecosystem services for humanity, as well as undesirable disservices. Manipulation of biodiversity therefore has considerable potential to significantly improve how we construct and manage engineered and urban ecosystems. A major gap in knowledge hampering our ability to harness the benefits of biodiversity in urban areas is understanding how attributes particular to green infrastructure in urban environments affect biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. This knowledge is important for the design and management of urban green infrastructure to maximise ecosystem service provision in wider urban landscapes. Moreover, the mechanisms by which landscape form and biodiversity influence ecosystem services and mitigate against disservices operate at different scales, and we lack understanding of how these mechanisms operate and scale in urban landscapes. A further gap in knowledge is how the diversity of urban forms interact with the diversity of neighbouring peri-urban and rural forms to affect ecosystem services and disservices in urban landscapes.
Here we address these gaps in knowledge to understand how biodiversity can be used to enhance ecosystem multifunctionality in urban landscapes at contrasting scales. We focus on ecosystem services of carbon capture, cycling and storage, urban cooling, and water holding capacity, and disservices of greenhouse gas emissions, pathogen prevalence, and tick-borne pathogens; these services and disservices are intrinsically linked to green infrastructure and there is an established mechanistic basis for a link to biodiversity. We will integrate knowledge of biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships into a modelling framework that will be used to create a web-based planning tool to determine how planning scenarios affect urban ecosystem multifunctionality. Our findings will contribute to the development of enabling mechanisms, with a focus on urban land use and green infrastructure planning, to enhance the contribution made by local scale green infrastructure interventions to wider landscape scale processes and the resilience of urban ecosystems.
Organisations
People |
ORCID iD |
Lucy Gilbert (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Ribeiro R
(2023)
Linking human tick bite risk with tick abundance in the environment: A novel approach to quantify tick bite risk using orienteers in Scotland.
in Ticks and tick-borne diseases
Plahe G
(2023)
Borrelia bavariensis in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks, United Kingdom.
in Emerging infectious diseases
Description | The research is still on-going; however, an early major finding was that we discovered a type of Borrelia pathogen new to the UK - Borrelia Bavariensis, which is thought to be a particularly pathogenic form of Borrelia (the Lyme disease pathogen), and occurs in continental Europe but never before recorded in the UK. This was published in 2023 in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases. |
Exploitation Route | The knowledge of the presence of this pathogen in the two specific locations in the UK can be used by health professionals in these areas to help diagnose patients with relevant symptoms, to aid more appropriate and rapid treatment. |
Sectors | Environment Healthcare |
URL | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/29/10/23-0907_article |
Description | In addition to what is also listed under "Influence on Policy, Practice, Patients and the Public' section such as feeding results from this project into the Scottish Government's advisory group on tick-borne diseases, our findings are sent to each town and city council where we have conducted ecological and social science surveys. Impacts are still emerging and will grow through the life of the project. So far, councils are particularly interested in how the public use urban green spaces and what their awareness is of ticks. As the project progresses, our collaboration with councils will grow to co-develop optimal urban green space planning to maximise ecosystem services. |
First Year Of Impact | 2023 |
Sector | Education,Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice |
Impact Types | Societal |
Description | Post-graduate student training and education |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
Impact | Before starting the training, the students had no experience at all of ecological field techniques or running science projects. After the training, they had expertise in hypothesis testing, fieldwork planning, survey design, a wide range of field techniques, data collection, data anlysis and report writing. This helped educate and fill a gap in expertise of a new workforce in an area that is currently lacking in expert personnel. |
Description | Scottish Government's Scottish Health Protection Network Tick-borne disease group |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Description | Scottish Government's Scottish Health Protection Network Tick-borne disease group |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Participation in a guidance/advisory committee |
Description | British Association for Veterinary Parasitology (BAVP) conference, Sep 2022 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Oral presentation "Understanding how attributes of rural and hinterland greenspaces are associated with the ecosystem services and disservices" at BAVP conference, 8th-9th September 2022. Helped inform our study design and scientific questions and approach. A lot of interest from other delegates. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Conference poster online at Scottish Parasitological partnership in research, innovation and training SPPIRIT ECR Research Symposium 26th September 2022. |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Poster titled "Understanding how attributes of rural and hinterland greenspaces are associated with the ecosystem services and disservices". Presented online at Scottish Parasitological partnership in research, innovation and training (SPPIRIT) ECR Research Symposium 26th September 2022. Generated a lot of interest among the delegates including suggestions for the research approach and enquiries for further information to use our study sites. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Poster presentation at Inverness NorthTick conference Hall et al |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Poster presentation to the NorthTick conference in Inverness May 30-31st 2023, read by at least 50 of the conference delegates, which included health practitioners, researchers, patient groups and charities, students. Poster title: Ticks and Lyme disease risk in urban greenspace in northern UK Authors: Hall, Plahe, Johnson, Birtles, Gilbert |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Poster presentation at Inverness NorthTick conference Plahe et al |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Poster presentation at NorthTick conference, read by more than 50 international participants, who were public health professionals, academic researchers, patient groups and charities, students. Poster title: Comparison of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. abundance and diversity in urban greenspace and surrounding hinterland. Authors: Plahe, Hall, Gilbert, Birtles |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Undergrad lecture at University of Salford |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | Undergrad lecture at University of Salford on ticks and Lyme disease. Many requests for further information, including students that will now take part in the study to gain them research experience and summer work. Educating and engaging the new generation of researchers. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |